Ko Hoʻo Paʻangá pe ko Hoʻo Moʻuí?

Kuó ke ʻosi fanongo nai ʻi he kau kaihaʻa ko ia ʻoku nau fakamanaʻi meʻafana ʻa e faʻahinga ʻoku nau maʻukoviá, pea kounaʻi kinautolu: “Ko hoʻo paʻangá pe ko hoʻo moʻuí!” ʻI he ʻahó ni, ko e kouna ʻiloa ko ení ʻoku tapua mai ia ʻi ha tuʻunga faingataʻa ʻa ia ʻoku tau fehangahangai kotoa mo ia—tautefito ki he faʻahinga ʻo kitautolu ʻoku nofo ʻi he ngaahi fonua tuʻumālié. Kae kehe, ʻi he taimi ia ko ení, ʻoku ʻikai ko e kaihaʻá ia ʻokú ne fai ʻa e kouná. ʻI hono kehé, ko e fakamamafa fakautuutu ia ʻoku tuku ʻe he sōsaietí ki he paʻangá mo e lavameʻa fakamatelié.

KO E fakamamafa peheé kuó ne langaʻi ha ngaahi ʻīsiu mo ha ngaahi hohaʻa foʻou fakalūkufua. Ko e hā hono lahi ʻo e totonu ke tuli ki he paʻangá mo e ngaahi meʻa fakamatelié? ʻE malava ke tau fiemālie pē ʻi he meʻa siʻisiʻí? ʻOku feilaulauʻi moʻoni ʻe he kakaí ʻa e “moʻui moʻoni” ʻi he taumuʻa ko e tuli ki he meʻa fakamatelié? Ko e paʻangá ʻa e hala ki ha moʻui fiefiá?

Havala ki he Paʻangá

ʻI he lotolotonga ʻo e ngaahi holi fakaetangatá mo e ngaahi manakó—totonu pe ʻikai—ko e ʻofa ki he paʻangá ʻoku feinga ke takimuʻá. ʻI he kehe mei he holi ki he fehokotaki fakasinó mo e meʻakaí, ko e havala ki he paʻangá ʻoku malava ke tuʻumaʻu pea taʻehanongataʻanga. ʻOku hā ngali taʻemalava ʻe he taʻumotuʻá ke ne fakangata ia. ʻI he tuʻunga lahi, ko e fakalakalaka ʻa e taʻú ʻokú ne fakalahi moʻoni nai ai ʻe ia ʻa e mahuʻingaʻia pe tokanga ʻa ha taha fekauʻaki mo e paʻangá pea mo e meʻa ʻoku malava ke ne fakatau maí.

ʻOku hā ngali ke tupulekina ʻa e mānumanú. Ko e tangata ʻeti faiva ʻo ha foʻi faiva manakoa ʻe taha naʻá ne pehē: “ʻOku lavameʻa ʻa e mānumanú. ʻOku ʻaonga ʻa e mānumanú.” Neongo ʻoku lave ʻa e tokolahi ki he 1980 tupú ko e Kuonga ia ʻo e Mānumanú, ko e meʻa naʻe hoko ki muʻa pea mo e hili iá ʻokú ne fakahaaʻi ko e fakafeangai ʻa e tangatá ki he paʻangá kuo siʻi ʻene liliú ʻi he faai mai ʻa e ngaahi taʻú.

Ko e meʻa ʻoku ngali foʻoú ko e sio ko ia ʻa e kakai tokolahi ki ha ngaahi faingamālie ke fakatōliʻa vave ai ʻa e holi ki he meʻa lahi angé. ʻOku hā ko e tokolahi taha ʻo e māmaní ʻi he meimei taimi kotoa ʻoku nau fakamoleki ʻa e lahi taha ʻo honau iví ʻi hono faʻu mo tānaki mai ha ngaahi meʻa lahi ange. Te ke loto-tatau nai ko hono maʻu ʻo e ngaahi koloa fakamatelié mo hono ngāueʻaki ʻo e paʻangá kuo hoko ia ko ha holi—pea ko e meʻa ʻoku faʻa fakakaukau lahi taha ki aí—ko e feinga ki he moʻui fakaonopōní.

