Maluʻi Fakalao ʻa e Ongoongo Leleí

TALU PĒ mei hono langa ʻe he tangatá ʻa e ngaahi koló, mo ʻene langa ʻa e ngaahi ʻā. Tautefito ʻi he ngaahi ʻaho kuohilí, ko e ngaahi kelikolo ko ení ko ha maluʻi. Mei ʻolunga ʻi he fakangatangataʻanga ko ení, ʻoku lava ke faitau mei ai ʻa e kau tau maluʻí ke maluʻi ʻa e ngaahi ʻaá mei hano avangi pe keli ʻe he kau ʻohofí. Naʻe ʻikai ngata pē ʻi he maʻu ai ʻe he kau nofoʻi ʻo e koló ʻa e maluʻangá ka naʻe faʻa maʻu ʻe he faʻahinga ko ia ʻoku nofo ʻi he ngaahi kolo takatakaí ʻa e hūfangaʻanga ʻi loto ʻi he ngaahi ʻaá.​—2 Samiuela 11:​20-​24; Aisea 25:12.

ʻI he tuʻunga meimei tatau, kuo langa ai ʻe he Kau Fakamoʻoni ʻa Sihová ha ʻā​—ko ha ʻā fakalao​—ʻo e maluʻi. Kuo ʻikai fokotuʻu ʻa e ʻā ko ení ke fakamavaheʻi ai ʻa e Kau Fakamoʻoní mei he toenga ʻo e sōsaietí, he ʻoku ʻiloa ʻa e Kau Fakamoʻoni ʻa Sihová ʻi heʻenau hoko ko e kakai fakafeohi, mo anga-fakakaumeʻa. Ka, ʻokú ne ʻai ke mālohi ʻa e ngaahi fakapapauʻiʻanga fakalao ʻo e tauʻatāina tefito maʻá e kakai kotoa pē. ʻI he taimi tatau, ʻokú ne maluʻi ʻa e totonu fakalao ʻa e Kau Fakamoʻoní koeʻuhi kae lava ke nau fakahoko tauʻatāina ʻenau lotú. (Fakafehoanaki mo Mātiu 5:​14-16.) ʻOku maluʻi ʻe he ʻā ko ení ʻenau founga lotú mo ʻenau totonu ke malangaʻi ʻa e ongoongo lelei ʻo e Puleʻanga ʻo e ʻOtuá. Ko e hā ʻa e ʻā ko ení, pea kuo anga-fēfē ʻa hono langá?

Langa ʻo ha ʻĀ Fakalao ʻo e Maluʻi

Neongo ʻoku fiefia ʻa e Kau Fakamoʻoni ʻa Sihová ʻi he tauʻatāina fakalotú he lahi taha ʻo e ngaahi fonuá, ʻi he ngaahi fonua ʻe niʻihi, kuo nau hoko kinautolu ai ko e meʻa ke ʻohofi taʻetotonu. ʻI he taimi ʻoku poleʻi ai ʻenau tauʻatāina ke lotu ʻaki ʻenau fakatahataha fakatahá pe mei heʻenau malanga fale ki he falé, ʻoku nau fekumi leva ai ki he ngaahi meʻa fakalaó. Kuo aʻu ʻa e lahi ʻo e ngaahi keisi fakalao fekauʻaki mo e Kau Fakamoʻoní ki he laui afé ʻi māmani lahi.a Kuo ʻikai ke ikuna kotoa. Ka ʻi he taimi ʻoku tuʻutuʻuni fakafepakiʻi ai kinautolu ʻe he ngaahi fakamaauʻanga māʻulalo angé, ʻoku nau faʻa tangi leva ki he ngaahi fakamaauʻanga māʻolunga angé. Ko e hā hono olá?

