ʻOku Fiemaʻu Kiate Kitautolu ha Māmani Foʻou

KIʻI tangutu hifo ʻo vakai ki he ngaahi tuʻunga ʻokú ne takatakai koé. ʻOkú ke saiʻia ʻi he meʻa ʻokú ke sio ki aí?

Mahalo ʻoku ʻi ai hao ʻapi fakaʻofoʻofa ʻi ha feituʻu lelei, ha feituʻu ʻoku lelei hono tauhí. ʻOku ʻi ai nai haʻo ngāue ʻokú ke saiʻia ai ʻoku totongi lelei. ʻIkai ko ia pē, ko koe mo kinautolu ʻokú ke ʻofa aí ʻoku mou maʻu nai ʻa e moʻui lelei. Ko ia ai, ʻokú ke ongoʻi malu nai mo fiefia.

Ka ke fakakaukau atu ki he ngaahi feituʻu kehé, ʻa e ngaahi feituʻu kehe ʻo e fonua ʻokú ke nofo aí, mo e ngaahi fonua kehé. Sio fakalūkufua ange ki he māmaní. ʻOku hā lelei kiate koe? Ko e moʻoni ʻoku fakalata, melino, mo tuʻumālie?

Fakatatau ki he ngaahi vavalo ki muʻa atu ʻi he senituli ko ʻení, ʻoku totonu ki he saienisí ʻi he taimí ni ke nau ʻosi taʻaki-fuʻu ʻa e ngaahi mahaki lalahí, tokonaki ha meʻakai feʻunga ki he kakai kotoa pē, fakatuʻumaʻu mo ʻai ke fakalaka ʻa e ʻātakaí, pea ʻai ke hoko ha kuonga ʻo e melinó. Ka ko e hā kuo hoko moʻoní?

ʻOku ʻikai ke toe fakahela sivi ke ʻilo ko e melinó kuo maʻungataʻa ia mei hotau māmaní. ʻOku tohi ʻa Michael Renner ʻi he State of the World 1990: “Talu mei he taimi ʻo e Tohitapú, kuo akonekina ʻa e kakaí ke tuki huo ʻaki ʻenau ngaahi heletaá. Kuo ʻikai ha taimi kuo feʻungamālie ai ʻa e fakahinohino ko iá. Ko e fusifusiloto ʻo e muia fakakautaú kuo hoko nai ai ʻa e faʻahinga ʻo e tangatá ke tuʻu ngutungutu ki he ʻauha.”

ʻOku fuʻu lahi ʻa e ngaahi fakamatala ʻo kau ki he ngaahi fekeʻikeʻi fakapuleʻangá mo e ngaahi tau ʻoku fakatokosiʻi ai ʻa e kakai ʻi he ngaahi fonua ʻi māmani lahí. Fakatatau ki ha maʻuʻanga fakamatala ʻe taha, ko e ngaahi tau ʻe 22 naʻe kei fai ʻo aʻu mai ki he 1988.a Ko e toko fiha naʻe mate ʻi he ngaahi tau ko iá? ʻI he aʻu mai ki he taʻu ko iá, “ko e fika fakakātoa ʻo e kakai naʻe tāmateʻi ʻi he ngaahi tau kotoa naʻe fai ʻo aʻu mai ki he 1988 naʻe toko 4,645,000. Ko e peseti ʻe fitu-ono ʻo kinautolu naʻe tāmateʻí ko e kau siviliane,” ko e lau ia ʻa e St. Louis Post-Dispatch.

