Ko ha Liliu Tohitapu Naʻá Ne Liliuʻi ʻa e Māmaní

ʻI he taimi naʻe kamata ai ke tohi ʻe he palōfita ʻa e ʻOtuá ko Mōsesé ʻa e Tohitapú laka hake he taʻu ʻe 3,500 kuohilí, ko ha kiʻi puleʻanga siʻisiʻi pē ʻe taha naʻe lava ke ne lau iá. (Teutalonome 7:7) Naʻe peheé koeʻuhi he naʻe ala maʻu ʻa e ngaahi Konga Tohitapú ʻi he muʻaki lea faka-Hepelū pē ʻa e puleʻanga ko iá. Kae kehe, ʻe liliu ʻa e meʻa ko iá ia ʻi he faai mai ʻa e taimí.

KO E mafola ʻa e pōpoaki ʻo e Tohitapú mo ʻene tākiekina moʻoni ʻi he kotoa ʻo e ngaahi senitulí ko e ola lahi ia ʻo hono ʻuluaki liliú​—ʻa e Sepituakiní. Ko e hā naʻe faʻu ai iá? Pea ʻe lava moʻoni ke pehē ko ha Tohitapu eni naʻá ne liliuʻi ʻa e māmaní?

Ko ha Liliu Fakamānavaʻi?

Hili honau fakaheeʻi ki Pāpilone he lolotonga ʻa e senituli hono fitu mo e ono K.M., naʻe nofo pē ʻa e kau Siu tokolahi ia ʻi tuʻa he fonua ʻo ʻIsileli mo Siuta ʻo e kuonga muʻá. Ki he kau Siu naʻe fanauʻi ʻi he takihēʻí, naʻe hoko ʻa e lea faka-Hepeluú ia ko ha lea hono ua. ʻI he aʻu mai ki he senituli hono tolu K.M., naʻe ʻi ai ha nofoʻanga Siu ʻi ʻAlekisanitulia, ʻIsipite​—ʻa ia ko ha senitā fakafonua lahi ia ʻo e ʻEmipaea Kalisí. Naʻe sio ʻa e kau Siu ko iá ki he mahuʻinga ʻo hono liliu ʻa e ngaahi Konga Tohitapu Toputapú ki he lea faka-Kalisí, ʻa ia ko ʻenau lea fakafonua ia he taimi ko iá.

ʻI he aʻu mai ki he taimi ko iá, naʻe lēkooti ʻa e pōpoaki fakamānavaʻi ʻo e Tohitapú ʻi he lea faka-Hepeluú, mo e fanga kiʻi konga iiki ʻi he lea felāveʻi ofi faka-Alameá. ʻE hanga ʻe he fakahaaʻi ʻo e Folofola ʻa e ʻOtuá ʻi ha lea kehé ʻo fakasiʻisiʻi ʻa e ngaahi ola lelei mālohi ʻo e fakamānavaʻi fakaʻotuá, ʻo aʻu pē nai ki hono tākiekina atu ki hano liliuhalaʻi? ʻE lava ʻe he kau Siu ko ia kuo tuku ki ai ʻa e Folofola fakamānavaʻí, ʻo fakaʻatā kinautolu ki he tuʻunga fakatuʻutāmaki ko ia ʻo hano fakaʻuhingahalaʻi ʻa e pōpoakí fakafou ʻi hono liliú?​—Sāme 147:​19, 20; Loma 3:​1, 2.