ʻI he faai mai ʻa e laui hongofuluʻi taʻu ʻo e senituli hono 20, kuo fokotuʻu ai ʻe he ngaahi ikuna fakalao ʻi he ngaahi fonua lahi, ʻa e ngaahi falala tōmuʻa ki he ngaahi keisi hokohoko kuo tangi ki ai ʻa e Kau Fakamoʻoni ʻa Sihová. Hangē ko e ngaahi foʻi piliki pe maka ʻoku faʻu ʻaki ha ʻaá, ko e ngaahi tuʻutuʻuni lelei ko ení ʻoku fokotuʻu ai ha ʻā fakalao ʻo e maluʻí. Mei ʻolunga mei he ʻā ko eni kuo fokotuʻu tōmuʻá, kuo hokohoko atu mei ai ʻa e faitau ʻa e Kau Fakamoʻoní ki ha tauʻatāina fakalotu ke fakahoko ʻaki ʻenau lotú.

Ko ha fakatātā, vakai ange ki he keisi ʻa Murdock v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, ʻa ia naʻe fai ai ʻa e tuʻutuʻuní ʻe he Fakamaauʻanga Lahi ʻo e ʻIunaite Seteté ʻi Mē 3, 1943. Ko e fehuʻi eni naʻe ʻohake ʻi he keisí: ʻOku totonu ki he Kau Fakamoʻoni ʻa Sihová ke nau maʻu ha laiseni fakatau atu fakakomēsiale ki hono tufa ʻenau tohi fakalotú? Naʻe tuʻumaʻu ʻa e Kau Fakamoʻoni ʻa Sihová ʻo pehē ʻoku ʻikai fiemaʻu ia ke nau fai pehē. Ko ʻenau ngāue fakamalangá ʻoku ʻikai​—pea kuo ʻikai ʻaupito pē​—fakakomēsiale. Ko ʻenau taumuʻá, ʻoku ʻikai ko e ngaohi paʻanga, ka ke malangaʻi ʻa e ongoongo leleí. (Mātiu 10:8; 2 Kolinito 2:​17) ʻI he tuʻutuʻuni ʻi he hopo Murdock, naʻe loto-tatau ai ʻa e Fakamaauʻangá mo e Kau Fakamoʻoní, ʻi he pehē ko ha fiemaʻu pē ʻo ha totongi ki ha laiseni tukuhau ʻi ha tuʻunga ki hono tufaki ʻo e tohi fakalotú ʻoku taʻefakakonisitūtone ia.b Naʻe fokotuʻu ʻe he tuʻutuʻuni ko ení ha meʻa mahuʻinga tōmuʻa, pea kuo lavameʻa ʻa e tangi ki ai ʻa e Kau Fakamoʻoní ʻi he tuʻunga ko ha mafai ia ʻi he ngaahi keisi lahi talu mei ai. Kuo fakamoʻoniʻi ʻa e hoko ʻa e tuʻutuʻuni ʻi he hopo Murdock ko ha foʻi piliki fefeka ia ʻi he ʻā fakalao ʻo e maluʻí.

Kuo fai ʻi he ngaahi keisi peheé ʻa e meʻa lahi ke maluʻi ai ʻa e tauʻatāina fakalotú maʻá e kakai kotoa pē. Fekauʻaki mo e ola kuo fai ʻe he Kau Fakamoʻoní ki he maluʻi ʻo e ngaahi totonu fakasivilé ʻi he ʻIunaite Seteté, naʻe pehē ʻe he University of Cincinnati Law Review: “Kuo maʻu ʻe he Kau Fakamoʻoni ʻa Sihová ha kamataʻanga mālohi loloto ʻi he tupulaki ʻo e lao fakakonisitūtoné, tautefito ʻi hono fakalahi ʻa e ngaahi fakangatangataʻanga ʻo e maluʻí ki he leá mo e lotú.”

Fakafefekaʻi ʻa e ʻAá

ʻI he foʻi ikuna fakalao taki taha, ʻoku toe fefeka ange ai ʻa e ʻaá. Vakai angé ki ha kiʻi niʻihi ʻo e ngaahi tuʻutuʻuni ʻi he 1990 tupú ʻa ia kuo ʻaonga ki he Kau Fakamoʻoni ʻa Sihová, pea pehē ki he niʻihi kehe kotoa pē ʻoku ʻofa ki he tauʻatāiná, ʻi he māmaní kotoa.