ʻOku fakahaaʻi ʻe he ngaahi meʻa ʻoku lolotonga hoko he māmaní ʻoku ʻi ai ha māmani foʻou melino ʻe hoko? “ʻOku pehē ʻoku fakaʻau ke siʻi ange ʻa e feʻauʻauhi mo fakafili ʻa e ngaahi puleʻanga mālohí pea ʻoku toe ʻoange ha faingamālie ki he melinó. Ka ke toe vakai ange,” ko e lave ia ʻa e kupu ʻi he San Jose Mercury News ʻo Kalefōnia, U.S.A. “ʻI he ngaahi fonua langalanga haké, kuo hoko ai ʻa e taú pea siʻi ha ʻamanaki ki hano fakaleleiʻanga. Ko e ngaahi tau ʻeni ʻa e māmaní ʻoku fūfuuʻi. Ko e ngaahi fepaki eni ʻokú ne fakafeʻauhi ʻa e ngaahi puleʻangá mo hono kakai totonu pē: ko e ngaahi fetakai lingitoto koeʻuhi ko ha kelekele, lotu, ngaahi faikehekehe fakamatakali, mafai fakapolitikale, ʻo aʻu ki he ngaahi faitoʻo kona tapú. . . . Mei ʻAfilika ki he Tonga-hahake ʻo ʻĒsiá, kuo fakamālohiʻi ʻe he taú ʻa e kakai ʻe laui miliona ke nau hola mei honau ngaahi ʻapí. Kuo ʻikai lava ke toe tō ʻa e ngaahi ngoue, kuo ʻohofi mo e ngaahi senitā ki he moʻuí, fakaʻauha mo e fanga monumanú, ko e ngaahi mātuʻa kuo tāmateʻi anga-fakamamahi kae sio pē ʻenau fānaú, ko e tamaiki tangata taʻu 10 ʻoku ʻai kinautolu ko e kau toʻo meʻa pea toki hoko ko e kau sōtia, kuo tohotohoʻi mo e fānau fefiné. ʻI he ngaahi fonua ko ʻeni kuo meimei ngalo atú, kuo fakatupunga ai ʻe he taú ha ngaahi maumau mo ha taʻemanonga fakasōsiale ʻa ia ʻe ʻikai pē ke teitei lava ʻe he ngaahi falukunga kakai ko ʻení ke toe fakaakeake kakato mei ai. . . . ʻOku fakahā ʻe he fekumi ʻo pehē ko e ngaahi taʻu 1980 tupú kuo lahi ange ʻa e ngaahi tau aí ʻi ha toe taʻu ʻe hongofulu kehe ʻi he hisitōliá.”

Ko e tokolahi ʻo kinautolu naʻe lava ke nau hola ki he ngaahi fonua fakalakalaka angé ʻoku nau ʻilo ai ko e melino ʻoku nau kumí ʻoku maumauʻi ia ʻe he fakamanamana ʻo e hia fakamālohí. ʻOku fakamatala ʻa e U.S.News & World Report: “Ko e faihiá [ʻi he ʻIunaite Setete] kuo hokohoko mai ʻi he ngaahi taʻu 1980 tupú neongo ʻa e ngaahi vavalo ʻe fakasiʻisiʻi iá. ʻI ha taʻu pē: ʻOku ʻi ai ʻa e ngaahi hia mamafa ʻe 8.1 miliona ʻo hangē ko e fakapō, ngaohikoviʻi mo e hae fale. . . . Ko e loto-mamahi lahi tahá ko e hoko ʻo mafola lahi mo taʻe ʻamanekina ʻa e lingitotó. Ko e ngaohikoviʻí ko ha alangamahaki. ʻOku fakafuofua ʻe he U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics ko e peseti ʻe 83 ʻo e fānau kuo nau taʻu 12 ʻi he taimí ni te nau faingataʻaʻia he fakamālohí pe feinga fakamālohí ʻo kapau ʻe kei hokohoko atu pē ʻa e faihiá ʻi he tuʻunga ko ʻení. . . . Ko e tautea ʻo e kau maumaulaó ʻoku ʻikai ke pau pe vave. ʻI he fonuá fakakātoa ʻoku malava pē ʻe he kau polisí ke fakaleleiʻi ʻa e hia pē ʻe 1 ʻi ha ngaahi hia lalahi ʻe 5.” Ko e tuʻunga meimei tatau ʻoku hoko ʻi māmani lahí. ʻOku fakamatala ʻe he UN General Assembly ʻa e “fakautuutu fakatouʻosi ʻi he hoko mo e mamafa ʻo e hiá ʻi he ngaahi feituʻu lahi ʻi he māmaní.”

Ka naʻa mo e puli atu leva mei he māmaní ʻa e tau kotoa pē, ngaahi meʻataú, mo e faihiá ʻe kei fakamanamanaʻi pē ʻa e moʻuí ia. ʻOku fakatokangaʻi ʻe he Worldwatch Institute ʻi heʻenau fakamatala he State of the World 1990: “Ko e masiva lahí, mo e mofele noaʻia pē ʻa e mahakí, tokolahi ʻo e ʻikai lava ke tohi mo lautohí ʻokú ne fakaʻilongaʻi ʻa e moʻui ʻa e laui teau miliona ʻi he ngaahi fonua langalanga haké. Ko e faʻahinga kotoa pē ʻo e tangatá​—koloaʻia pe masiva, tuʻunga fakakautau mālohi pe vaivai​—ʻoku nau fehangahangai mo e fakakaukau taʻe fakafiemālie ʻo e fakaʻauha ʻo e ʻātakaí ʻoku teʻeki ke hoko ha meʻa pehē ia ki muʻa atu.”

