Ko e Kau Sitiá—Ko ha Kakai Misiteli ʻo e Kuohilí

ʻI HE talua mai ʻi he loto efú, kuo hakitekita ʻenau ngaahi kato nofoʻá ʻi he koloa veté, ko e fakatūʻuta ia ʻa e kau heka hoosi ʻo ha kakai nofo hikihiki holo. Ko e kakai misiteli ko ení naʻa nau maʻu ʻa e feituʻu, ʻikai ha ʻuluʻakau ʻo e konitinēniti ʻIulope-ʻĒsiá mei he 700 ki he 300 K.M. nai. Naʻa nau pulia leva​—ka ʻi he hili pē ia hono fokotuʻu ha fakaʻilonga ʻi he hisitōliá. Naʻa mo e Tohitapú ʻoku ʻi ai ha lave ai fekauʻaki mo kinautolu. Ko kinautolú ko e kau Sitia.

ʻI he laui senituli, naʻe heva holo ai ʻa e kau nofo hikihiki holó mo e ngaahi tākanga ʻo e fanga hoosi hehengi ʻi he ngaahi fonua musieʻia ʻa ia naʻe lele mei he ʻOtu Moʻunga Carpathian ʻo ʻIulope hahaké ki he feituʻu ʻa ia ko e tonga-hahake ia he taimí ni ʻo Lūsiá. ʻI he aʻu mai ki he senituli hono valu K.M., ko e ngāue fakakautau naʻe fai ʻe he ʻEmipola Siaina ko Hsüan naʻá ne ueʻi ai ke fai ʻa e ngaahi fononga ʻo hiki ki he hihifó. ʻI he ngaʻunu fakahihifó, naʻe faitau ai ʻa e kau Sitiá pea nau tuli ʻa e kau Cimmerian, ʻa ia naʻa nau puleʻi ʻa e Caucasus pea mo e ʻēlia ʻi he tokelau ʻo e Tahi ʻUliʻulí.

ʻI he kumi ki he koloá, naʻe kapa ai ʻo vete ʻe he kau Sitiá ʻa e kolomuʻa ʻo ʻAsīliá, ʻa Ninive. Ki mui ai, naʻa nau talite tonu ai mo ʻAsīlia ʻo fakafepaki ki Mītia, Papilōnia pea mo e ngaahi puleʻanga kehé. Naʻa mo e fakatokelau ʻo ʻIsipité naʻe aʻu ki ai ʻenau ngaahi ʻohó. Ko e moʻoniʻi meʻa ko ia ʻo hono ui ki mui ʻo Petesani ʻi he tokelau-hahake ʻo ʻIsilelí ko Sitiapolisí ʻoku fakahaaʻi nai ai ha vahaʻa taimi ʻo hono nofoʻi ia ʻe he kau Sitiá.​​—1 Samiuela 31:​11, 12.

Faifai atu pē, naʻe nofo ʻa e kau Sitiá ʻi he feituʻu ʻikai ha ʻuluʻakau ʻo Lumēnia, Molotova, ʻIukalaine mo e fakatonga ʻo Lūsia ʻi he lolotonga ní. Naʻa nau tupu ai ʻo koloaʻia, ʻi heʻenau ngāue ko e kau fakafofonga ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e kau Kalisí pea mo e kau ngaohi uite ʻo ʻIukalaine mo e fakatonga ʻo Lūsia ʻi he lolotonga ní. Naʻe tuku atu ʻe he kau Sitiá ʻa e uite, hone, fulufuluʻi manu, mo e tākanga ʻo e fanga manú ʻo fakafetongiʻaki ʻa e uaine, ngaahi tupenu, ngaahi meʻatau, pea mo e ngaahi ngāue pōtoʻi faka-Kalisí. Naʻa nau tānaki ai ʻa e ngaahi koloa lahi fakaʻulia.

Kau Tangata Heka Hoosi Fakamanavahē

Ki he kau tau ko eni ʻo e feituʻu ʻikai ha ʻuluʻakaú, ko e hōsí naʻe hoko ia ko e tatau ʻo e kāmelí ki he kakai ʻo e toafá. Ko e kau Sitiá ko e kau tangata heka hoosi lelei ʻaupito pea naʻa nau ʻi he ʻuluaki faʻahinga ke ngāueʻaki ʻa e nofoʻá pea mo e meʻa tuʻuʻanga vaʻé. Naʻa nau kai ʻa e kakano ʻo e fanga hōsí pea inu ʻa e huʻakau ʻo e hoosi fefiné. Ko hono moʻoní, naʻe aʻu ʻo nau ngāueʻaki ʻa e fanga hōsí ki he ngaahi feilaulau tutu. ʻI he taimi naʻe mate ai ha tokotaha tau Sitia, naʻe tāmateʻi leva ʻa ʻene hōsí pea fai hono tanu fakalāngilangiʻi​—kakato fakataha mo hono ngaahi teuteú.

Hangē ko ia naʻe fakamatalaʻi ʻe he faihisitōlia ko Helotōtasí, naʻe ohi ʻe he kau Sitiá ʻa e ngaahi anga fakafonua mātuʻaki anga-fakamamahi, ʻa ia naʻe kau ai ʻa hono ngāueʻaki ʻa e ngaahi ngeʻesi-ʻulu ʻo e faʻahinga naʻa nau maʻukoviá ko e ngaahi ipu inu. ʻI hono ʻohofi honau ngaahi filí, naʻa nau fakaʻauhaʻaki kinautolu ʻa e ngaahi heletā ukamea, ngaahi toki ki he taú, ngaahi tao, mo e ngaahi ngahau talatala naʻá ne hae ʻa e kakanó.