Naʻe fakatupunga ʻe he ngaahi ʻīsiu pelepelengesi ko ení ʻa e tailiili. Ka, ko e hohaʻa ia naʻa faifai pea ʻikai toe mahino ki he kau Siú ʻa e Folofola ʻa e ʻOtuá naʻe iku ʻo mālohi ai ia ʻi he ngaahi fakakaukau kehe kotoa pē. Naʻe fai leva ha fili ke teuteu ha liliu faka-Kalisi ʻo e Tolá​—ʻa e ʻuluaki ngaahi tohi ʻe nima ʻo e Tohitapú, ʻa ia naʻe tohi ʻe Mōsesé. Ko e founga ʻo hono fakahoko ʻo e liliú tonu kuo fakaʻuliʻulilātaiʻi ia ʻe he talatupuʻá. Fakatatau ki he Letter of Aristeas, ko e tokotaha pule ʻIsipite ko Ptolemy II (285-​246 K.M.) naʻá ne fiemaʻu ha tatau ʻo e Penitātusí (pe Tola) ke liliu ki he lea faka-Kalisí maʻa ʻene laipeli fakatuʻí. Naʻá ne fekauʻi ha kau mataotao Siu ʻe toko 72, ʻa ia naʻa nau haʻu ki ʻIsipite mei ʻIsileli ʻo nau fakakakato ʻa hono liliú ʻi he ʻaho ʻe 72. Naʻe toki lau leva ʻa e liliu ko ení ki he nofoʻanga Siú, ʻa ia naʻa nau fakahaaʻi ʻoku fakatou fakaʻofoʻofa ia mo totonu. Ki mui ai, ko e ngaahi teuteu ʻo e fakamatalá ni naʻe pehē tokua ko e tokotaha liliu taki taha naʻe tuku ia ʻi ha loki mavahe, kae hili ko iá naʻe faitatau pē ʻenau ngaahi liliú, ʻa e mataʻitohi ki he mataʻitohi. Koeʻuhi ko e talatukufakaholo fekauʻaki mo e kau liliu-lea nai ʻe toko 72, ko e liliu Tohitapu faka-Kalisi ko ení naʻe hoko ʻo ʻiloa ia ko e Sepituakiní, naʻe makatuʻunga ia ʻi ha foʻi lea faka-Latina ko hono ʻuhingá ko e “Fitungofulu.”

Ko e tokolahi taha ʻo e kau mataotao ʻi he ʻaho ní ʻoku nau loto-tatau ko e Letter of Aristeas ko ha tohi taʻemoʻoni ia. ʻOku nau toe tui ko e tomuʻa feinga ki hono liliú naʻe hoko mai ia ʻo ʻikai meia Ptolemy II, kae mei he kau taki ʻo e nofoʻanga Siu ʻi ʻAlekisanituliá. Kae kehe, ko e ngaahi tohi ʻa e filōsefa Siu ʻi ʻAlekisanitulia ko Filó pea mo e faihisitōlia Siu ko Siosefusí pea pehē foki ki he Talamatá ʻoku nau fakahāhā kotoa ha tui fakalūkufua ʻi he lotolotonga ʻo e kau Siu ʻi he ʻuluaki senitulí ko e Sepituakiní naʻe fakamānavaʻi ia ʻi he tuʻunga tatau pē mo e ngaahi muʻaki Konga Tohitapú. Ko e ngaahi tui peheé naʻe ʻikai ha veiveiua ko e ola ia ʻo ha feinga ke ʻai ʻa e Sepituakiní ke tali ʻe he nofoʻanga Siú ʻi māmani lahi.

Neongo ko e fuofua liliú naʻe fekauʻaki pē ia mo e tohi ʻe nima ʻa Mōsesé, ko e hingoa Sepituakiní naʻe iku ʻo ngāueʻaki ia ki he Ngaahi Konga Tohitapu Faka-Hepelū kotoa naʻe liliu ki he lea faka-Kalisí. Ko e toenga ʻo e ngaahi tohí naʻe liliu ia lolotonga ʻa e taʻu ʻe teau hono hokó pe ofi ki ai. ʻI he ʻikai hoko ko ha feinga naʻe fai fakatahaʻi, ko e faʻu ʻo e Sepituakiní fakakātoa ko ha lavameʻa fakakongokonga ia. Ko e kau liliú naʻa nau kehekehe ʻi heʻenau ngaahi malavá mo e ʻilo ki he lea faka-Hepeluú. Ko e lahi taha ʻo e ngaahi tohí naʻe liliu fakafoʻilea, ʻo fuʻu tōtuʻa ʻi he taimi ʻe niʻihi, lolotonga ia naʻe mātuʻaki fai tauʻatāina ʻa e ngaahi liliu kehé ia. Ko ha ngaahi tohi siʻi ʻoku kei ʻi ai hono ngaahi liliu lōloa mo e nounou fakatouʻosi. ʻI he aʻu mai ki he ngataʻanga ʻo e senituli hono ua K.M., ko e kotoa ʻo e tohi ʻo e Ngaahi Konga Tohitapu Faka-Hepeluú naʻe lava ke lau ia ʻi he lea faka-Kalisí. Neongo ʻa e ngaahi ola kehekehé, ko e ola ʻo e liliu ʻo e Ngaahi Konga Tohitapu Faka-Hepeluú ki he faka-Kalisí naʻe mahulu lahi atu ia ʻi he meʻa naʻe lava ke ʻamanekina ʻe he kau liliu-leá.