Ka ʻoku iku ʻo fiefia ange ai ʻa e kakaí? ʻI he tali ki he fehuʻi ko iá, naʻe tohi ʻe he poto mo koloaʻia lahi ko Tuʻi Solomoné ʻi he taʻu ʻe 3,000 kuohilí: “Ko ia ʻoku manako siliva ʻoku ʻikai te ne makona ʻi he siliva: pea ko ia ʻoku manako ki he fuʻufuʻunga meʻa, ʻoku ʻikai hano fua: ko e muna mo ia foki.” (Koheleti 5:10) ʻOku ʻomai ʻe he ako ʻi onopooni ki he tuʻunga fakasōsialé ha ngaahi fakamulituku mahuʻinga tatau.

Paʻangá mo e Fiefiá

Ko e taha ʻo e ngaahi meʻa fakaʻohovale kuo ʻilo fekauʻaki mo e anga ʻo e tangatá, ko e ʻikai tokonaki pau mai ko ia ʻe he lahi ʻo e paʻangá mo e ngaahi meʻa fakamatelié ha lahi tatau ʻi he fiemālié mo e fiefiá. Ko e meʻa kuo hoko ʻo fakatokangaʻi ʻe he kau fakatotolo tokolahi, ko e taimi pē ko ia ʻoku aʻu ai ha taha ki ha tuʻunga pau ʻo e tuʻumālié, ko ʻene ongoʻi lakalakaimonuú ʻoku ʻikai fakatuʻunga ia ʻi he lahi ʻo e ngaahi koloa fakamatelie ʻokú ne ala maʻú.

Ko ia ai, ko e fekumi taʻefakangatangata ki he ngaahi koloa fakamatelié mo e paʻangá ʻokú ne ʻai ʻa e tokolahi ke nau fifili, ‘ʻOku hā ʻoku tau fiefia ʻi he meʻa foʻou taki taha ʻoku tau fakatau maí; neongo ia, hili hono fai ʻa e meʻa kotoa, ko e hā leva hono ʻuhinga ʻoku ʻikai tānaki mai ai ʻe he ngaahi mālié ni ha ongoʻi fiemālie lahi angé?’

ʻI heʻene tohi ko e Happy People, ʻoku fakahaaʻi ai ʻe he faʻu-tohi ko Jonathan Freedman: “Ko hono maʻu pē ha paʻanga hū mai ʻi he tuʻunga siʻisiʻi tahá, ko e lahi ʻo e paʻanga ʻokú ke maʻú ʻoku siʻi hono mahuʻingá ʻi he fekauʻaki mo ʻene ʻomai ʻa e fiefiá. Ko e faʻahinga ko ia ʻoku nau ʻi ha tuʻunga māʻolunga hake ʻi he masivá, ʻoku siʻisiʻi ʻaupito ai ʻa e kaunga ia ʻo e paʻanga hū maí ki haʻanau fiefia.” Kuo kamata ke fakatokangaʻi ʻe he tokolahi ko e meʻa ʻoku fekauʻaki mo e fiefia fakafoʻituituí ko hono maʻu ʻe ha taha ha ngaahi koloa fakalaumālie, ngaahi ngāue mohu ʻuhinga ʻi he moʻuí, mo ha ngaahi tuʻunga fakaeʻulungaanga lelei. ʻOku toe mahuʻinga foki ʻa e ngaahi vā fakaetangatá pea mo e tauʻatāina mei he ngaahi fepaki pe ngaahi fakangatangata ʻa ia ʻe malava ke ne taʻofi kitautolu mei he hoko ʻo fiefia ʻi he meʻa ʻoku tau maʻú.