Kalisi. ʻI Mē 25, 1993, naʻe poupouʻi ai ʻe ha Fakamaauʻanga ʻIulope ki he Ngaahi Totonu Fakaetangatá ʻa e totonu ʻa ha tangataʻifonua Kalisi ke akoʻi ki he niʻihi kehé ʻa ʻene ngaahi tui fakalotú. Naʻe kau ki he keisí ʻa Minos Kokkinakis, ʻa ia naʻe taʻu 84 ʻi he taimi ko iá. ʻI hono tuʻunga ko e taha ʻo e Kau Fakamoʻoni ʻa Sihová, ne fakahū ai ʻa Kokkinakis ʻo laka hake he tuʻo 60 talu mei he 1938, naʻá ne hā tuʻo 18 ʻi he ʻao ʻo e ngaahi fakamaauʻanga Kalisí, pea naʻá ne fakamoleki ʻo laka hake he taʻu ʻe ono ʻi he ʻapi pōpulá. Naʻe fakahalaiaʻi lahi ia ʻi he malumalu ʻo ha lao faka-Kalisi ʻi he 1930 tupú ʻa ia naʻe taʻofi ai ʻa e faifakauluí​—ko ha lao ʻa ia naʻe tupu mei ai ʻa hono fakahū ʻa e meimei Kau Fakamoʻoni ʻa Sihova ʻe toko 20,000 mei he 1938 ki he 1992. Naʻe pehē ʻe he Fakamaauʻanga ʻIulopé kuo maumauʻi ʻe he puleʻanga Kalisí ʻa e tauʻatāina fakalotu ʻa Kokkinakis pea totongi huhuʻi ki ai ʻa e US$14,400. ʻI heʻene tuʻutuʻuní, naʻe pehē ʻe he Fakamaauʻangá ko ha “lotu ʻiloa” moʻoni ʻa e Kau Fakamoʻoni ʻa Sihová.​—Sio ki he The Watchtower ʻo Sepitema 1, 1993, peesi 27-​31.

Mekisikou. ʻI Siulai 16, 1992, ko ha sitepu lahi ʻi hono maluʻi ʻa e tauʻatāina fakalotú naʻe fai ia ʻi Mekisikou. ʻI he ʻaho ko iá naʻe fakahoko ai ʻa e Lao ʻo e Ngaahi Feohiʻanga Fakalotú mo e Lotu Fakahāhaá. Fakafou ʻi he lao ko ení, ʻoku lava ke maʻu ai ʻe ha kulupu fakalotu ha tuʻunga fakalao ʻi he tuʻunga ko ha kautaha fakalotu ʻaki hano maʻu ʻa e lēsisita ʻoku fiemaʻú. Ki muʻa aí, ko e Kau Fakamoʻoni ʻa Sihová, hangē ko e ngaahi lotu kehe ʻi he fonuá, naʻe ʻi ai moʻoni ia ka naʻe ʻikai hano tuʻunga fakalao. ʻI ʻEpeleli 13, 1993, naʻe tohi kole ai ʻa e Kau Fakamoʻoní ki ha lēsisita. ʻOku fakafiefiá, ʻi Mē 7, 1993, naʻa nau hoko ai ʻo lēsisita fakalao ko e La Torre del Vigía, A. R., mo e Los Testigos de Jehová en México, A. R., ʻa ia ko kinaua fakatouʻosi ko ha feohiʻanga fakalotu.​—Sio ki he Awake!, Siulai 22, 1994, peesi 12-​14.