Sēfeti ʻi he Ngaahi Tēniti ʻo Semí?

ʻI he lāulea ki he Sepituakiní ʻoku hiki ʻe he Talamatá ʻa e Senesi 9:​27: “Ke . . . ʻa Sefeti; . . . ke ne nofo he ngaahi teniti ʻo Semi.” (Megillah 9e, Talamata faka-Pāpiloné) Ko e Talamatá ʻoku fakahuʻunga fakaefakatātā ai fakafou ʻi he fakaʻofoʻofa ʻo e lea faka-Kalisi ʻo e Sepituakiní, ko Sēfeti (ʻa e tamai ʻa Iavani, ʻa ia naʻe tukuʻau mai mei ai ʻa e kau Kalisí) naʻe nofo ia ʻi he ngaahi tēniti ʻo Semí (ʻa e kui ʻa e puleʻanga ʻo ʻIsilelí). Kae kehe, ʻe lava ke toe pehē fakafou ʻi he Sepituakiní, naʻe nofo ʻa Semi ʻi he ngaahi tēniti ʻo Sēfetí. ʻO anga-fēfē?

Hili ʻa e ngaahi ikuna ʻa ʻAlekisānita ko e Lahí, ʻi he konga ki mui ʻo e senituli hono faá K.M., naʻe fai ai ha feinga lahi ke fakamafola ʻa e lea mo e anga fakafonua faka-Kalisí ʻi he ngaahi fonua kotoa naʻe ikunaʻí. Ko e palani ko ení naʻe ui ia ko e Fakaului-Kalisí. Naʻe ongoʻi ʻe he kau Siú kuo ʻohofia hokohoko kinautolu fekauʻaki mo e anga fakafonuá. Kapau ʻe ikuna ʻa e anga fakafonua mo e filōsofia faka-Kalisí, ʻe fakavaivaiʻi ʻa e lotu tonu ʻa e kau Siú. Ko e hā ʻe lava ke ne fakangata ʻa e mafola ʻa e ʻohofia ko ení?

Fekauʻaki mo e taumuʻa nai ʻe taha ki hono liliu ʻe he kau Siú ʻa e Sepituakiní, ʻoku fakamatala ha tokotaha liliu Tohitapu Siu ko Max Margolis: “Kapau ʻe lava ke tau tuku ko e kakai Siú naʻa nau palani iá, naʻe mei kau ki ai ha toe taumuʻa ia ʻe taha, ʻa ia, ko hono fakaʻatā ia ʻa e Lao faka-Siú ki he kakai Senitailé pea mo fakatuipau ki he māmaní ʻoku maʻu ʻe he kau Siú ha anga fakafonua ʻa ia ʻoku feʻauhi mo e poto ʻo Hellas [Kalisí].” ʻI hono ʻai ko ia ʻa e Ngaahi Konga Tohitapu Faka-Hepeluú ke ala maʻu ʻe he māmani ʻo e lea faka-Kalisí naʻe mei hoko ai ia fakatouʻosi ko ha founga ʻo e maluʻi mo ha ʻoho fakafoki.

Ko e palani ʻo e Fakaului-Kalisi ʻa ʻAlekisānitá naʻá ne ʻai ai ʻa e lea faka-Kalisí ko e lea fakavahaʻapuleʻanga ia ʻa e māmaní. Naʻa mo e taimi naʻe ikunaʻi ai hono puleʻangá ʻe he kau Lomá, ko e lea faka-Kalisi anga-mahení (pe, Koine) naʻe kei hoko pē ia ko e lea ia ʻi he pisinisí mo e fetuʻutaki ʻi he ngaahi puleʻangá. Pe ko e ola eni mei ha feinga ʻosi fakakaukauʻi pe ko ha tupulaki fakaenatula pē, naʻe vave ʻa e aʻu ʻa e liliu Sepituakini ʻo e Ngaahi Konga Tohitapu Faka-Hepeluú ki he ngaahi ʻapi mo e loto ʻo e tokolahi ʻikai ko e Siu naʻe ʻikai te nau maheni ki muʻa mo e ʻOtuá pea mo e Lao ʻa e kau Siú. Naʻe fakaofo ʻa hono ngaahi olá.