ʻOku sio ʻa e tokolahi ko e tupuʻanga tefito ki he lahi taha ʻo e ngaahi palopalema fakasōsiale lolotongá ko e hehema ʻo feinga ko ia ke ngāueʻaki ʻa e tuʻumālie fakamatelié ke solovaʻaki ʻa e ngaahi meʻa ʻa ia ko hono moʻoní ko e ngaahi palopalema ʻi he lotó. ʻOku lave ʻa e kau faiongoongo fakasōsiale ʻe niʻihi ki ha fakakaukau fakalūkufua ki he tuʻunga kovi tahá mo e taʻetoponó. ʻOku nau toe fakatokangaʻi foki ʻa e hehema fakautuutu ʻa e kakai ʻi he ngaahi sōsaieti tuʻumālié ke talatala ki he kau fotofotá pe kumi ki ha ʻuhinga ʻo e moʻuí mo ha ʻatamai nonga mei he kau faleʻi fakaʻatamaí, ngaahi lotu fakaeouaú mo e ngaahi kulupu ʻoku nau taku te nau tokonaki mai ha faitoʻó. ʻOku fakamoʻoni eni ki he taʻelavameʻa ko ia ʻa e ngaahi koloa fakamatelié ke tānaki mai ha ʻuhinga moʻoni ki he moʻuí.

Mālohi mo e ʻIkai ha Mālohi ʻo e Paʻangá

Ko e moʻoni, ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e mālohi ʻo e paʻangá. ʻOku malava ke ne fakatau mai ha ngaahi ʻapi fakaʻofoʻofa, vala lelei, mo ha ngaahi naunau fale masani. Te ne toe fakatau mai nai mo ha fakavīkiviki tōtuʻa, fakahoko ha fiemaʻu, pe fakalai, pea aʻu ki hono tokonaki mai ha ngaahi kaumeʻa fakataimi mo anga-fietokoni tokosiʻi pē. Ka ko e lahi pē ia ʻo e mālohi ʻoku malava ke maʻu ʻe he paʻangá. Ko e meʻa ʻoku tau fiemaʻu lahi tahá, ʻoku ʻikai malava ia ʻe he paʻangá ke fakatau mai—ko e ʻofa ʻa ha kaumeʻa fakaetangata moʻoni pē ʻe taha, nonga ʻo e ʻatamaí, mo ha kiʻi fakafiemālie loto-moʻoni lolotonga ʻoku tuʻunuku mai ʻa e maté. Pea ki he faʻahinga ʻoku nau koloaʻaki honau vahaʻangatae mo e Tokotaha-Fakatupú, ʻoku ʻikai malava ʻe he paʻangá ke ne fakatau mai ʻa e hōifua ʻa e ʻOtuá.

Ko Tuʻi Solomone, ʻa ia naʻá ne maʻu ʻa e ngaahi meʻa lelei kotoa naʻe malava ke fakatau mai ʻe he paʻangá ʻi hono ʻahó, naʻá ne ʻiloʻi ko e falala ki he ngaahi koloa fakamatelié ʻoku ʻikai iku ia ki he fiefia tuʻuloá. (Koheleti 5:​12-15) ʻOku malava ke mole ʻa e paʻangá ʻi he taʻelavameʻa ʻa e pangikeé pe ko e hikihiki ʻo e totongí. Ko e ngaahi meʻa ʻi ha konga kelekele mo hono falé ʻoku malava ke fakaʻauha ia ʻe ha ngaahi matangi mālohi. Lolotonga ko e ngaahi tohi fakamoʻoni-maluʻí, te ne fetongi ha konga ʻo e ngaahi koloa molé, ʻoku ʻikai malava ke ne fetongi ʻa e ngaahi mole fakaeongó. ʻOku malava ke hoko ʻo taʻeʻaonga vave ʻa e ngaahi koloá mo e paʻanga maluʻí ʻi ha tōlalo fakafokifā fakaʻekonōmika. Naʻa mo ha ngāue totongi lelei, ʻe lava ke ʻi heni he ʻahó ni pea mole ʻapongipongi.

ʻE malava fēfē leva ke tau maʻu ha vakai mafamafatatau ki he paʻangá? Ko e hā ʻa e ngafa ʻoku totonu ke fakahoko ʻe he paʻangá pe ko e ngaahi koloá ʻi heʻetau moʻuí? Kātaki ʻo sivisiviʻi lahi ange ʻa e meʻá ni ke ʻiloʻi ʻa e founga te ke malava ai ke maʻu ha meʻa ʻa ia ʻoku mahuʻinga moʻoní—ʻa e “moʻui moʻoni.”

[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 4]

Ko e ngaahi koloa fakamatelié ʻoku ʻikai te ne ʻomai ʻa e fiefia tuʻuloá