Pelēsila. ʻI Nōvema 1990, ko e Kautaha Fakafonua ki he Maluʻanga Fakasōsiale ʻa Pelēsilá (INSS) naʻá ne fakahā ki he ʻōfisi vaʻa ʻo e Sōsaieti Taua Leʻó ko e kau faifekau pole ʻi Pētelí (ko e hingoa ʻo e ngaahi fale ʻi he vaʻa ʻo e Kau Fakamoʻoni ʻa Sihová) ʻe ʻikai kei vakai kiate kinautolu ko e kau faifekau fakalotu pea ko ia ai te nau ʻi he malumalu ʻo e ngaahi lao fakaeleipa ʻa Pelēsilá. Naʻe fai ha tangi ʻa e Kau Fakamoʻoní ʻi he tuʻutuʻuni ko ení. ʻI Sune 7, 1996, ko e Fakahinohino Fakaefakamaauʻanga ʻo e ʻŌfisi ʻo e Fakafofonga Seniale ʻi Brasília naʻá ne ʻoatu ai ha tuʻutuʻuni ʻo poupouʻi ʻa e tuʻunga ʻo e kau faifekau ʻi Pētelí ko ha kau mēmipa kinautolu ʻo ha kau lotu fakalao, ʻo ʻikai ko ha kau ngāue fakaemāmani.

Siapani. ʻI Maʻasi 8, 1996, naʻe fakahaaʻi ai ʻe he Fakamaauʻanga Lahi ʻo Siapaní ha tuʻutuʻuni ʻi he ʻīsiu ʻo e akó mo e tauʻatāina fakalotú​—maʻá e lelei ʻa e tokotaha kotoa pē ʻi Siapani. Naʻe fakahaaʻi loto-taha ʻe he fakamaauʻangá ko e Kolisi Fakaengāue Tekinikale Fakafeituʻu Kobe naʻá ne maumauʻi ʻa e laó ʻaki ʻene tuli ʻa Kunihito Kobayashi koeʻuhi ko ʻene fakafisi ke kau ʻi he ako ki he ngaahi pōtoʻi fakaetaú. Ko e tuʻutuʻuni ko ení ʻokú ne fakaʻilongaʻi ai ʻa e ʻuluaki taimi kuo fai mai ai ʻe he Fakamaauʻanga Lahí ha tuʻutuʻuni makatuʻunga ʻi he tauʻatāina fakalotu ne fakapapauʻi ʻe he Konisitūtone Siapaní. ʻI he muimui ki hono konisēnisi kuo akoʻi faka-Tohitapú, naʻe ongoʻi ʻe he Fakamoʻoni kei siʻi ko ení ko e ngaahi tōʻonga ko ení naʻe ʻikai te nau fehoanakimālie mo e ngaahi tefitoʻi moʻoni faka-Tohitapu hangē ko ia ʻoku maʻu ʻi he Aisea 2:​4, ʻa ia ʻoku pehē ai: “Te nau tuki huo ʻaki ʻenau ngaahi heleta, mo e ngaahi hele ʻauhani ʻaki honau ngaahi tao: ʻe ʻikai ofa heleta ha puleʻanga ki ha puleʻanga, pea ʻe ʻikai kei fai ha akotau.” Ko e tuʻutuʻuni ʻa e Fakamaauʻangá naʻe fokotuʻu ai ha meʻa tōmuʻa ki he ngaahi keisi ʻi he kahaʻú.​—Sio ki he Watchtower, ʻo Nōvema 1, 1996, peesi 19-​21.

ʻI Fepueli 9, 1998, naʻe fakahaaʻi ai ʻe he Fakamaauʻanga Māʻolunga Tōkioó ha toe tuʻutuʻuni mahuʻinga ʻe taha ʻo poupouʻi ʻa e totonu ʻa ha Fakamoʻoni ko hono hingoá ko Misae Takeda ke ne fakafisingaʻi ha tōʻongafai fakafaitoʻo ʻa ia ʻoku ʻikai ke fehoanakimālie mo e fekau ʻa e Tohitapú ke ‘fakaʻehiʻehi mei he totó.’ (Ngāue 15:​28, 29) Kuo ʻoatu ʻa e tangi ʻi he keisi ko ení ki he Fakamaauʻanga Lahí, pea ʻoku ʻi ai ia ke fai ʻa e sio ki ai kapau ʻe poupouʻi ʻa e fili ʻa e Fakamaauʻanga Māʻolungá.