Kau Ului-Siú mo e Kau Manavahē-ʻOtuá

ʻI he aʻu mai ki he ʻuluaki senituli T.S., naʻe lava ai ke tohi ʻe Filo ko e “fakaʻofoʻofa mo e ngeia ʻo e tuʻunga faʻu-lao ʻa Mōsesé ʻoku fakalāngilangiʻi ia ʻo ʻikai ʻi he lotolotonga pē ʻo e kau Siú, kae pehē foki ʻi he ngaahi puleʻanga kehé kotoa.” Fekauʻaki mo e kau Siu naʻe nofo ʻi tuʻa Pālesitaine ʻi he ʻuluaki senitulí, ʻoku pehē ʻe he faihisitōlia Siu ko Joseph Klausner: “ʻOku faingataʻa ke tui ko e kotoa ʻo e laui miliona ko eni ʻo e kau Siú kuo nofo fakatahatahá ko ʻenau ō mai mei kiʻi Pālesitaine pē taha. Heʻikai lava ke fakaʻikaiʻi ʻe ha taha ko e tupulekina lahi ko ení ko e toe hoko mai ia mei hono tali ʻo e fuʻu kau ului-Siu ko e kau tangata mo e kau fefine tokolahi.”

Kae kehe, ko e ngaahi poini fakaueʻiloto ko ení ʻoku ʻikai te nau ʻomai kakato ʻa e talanoá. ʻOku pehē ʻe he faʻu-tohi ko Shaye J. D. Cohen, ko e palōfesa ia ʻo e hisitōlia faka-Siú: “Ko e kau Senitaile tokolahi, fakatouʻosi ʻa e tangata mo e fefine, naʻa nau ului ki he lotu faka-Siú lolotonga ʻa e ngaahi senituli fakaʻosi K.M. pea mo e ongo ʻuluaki senituli T.S. Kae kehe, ʻoku toe tokolahi ange ʻa e kau senitaile ia naʻa nau tali ʻa e ngaahi tafaʻaki ʻe niʻihi ʻo e lotu faka-Siú kae ʻikai te nau ului ki aí.” ʻOku fakatou lave ʻa Klausner mo Cohen ki he kau taʻeului ko ení ko e kau manavahē-ʻOtua, ko ha kupuʻi lea ia ʻoku faʻa toutou ʻasi ʻi he tohi faka-Kalisi ʻo e taimi ko iá.

Ko e hā ʻa e faikehekehe ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo ha tokotaha ului-Siu mo ha tokotaha manavahē-ʻOtua? Ko e kau ului-Siú ko e kau ului kakato, ʻo lau kinautolu ko e kau Siu ʻi he ʻuhinga kotoa pē koeʻuhi naʻa nau tali ʻa e ʻOtua ʻo ʻIsilelí (ʻo talitekeʻi ʻa e ngaahi ʻotua kehe kotoa pē), ʻo nau fou ʻi he kamú, pea fakakau atu kinautolu ki he puleʻanga ʻo ʻIsilelí. ʻI hono kehé, ʻoku pehē ʻe Cohen fekauʻaki mo e kau manavahē-ʻOtuá: “Neongo ko e kau Senitailé ni naʻa nau tauhi ha tōʻonga faka-Siu pē pea fakaʻapaʻapaʻi ʻi ha founga pē ʻa e ʻOtua ʻo e kau Siú, naʻe ʻikai te nau vakai kiate kinautolu ko e kau Siu, pea naʻe ʻikai sio kiate kinautolu ʻa e niʻihi kehé ko e kau Siu.” ʻOku fakamatalaʻi kinautolu ʻe Klausner ko e kau “tuʻu ʻi loto-mālie,” he naʻa nau tali ʻa e lotu faka-Siú pea “tauhi ha konga ʻo ʻene ngaahi anga fakafonuá, ka . . . naʻe ʻikai te nau hoko ko e kau Siu fakaʻaufuli.”

