Mei he Māmani ko e Faʻeé ki he Ngaahi ʻOtua Fefine ʻo e Fakafanau

ʻOKÚ KE ʻiloʻi ʻa e ʻotua fefine ʻi he takafi ʻo e makasini ko ʻení? Ko ʻIsisi (Isis) ia, ko e ʻotua fefine ko e faʻeé ʻo ʻIsipite ʻo e kuonga muʻá. Kapau kuó ke ʻosi ʻaʻahi ki ha misiume pe kuó ke sio ʻi ha tohi ʻo e hisitōlia ʻo kau ki he kuonga muʻá, mahalo kuó ke ʻosi sio ʻi he ngaahi ʻaitoli ʻo hangē ko iá. Kaekehe, fakakaukau ange ki he meʻá ni: Te ke punou mo lotu ki he ʻotua fefine ko ʻIsisí?

Kapau ʻokú ke kau ki ha taha ʻo e ngaahi lotu ʻo e Puleʻanga-Haʻa-Kalisitiané, ʻe hā ko ha fehuʻi ngalikehe ʻeni. ʻE ngalingali te ke vivili ʻokú ke lotu ki he Tokotaha-fakatupú, ʻa e Tokotaha ʻoku fakalea ki ai, “Ko e mau Tamai oku i he lagi.” (Mātiu 6:​9, PM) ʻE hā ngalikehe nai, pe aʻu ʻo taukovi ʻa e fakakaukau ke punou ki ha ʻotua fefine ko e faʻeé. Ka neongo ia, ko e faʻahinga lotu peheé kuo mafolalahia ia ʻi he faai mai ʻa e hisitōliá, pea te ke ʻohovale nai ʻi hoʻo ʻilo pe ko hai ʻoku nau lotu ki he fuʻu ʻotua fefine ko e faʻeé ʻi he ʻahó ni.

Kaekehe, ki muʻa ke lave ki aí, tau ʻai ke maʻu ha mahino lahi ange ʻaki ʻa ʻetau lave ki he lahi ʻo e lotu ki he ʻotua fefine ko e faʻeé ʻi he ngaahi kuonga muʻá. ʻOku hā ko e founga lotu ko ʻení ko e ʻuluaki kamataʻanga ia ʻo e founga lotu loí. Ko e ngaahi tamapua mo e ngaahi ʻīmisi taʻe ʻi ai ha vala ʻo e ngaahi ʻotua fefine ko e faʻeé kuo maʻu hake ia mei he kelekelé ʻe he kau keli fakatotolo ʻi he ngaahi feituʻu ʻo e kuonga muʻá ʻi ʻIulope kotoa pea mei he ngaahi fonua ʻo e Meteteleniané ʻo aʻu ki ʻInitia.

Naʻe lau ʻa e Māmani ko e Faʻeé ko e matavai tuʻumaʻu ia ʻo e faʻahinga moʻui kotoa pē, ʻo ne foaki ʻa e moʻuí pea toki toe maʻu kiate ia ʻi he maté. ʻI heʻene peheé, naʻe fai ki ai ʻa e lotú ka naʻe toe manavaheeʻi foki. ʻI hono kamataʻangá, naʻe tui ʻa e kakaí ko hono ngaahi ivi fakafanaú naʻe fai pē ia ʻiate ia pē. Pea ʻi he fakatatau ki he fanangá, naʻá ne fanauʻi ʻa e Langi ko e Tamaí peá ne hoko ko hono uaifi. Pea naʻe fanauʻi ʻe he ongo meʻa ko ʻení ha ngaahi ʻotua mo e ngaahi ʻotua fefine kehe taʻefaʻalaua.