ʻOtu Motu Filipainí. ʻI ha tuʻutuʻuni naʻe fakahaaʻi ʻi Maʻasi 1, 1993, naʻe tuʻutuʻuni loto-taha ai ʻa e Fakamaauʻanga Lahi Filipainí maʻá e lelei ʻa e Kau Fakamoʻoni ʻa Sihová ʻi ha keisi naʻe kau ki ai ha ngaahi toʻutupu Fakamoʻoni ʻa ia naʻe tuli mei he akoʻangá koeʻuhi ko ʻenau fakaʻehiʻehi anga-fakaʻapaʻapa ke salute ki he fuká.

Ko e tuʻutuʻuni lelei fakaefakamaauʻanga taki taha ʻoku hangē ia ha foʻi maka pe piliki ʻoku tānaki mai ki hono fakafefekaʻi ʻa e ʻā fakalao ko ia ʻokú ne maluʻi ʻa e ngaahi totonu ʻo ʻikai ki he Kau Fakamoʻoni ʻa Sihová pē ka ki he kakai kotoa pē.

Maluʻi ʻa e ʻAá

ʻOku lēsisita fakalao ʻa e Kau Fakamoʻoni ʻa Sihová ʻi he ngaahi fonua ʻe 153, ʻo nau fiefia totonu ai ʻi he ngaahi tauʻatāina lahi, ʻo hangē ko e ngaahi lotu ʻiloa kehé. Hili ha laui hongofuluʻi taʻu ʻo e fakatanga mo e tapui ʻi ʻIulope Hahake mo e Sovieti ʻIunioni ki muʻá, ʻoku ʻiloa fakalao he taimí ni ʻa e Kau Fakamoʻoni ʻa Sihová ʻi he ngaahi fonua hangē ko Hungali, Kasakisitani, Kilisitani, Lepupilika Sekí, Lumēnia, Pelalusi, Siōsia, Solovākia, mo ʻAlipēnia. Kae kehe, ʻi he ngaahi fonua ʻe niʻihi ʻi he ʻahó ni, ʻo kau ai ʻa e ngaahi fonua ʻIulope Hihifo ʻe niʻihi ʻa ia kuo fuoloa hono fokotuʻu ai ʻa e ngaahi founga fakaefakamaauʻangá, ʻoku poleʻi pe fakaʻikaiʻi mamafa ai ʻa e ngaahi totonu ʻa e Kau Fakamoʻoni ʻa Sihová. ʻOku feinga longomoʻui ai ʻa e kau fakafepakí ke “faʻu lao fakamamahi” ki he Kau Fakamoʻoní. (Sāme 94:20) ʻOku anga-fēfē ʻa e tali ki ai ʻa e faʻahingá ni?c

ʻOku loto ʻa e Kau Fakamoʻoni ʻa Sihová ke fāitaha mo e ngaahi founga-pule kotoa pē, ka ʻoku nau toe loto foki ke maʻu ha tauʻatāina fakalao ke fakahoko ʻaki ʻenau lotú. Ko ʻenau tuipau mālohí ko ha lao pē pe ngaahi tuʻutuʻuni fakaefakamaauʻanga ʻa ia te ne taʻofi kinautolu mei he talangofua ki he ngaahi fekau ʻa e ʻOtuá​—ʻo kau ai ʻa e fekau ke malangaʻi ʻa e ongoongo leleí​—ʻoku taʻetotonu ia. (Maake 13:10) Kapau ʻe ʻikai aʻusia ha ngaahi felotoi melino, ʻe ʻave leva ʻe he Kau Fakamoʻoni ʻa Sihová ʻa e faʻahi ʻe tahá ki he tafaʻaki fakalaó, ʻo kumi ki he ngaahi founga tangi kotoa pē ʻe fiemaʻú ke maʻu mai ʻaki ha maluʻi fakalao ki heʻenau totonu kuo foaki ʻe he ʻOtuá ke fakahoko ʻaki ʻenau lotú. ʻOku maʻu ʻe he Kau Fakamoʻoni ʻa Sihová ʻa e falala kakato ki he talaʻofa ʻa e ʻOtuá: “ʻIlonga ha mahafu ʻoku faʻu ke fai ʻaki ha kovi kiate koe, ʻe ʻikai siaʻa.”​—Aisea 54:17.