Mahalo pē naʻe hoko ʻa e niʻihi ʻo mahuʻingaʻia ʻi he ʻOtuá koeʻuhi ko e fetalanoaʻaki mo e kau Siu naʻa nau kau ʻi he ngāue fakamisinalé pe ko ʻenau vakai ki heʻenau kehe ʻi he ʻulungāngá, anga fakafonuá mo e tōʻongá. Neongo ia, ko e Sepituakiní ko e meʻangāue tefito ia naʻá ne tokoniʻi ʻa e kau manavahē-ʻOtua ko ení ke nau ako fekauʻaki mo Sihova ko e ʻOtuá. Lolotonga ʻoku ʻikai ha founga ke ʻiloʻi ai ʻa e fika pau ʻo e kau manavahē-ʻOtua ʻi he ʻuluaki senitulí, ʻoku ʻikai ha veiveiua ʻa hono fakamafola ʻe he Sepituakiní ha ʻilo fekauʻaki mo e ʻOtuá ʻi he kotoa ʻo e ʻEmipaea Lomá. Fakafou ʻi he Sepituakiní, naʻe toe fakatoka foki ai ha makatuʻunga mahuʻinga.

Naʻe Tokoni ʻa e Sepituakiní ke Teuteu ʻa e Halá

Naʻe ʻiloa ʻa e kaunga ʻa e Sepituakiní ʻi hono fakamafola ʻa e pōpoaki ʻo e lotu faka-Kalisitiané. Ko e kau Siu lea faka-Kalisi tokolahi naʻa nau ʻi he lotolotonga ʻo e faʻahinga ko ia naʻa nau ʻi ai ʻi hono fokotuʻu ʻo e fakatahaʻanga Kalisitiané ʻi he Penitekosi ʻo e 33 T.S. Naʻe toe kau foki ʻa e kau ului-Siú ʻi he lotolotonga ʻo e faʻahinga ko ia naʻa nau hoko ko e kau ākonga ʻa Kalaisi ʻi he muʻaki ʻalunga ko iá. (Ngāue 2:​5-​11; 6:​1-6; 8:​26-​38) Koeʻuhi naʻe fakahangahanga ʻa e ngaahi tohi fakamānavaʻi ʻa e kau ʻapositolo ʻa Sīsuú mo e muʻaki kau ākonga kehé ki he tokolahi taha ʻo e kau fanongo ʻe ala lavá, naʻe hiki kinautolu ʻi he lea faka-Kalisí.a Ko ia ai, ko e ngaahi fakamatala naʻe toʻo mei he Ngaahi Konga Tohitapu Faka-Hepeluú ʻa ia ʻoku hā ʻi he Ngaahi Konga Tohitapu Faka-Kalisi Kalisitiané naʻe makatuʻunga ia ʻi he Sepituakiní.

Ko e niʻihi kehe tuku kehe ʻa e kau Siu totonú mo e kau ului-Siú naʻa nau mateuteu ke tali ʻa e pōpoaki ʻo e Puleʻangá. Ko e Senitaile ko Koliniusí ko ha “toko taha lotu moʻoni pea ʻapasia ki he ʻOtua, ʻe ia mo hono fale kotoa, ʻo lahi ʻene fai ʻofa ki he kakai Isileli naʻe tuʻutamaki; pea ko e toko taha naʻe lotu ki he ʻOtua maʻu ai pē.” ʻI he 36 T.S., ko Koliniusi, ko hono fāmilí, mo e niʻihi kehe ʻa ia naʻa nau fakatahataha ʻi hono ʻapí ko e ʻuluaki kau Senitaile ia naʻe papitaiso ko e kau muimui ʻo Kalaisí. (Ngāue 10:​1, 2, 24, 44-​48; fakafehoanaki mo Luke 7:​2-​10.) ʻI he taimi naʻe fononga holo ai ʻa e ʻapositolo ko Paulá ʻi he kotoa ʻo ʻĒsia Minu mo Kalisí, naʻá ne malanga ai ki he kau Senitaile tokolahi ʻa ia naʻa nau ʻosi manavahē ki he ʻOtuá pehē foki ki he “kau Kalisi kuo lotu fakasiu.” (Ngāue 13:​16, 26; 17:4) Ko e hā naʻe mateuteu ai ʻa Koliniusi mo e kau Senitaile kehé ke tali ʻa e ongoongo leleí? Naʻe tokoni ʻa e Sepituakiní ki hono teuteu ʻa e halá. ʻOku fakamahalo ʻa e mataotao ʻe taha ko e Sepituakiní “ko ha tohi ia ʻoku mahuʻinga makehe ʻa ia ka mavahe mei ai ʻe ʻikai maʻu ha mahino fakatouʻosi ʻe Puleʻanga-Haʻa-Kalisitiane pea mo e anga fakafonua ʻo e uēsité.”