ʻIo, kuo maumauʻi ʻa e ngaahi tuʻunga ʻokú ne poupouʻi ʻa e moʻuí ʻa ia ʻoku fakafalala ki ai ʻa e faʻahinga kotoa ʻo e tangatá. ʻOku tohi ʻe Paul Hoffman ko e ʻetita ʻo e makasini ko e Discover: “Ko e fakakātoa ʻo e māmaní kuo ʻi ha tuʻunga kovi ange he taimí ni ʻi he tuʻunga [ʻi he 1970]. Ko e vevé kuo mahua atu ia mei he ngaahi tanuʻanga vevé. Ko ha ngaahi kasa ʻoku nau fakavelaʻi ʻa e ʻatimosifiá. Kuo manifinifi ʻa e kasa ʻosouni ʻokú ne maluʻi ʻa e palanité. ʻOku fakalahi atu ʻa e ngaahi toafá, pea kuo siʻisiʻi ʻa e ngaahi vaotaá. Ko e faʻahinga kehekehe ʻo e ʻakaú mo e faʻahinga monumanú ʻoku ʻauhamālie ʻi he vave ko e 17 ki he houa.”

ʻOku tānaki atu ki ai ʻa e ngaahi uesia ʻi he hokohoko atu hono ʻuliʻi ʻa e fonuá mo e vaí. Fakakau ki ai ʻa e tupu fakautuutu ʻa e tokolahi ʻi he māmaní, ʻa ia ʻoku iku ki hono langa pe tanu lahi ange ai ʻa e kelekele lelei, ʻo fakautuutu ai pē hono fakaʻauha ʻa e faʻahinga ʻo e ʻakaú mo e monumanú. Fakakaukau atu ki he fakautuutu ʻo e honge vai maʻá mo e palopalema ʻo e ʻuha ʻēsití. Tānaki atu ki ai mo e fakamanamana ki he moʻuí ʻa e nunuʻa ʻo e fuʻu ʻuliʻi ʻo e ʻeá mo e ngaahi palopalema ʻo e ngaahi veve fakatuʻutāmakí. Fakakātoá, ʻoku nau fakahā ʻa e fakatuʻutāmaki ki he faʻahinga ʻo e tangatá. Tatau ai pē pe ko hai pe ko e fē ʻa e feituʻu ʻoku tau ʻi aí, ʻoku fiemaʻu kiate kitautolu ʻa e ʻea, meʻakai, vai, mo ha ngaahi meʻa kehe koeʻuhi ka tau moʻui. ʻOku fiemaʻu kiate kitautolu ʻa e ngaahi meʻa ni ʻoku ʻikai ke ʻuliʻi pea ke feʻunga foki. Kuo ʻosi hoko, “ki he masivá, ko e ngaahi taʻu ʻo e valungofulu tupú ko e tuʻutāmaki fakalilifu, ko ha taimi ʻo e feʻamokaki ʻo e meʻakaí pea fakautuutu ʻa e tokolahi ʻo e kau maté,” ko e lau ia ʻa e State of the World 1990.

ʻI hono fakamanamanaʻi ʻa e faʻahinga ʻo e tangatá ʻi he ngaahi founga lahi, ʻe lava ʻe ha taha ke ne fakaʻikaiʻi ʻa e mātuʻaki fiemaʻu ha māmani foʻoú? Ka ko ha meʻa ia ʻe malava moʻoni? ʻE hoko mei he matavai fē ha māmani pehē? Ko e hā ʻa e ngaahi fakafaingataʻaʻia kuo pau ke lavaʻi ki muʻa kae lava ke toki pehē ko hotau palanité ʻoku malu mo fakatupu moʻui? Tau vakai angé.

[Fakamatala ʻi lalo]

[Maʻuʻanga ʻo e Tā ʻi he peesi 4]

WHO photo by P. Almasy