[Fakamatala ʻi lalo]

[Puha ʻi he peesi 21]

Maluʻi ʻa e Ngaahi Totonu ʻa e Kau Fakamoʻoni ʻa Sihová

Ko e fakatanga kuo fai ki he Kau Fakamoʻoni ʻa Sihová kuo iku ia ki honau tataki ki he ʻao ʻo e kau fakamāú mo e kau ʻōfisa fakapuleʻangá ʻi māmani lahi. (Luke 21:​12, 13) Kuo ʻikai tuku ha ivi ʻo e Kau Fakamoʻoni ʻa Sihová ʻi hono maluʻi fakalao ʻenau ngaahi totonú. Kuo tokoni ʻa e ngaahi ikuna fakaefakamaauʻanga ʻi he ngaahi fonua lahi ke maluʻi ʻa e tauʻatāina fakalotu ʻa e Kau Fakamoʻoni ʻa Sihová, ʻo kau ai ʻenau ngaahi totonu ke:

◻ malanga fale ki he fale ʻo tauʻatāina mei he ngaahi taʻotaʻofi kuo fai ki he kau fakatau atu fakakomēsialé​—Murdock v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Fakamaauʻanga Lahi U.S. (1943); Kokkinakis v. Greece, Fakamaauʻanga ʻIulope ki he Ngaahi Totonu Fakaetangatá (ECHR) (1993).

◻ fakatahataha tauʻatāina ki he lotú​—Manoussakis and Others v. Greece, ECHR (1996).

◻ fili ki he founga ʻe lava ke nau fakahaaʻi fakakonisēnisi ai ʻenau fakaʻapaʻapa ki he fuka pe fakaʻilonga fakafonuá​—West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette, Fakamaauʻanga Lahi U.S. (1943); Supreme Court of the Philippines (1993); Supreme Court of India (1986).

◻ fakafisi ki he ngāue fakakautau ʻokú ne maumauʻi honau konisēnisi faka-Kalisitiané​—Georgiadis v. Greece, ECHR (1997).

◻ fili ki he ngaahi tōʻongafai mo e ngaahi faitoʻo ʻoku ʻikai te ne maumauʻi honau konisēnisí​—Malette v. Shulman, Ontario, Kānata, Fakamaauʻanga Tangí (1990); Watch Tower v. E.L.A., Fakamaauʻanga Māʻolunga Ange, San Juan, Pueto Liko (1995); Fosmire v. Nicoleau, New York, U.S.A., Fakamaauʻanga Tangí (1990).

◻ ʻohake ʻenau fānaú ʻo fakatatau ki heʻenau ngaahi tui makatuʻunga ʻi he Tohitapú neongo ʻoku poleʻi ʻa e ngaahi tuí ni ʻe he ngaahi fakakikihi ki he maluʻi ʻo e kiʻi tamá​—St-Laurent v. Soucy, Fakamaauʻanga Lahi ʻo Kānatá (1997); Hoffmann v. Austria, ECHR (1993).

◻ maʻu pea ke faʻu ha ngaahi kautaha fakalao ʻa ia ʻokú ne maʻu ʻa e ngaahi fakaʻatā tatau mei he tukuhaú ʻa ia ʻoku ʻoange ki he ngaahi kautaha kuo ngāueʻaki ʻe he ngaahi lotu ʻiloa kehé​—People v. Haring, Niu ʻIoke, U.S.A., Fakamaauʻanga Tangí (1960).

◻ maʻu maʻá e faʻahinga ko ia kuo fakanofo ki ha faʻahinga founga ʻo e ngāue taimi-kakato makehé ʻa e founga tukuhau lelei tatau kuo ʻoange ki he kau ngāue fakalotu taimi-kakato ʻo e ngaahi lotu kehé​—Kautaha Fakafonua ʻo e Maluʻanga Fakasōsiale ʻa Pelēsilá, Brasília (1996).

[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 20]

Ko Minos Kokkinakis mo hono uaifí

[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 20]

Ko Kunihito Kobayashi

[Maʻuʻanga ʻo e Tā ʻi he peesi 19]

The Complete Encyclopedia of Illustration/J. G. Heck