ʻOku Mole mei he Sepituakiní Hono “Fakamānavaʻí”

Ko e ngāueʻaki lahi ʻo e Sepituakiní naʻe faifai atu pē ʻo ne fakatupunga ha fakafetau ʻi he lotolotonga ʻo e kau Siú. Ko e fakatātaá, ʻi he fetalanoaʻaki mo e kau Kalisitiané, naʻe taukaveʻi ʻe he kau Siú ko e Sepituakiní ko ha liliu fehālaaki. ʻI he aʻu mai ki he senituli hono uá T.S., naʻe talitekeʻi fakaʻaufuli ai ʻe he kakai Siú ia ʻa e liliu ko ia naʻe fakahīkihikiʻi ki muʻa ʻo pehē naʻe fakamānavaʻí. Naʻe talitekeʻi ʻe he kau lāpaí ʻa e talatupuʻa ko ia ʻo e kau liliu ʻe toko 72, ʻo pehē: “Naʻe hoko ʻi ha taimi ʻa hono tohi ʻe he kau mātuʻa ʻe toko nima ʻa e Tolá maʻa Tuʻi Ptolemy ʻi he lea faka-Kalisí, pea ko e ʻaho fakaʻamanakikovi ia ki he kau ʻIsilelí ʻo hangē ko e ʻaho ko ia naʻe ngaohi ai ʻa e ʻuhikiʻi pulu koulá, koeʻuhi naʻe ʻikai lava ke liliu totonu ʻa e Tolá.” Ke fakapapauʻi ʻa e felotoi fefeka ange mo e ngaahi fakakaukau ʻa e kau lāpaí, naʻe fakamafaiʻi ai ʻe he kau lāpaí ke fai ha liliu foʻou ki he lea faka-Kalisí. Naʻe fakahoko ia ʻi he senituli hono uá T.S. ʻe ha ului-Siu ko hono hingoá ko ʻAkuila, ko ha ākonga ʻa e lāpai ko ʻĀkipa.

Naʻe tuku ʻa hono ngāueʻaki ʻo e Sepituakiní ʻe he kau Siú, ka naʻe hoko ia ko e makatuʻunga ʻo e “Fuakava Motuʻa” ʻa e Siasi Katolika naʻe toki fokotuʻú ʻo aʻu ki hono toki fetongi ia ʻe he Vulgate faka-Latina ʻa Jerome. Neongo ʻe ʻikai ʻaupito lava ʻe ha liliu ia ʻo fetongi ʻa e muʻaki tataú, naʻe fakahoko ʻe he Sepituakiní ia ha ngafa mahuʻinga ʻi hono fakamafola ʻa e ʻilo fekauʻaki mo Sihova ko e ʻOtuá pea mo hono Puleʻanga fakafou ʻia Sīsū Kalaisí. Ko e moʻoni, ko e Sepituakiní ko ha liliu Tohitapu ia naʻá ne liliuʻi ʻa e māmaní.

[Fakamatala ʻi lalo]

[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 31]

Ko e “Sepituakiní” naʻe mahino ia ki he kakai tokolahi ʻa ia naʻe malanga ki ai ʻa Paulá

[Maʻuʻanga ʻo e Tā ʻi he peesi 29]

Courtesy of Israel Antiquities Authority