Ko e ʻUluaki Sīpinga Faka-Pāpiloné

ʻI he ngaahi ʻotua lahi ʻo Pāpiloné, ko ʻIsitā (Ishtar) ko e ʻotua fefine lahí ia, ʻo tatau mo e ʻotua fefine ʻo e fakafanaú ko ʻInana ʻo e kau Sumēliá. Ko e lea ʻoku ngali vale, ka ʻoku moʻoni pē, naʻe fakatou hoko ʻa ʻIsitā ko e ʻotua fefine ʻo e tau mo e ʻotua fefine ʻo e ʻofa mo e manako ki he fiefia fakakakanó. Naʻe pehē ʻe he tokotaha poto mataotao Falanisē ko Édouard Dhorme ʻi heʻene tohi ko e Les Religions de Babylonie et d’Assyrie (Ko e Ngaahi Lotu ʻo Pāpilone mo ʻAsīliá), ʻo kau kia ʻIsitā: “Ko e ʻotua fefine ia, ko e fefine, ko e faʻē mohu meesi ʻokú ne fakafanongo ki he ngaahi lotú peá ne hūfia ʻi he ʻao ʻo e ngaahi ʻotua ʻoku ʻita mo fakafiemālieʻi kinautolu. . . . Naʻe ʻohake ia ʻo māʻolunga ʻiate kinautolu kotoa, naʻe hoko ia ko e ʻotua fefine ʻo e ngaahi ʻotua fefine, ko e kuini ia ʻo e ngaahi ʻotua hono kotoa pē, ko e pule aoniu ia ʻo e ngaahi ʻotua ʻo hēvani mo māmaní.”

Ko e kau lotu kia ʻIsitaá naʻa nau lave kiate ia “ko e Tāupoʻou,” “Tāupoʻou Māʻoniʻoni,” mo e “Faʻē Tāupoʻou.” ʻOku pehē ʻe he “Lotu ʻo e Tangilaulau kia ʻIsitā” mei Sumēlia mo ʻAkatia ʻo e kuonga muʻá: “ʻOku ou lotu ki he feituʻú na, ʻa e Fefine ʻo e kau fefine, ʻotua fefine ʻo e ngaahi ʻotua fefine. ʻE ʻIsitā ē, ko e kuini ʻo e kakai hono kotoa pē. . . . ʻOku ʻoʻou ʻa e mālohi fakaʻotua kotoa pē, ʻokú ke ʻai ʻa e kalauni ʻo e pule. . . . ʻOku fai ʻa e tokanga kiate koe ʻe he ngaahi fale lotu siʻi, ngaahi potu māʻoniʻoni, ngaahi feituʻu toputapu, mo e ngaahi fale toputapu. . . . Ko fē ʻa e feituʻu ʻoku ʻikai ke faʻu ha meʻa ʻi ho fōtungá? . . . Sio mai kiate au ʻa ʻeku Faʻē; tali ʻa ʻeku ngaahi lotu.”a

Mafola Atu ʻa e Lotu ki he ʻOtua Fefine ko e Faʻeé

Ko ha mataotao ʻi he sivilaise ʻo ʻĒsiá ko Édouard Dhorme ʻokú ne lea ʻo kau ki he “fakalahi ange ʻo e lotu kia ʻIsitā.” Naʻe mafola atu ia ʻi Mesopotēmia, pea ko ʻIsitā tonu pē pe ko e ngaahi ʻotua fefine ʻoku hingoa kehekehe ka ko e ngaahi ʻulungaanga meimei tatau pē naʻe fai ki ai ʻa e lotú ʻi ʻIsipite, Finisia, mo Kēnani, pea pehē ki Anatolia (ʻĒsia Minu), Kalisi, mo ʻĪtali.

Ko e ʻotua fefine ko e faʻeé tuʻu-ki-muʻa naʻe fai ki ai ʻa e lotu ʻi ʻIsipité ko ʻIsisi. Naʻe tohi ʻe he fai hisitōlia ko H. G. Wells: “Naʻe tohoaki ʻe ʻIsisi ʻa e kau mateaki tokolahi, ʻa ia naʻa nau tukupā ʻenau moʻuí kiate iá. Naʻe tuʻu hono ngaahi ʻīmisí ʻi he temipalé, ʻo fakakalauni ia ko e Kuini ʻo Hēvani pea ʻokú ne fua ʻa e kiʻi valevale tangata ko Holusi (Horus) ʻi hono nimá. Naʻe tutu ʻa e ngaahi teʻelango ʻo tafe hifo ʻi hono ʻaó, pea ʻoku tautau takai ʻi he fale toputapú ʻa e ngaahi feilaulau teʻelango.” (The Outline of History) Ko e lotu kia ʻIsisí naʻe fuʻu lahi hono fai ia ʻi ʻIsipité. Naʻe toe mafola atu ia ʻi he feituʻu Meteteleniané, fakatautautefito ki Kalisi mo Loma, pea naʻe aʻu ki he hihifo mo e tokelau ʻo ʻIulope.

ʻI Finisia mo Kēnani, naʻe fakahanga ʻa e lotu ki he ʻotua fefine ko e faʻeé ko ʻAsiteloti (Ashtoreth), pe ʻAsitāte (Astarte), ʻa ia ʻoku pehē ko e uaifi ia ʻo Pēalí. ʻOku hangē ia ko hono hoa tatau ʻi Pāpilone, ko ʻIsitā, naʻe hoko ʻa ʻAsitāte ʻo fakatou ʻotua fefine ki he fakafanau mo e tau. ʻI ʻIsipite kuo maʻu ai ha ngaahi lea kuo tohi tongi ʻi he kuonga muʻá ʻa ia ʻoku ui ai ʻa ʻAsitāte ko e fefine ʻo hēvani mo e kuini ʻo hēvani. Naʻe pau ke kau ʻa e kau ʻIsilelí ʻi he faitau maʻu pē mo e tākiekina fakaololalo ʻo e lotu ki he ʻotua fefine ko eni ʻo e fakafanaú.

Ki he tokelau hihifo ʻo Anatoliá, ko e tatau ai ʻo ʻIsitaá ko Sipele (Cybele) naʻe ʻiloa ia ko e Faʻē Lahi ʻo e ngaahi ʻotuá. Naʻe toe ʻiloa foki ia ko e Tupuʻanga ʻo e meʻa hono kotoa, Tokotaha Fafanga ʻo e meʻa kotoa, ko e Faʻē ʻa e kau Monūʻia kotoa. Naʻe mafola ʻa e faʻahinga lotu kia Sipelé mei Anatolia ʻo ʻuluaki ki Kalisi pea toki hoko atu ai ki Loma, ʻa ia kuo aʻu mai ai ki he Kuonga Lolotonga. Naʻe kau ki he lotu ki he ʻotua fefine ko ʻeni ʻo e fakafanaú ʻa e ngaahi hula taʻemapuleʻi, tafatafaʻi pē ʻe he kau taulaʻeikí ʻa kinautolu, ko e faʻahinga naʻe teu ke hoko ko e kau taulaʻeikí naʻa nau pokaʻi pē kinautolu, pea mo e ngaahi laka ʻa ia naʻe fua ai ʻi he fakalāngilangi lahi ʻaupito ʻa e ʻīmisi ʻo e ʻotua fefiné.b

Ko e kakai Kalisi ʻo e kuonga muʻá naʻa nau lotu ki ha ʻotua fefine ko e Māmani ko e Faʻeé naʻe ui ko Keia (Gaea.) Ka naʻe hoko ʻo kau ki heʻenau ngaahi ʻotua kehekehé ʻa e faʻahinga ʻotua fefine hangē ko ʻIsitaá, ʻo hangē ko ʻAfolotite (Aphrodite) ko e ʻotua fefine ʻo e fakafanaú mo e ʻofa; ko ʻAtena (Athena), ko e ʻotua fefine ki he tau; pea mo Timita (Demeter) ko e ʻotua fefine ki he ngoue.

ʻI Loma, ko Vēnusi ko e ʻotua fefine ia ʻo e ʻofá, pea ʻi heʻene hoko ʻo peheé naʻe fehoanaki ai ia mo ʻAfolotite ʻo Kalisí mo ʻIsitā ʻo Pāpiloné. Kaekehe, ko e kau Lomá, naʻa nau lotu foki ki he ngaahi ʻotua fefine ko ʻIsisi, Sipele, mo Mineva (Minerva), (ko ʻAtena ʻo e kau Kalisí), ko e kotoa ʻo kinautolu naʻa nau fakahāhā ʻi ha faʻahinga founga ʻa e ʻuluaki sīpinga faka-Pāpiloné ko ʻIsitā.

ʻOku hā mahino, ʻi he ngaahi taʻu ʻe laui afe, ko e lotu ki he ʻotua fefine ko e faʻeé ko ha fakavahaʻa mālohi ia ki he lotu maʻa ʻo e Tokotaha-fakatupu lahi, ko Sihová. Kuo mole atu ʻa e lotu ki he ʻotua fefine lahi ko e faʻeé? Pe, kuó ne hao mai ʻo aʻu mai ki he ʻahó ni? Kātaki ʻo hoko atu ʻa hoʻo laú.

[Fakamatala ʻi lalo]

[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 3]

Ko ʻISITĀ ʻo Pāpiloné kuo fakasino ia ko ha fetuʻu

[Maʻuʻanga ʻo e Tā]

Courtesy of The British Museum

[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 4]

Ko ʻISISI ʻo ʻIsipité mo e ʻotua valevale ko Holusi

[Maʻuʻanga ʻo e Tā]

Musée du Louvre, Paris