Ngaahi Fonualoto Naʻe Teuteu ki ʻItāniti

Naʻe tōʻongaʻaki ʻe he kau Sitiá ʻa e tōʻonga fakafaimaná pea mo e tui faka-Sāmaní pea naʻa nau lotu ki he afí pea mo ha ʻotua fefine ko e faʻē. (Teutalonome 18:​10-​12) Naʻa nau vakai ki he fonualotó ko ha nofoʻanga ia ki he kau maté. Naʻe feilaulauʻaki ʻa e kau pōpulá pea mo e fanga manú koeʻuhi ke ngāueʻaki ʻe he pule kuo maté. Naʻe pehē tokua ʻoku ō fakataha ʻa e koloá pea mo e kau sevāniti ʻa e fāmilí pea mo e kau houʻeikí ki he “māmani hoko maí.” ʻI he fonualoto fakatuʻi ʻe taha, naʻe maʻu ai ʻa e kau sevāniti tangata ʻe toko nima ʻoku nau tokoto ʻo huʻu honau vaʻé ki honau pulé, ʻi he mateuteu ke mālanga hake ʻo toe fai honau ngaahi fatongiá.

Naʻe tanu fakataha ʻa e kau pulé mo e ngaahi meʻaʻofa lahi, pea ʻi he lolotonga ʻo e ngaahi vahaʻa taimi ʻo e tengihiá, naʻe lilingi ai ʻe he kau Sitiá honau totó pea kosi honau ʻulú. Naʻe tohi ʻe Helotōtasi: “ʻOku nau tutuʻu ha konga ʻo honau ngaahi telingá, tele honau ngaahi foʻi ʻulú, fai ha ngaahi tafatafaʻi takatakai honau nimá, tafaʻi hangē ʻoku hae honau laʻé mo e ihú, pea hoka honau ngaahi nima toʻohemá ʻaki ʻa e ngaahi ngahaú.” ʻI hono kehé, ko e Lao ʻa e ʻOtuá ki he kau ʻIsilelí ʻi he kuonga tatau naʻe fekau ai: “Tapu hoʻomou tafatafaʻi homou sino koeʻuhi ko e pekia.”​—Livitiko 19:28.

Naʻe tuku mai ʻe he kau Sitiá ʻa e ngaahi kurgans (tafungofunga tanuʻanga) ʻe laui afe. Ko e ngaahi teunga lahi naʻe maʻu ʻi he ngaahi tafungofunga tanuʻangá ʻoku fakahaaʻi ai ʻa e moʻui fakaʻaho ʻa e kau Sitiá. Ko e Sā Lūsia ko Pita ko e Lahí naʻá ne kamata tānaki ʻa e ngaahi teunga peheé ʻi he 1715, pea ko e ngaahi meʻa ngingila ko ení ʻoku lava ke sio ai he taimí ni ʻi he ngaahi misiume ʻi Lūsia mo ʻIukalainé. Ko e “ʻaati monumanu” ko ení ʻoku kau ai ʻa e fanga hoosi, fanga ʻīkale, fanga hoke, fanga pusi, fanga panita, tia lalahi, fanga tia, fanga bird-griffin, mo e fanga lion-griffin (ngaahi meʻamoʻui fakaetalatupuʻa ʻokú ne maʻu ʻa e sino kapakau pe taʻekapakau ʻo ha manu ʻe taha pea mo e ʻulu ʻo ha manu ʻe taha).

Kau Sitiá pea mo e Tohitapú

ʻOku lave hangatonu tuʻo taha pē ʻa e Tohitapú ki he kau Sitiá. ʻI he Kolose 3:​11, ʻoku tau lau ai: “ʻOku ʻikai ai ke Kalisi mo Siu, ke kamu mo taʻekamu, ke papeliane, Sitia, popula, tauʻataina: ka kuo hoko ia kotoa ko Kalaisi pe, pea ko Kalaisi ʻoku ʻi ai taki taha.” ʻI he taimi naʻe tohi ai ʻe he ʻapositolo Kalisitiane ko Paulá ʻa e ngaahi lea ko iá, ko e kupuʻi lea faka-Kalisi naʻe fakalea ko e “Sitia” ʻoku fakahuʻunga ai, ʻoku ʻikai ko ha puleʻanga totonu, ka ko e kovi taha ʻi he kakai ʻoku ʻikai fakasivilaisé. Naʻe fakamamafaʻi ai ʻe Paula ko e malumalu ko ia ʻo e tataki ʻa e laumālie māʻoniʻoni ʻo Sihová, pe ivi ngāué, naʻa mo e faʻahinga tāutaha peheé ʻe lava ke nau ʻai ʻa e tangata fakaʻotuá.​​—Kolose 3:​9, 10.

ʻOku tui ʻa e kau ʻāsioloki ʻe niʻihi ko e hingoa ko e ʻAsikinasa ʻa ē ʻoku maʻu ʻi he Selemaia 51:27 ko e tatau ia ʻo e Ashguzai faka-ʻAsīliá, ko ha kupuʻi lea ʻa ia naʻe ngāueʻaki ki he kau Sitiá. Ko e ngaahi lauʻimaka tohi mata-tōtaó ʻoku lave ai ki ha talite ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e kakai ko ení pea mo e kau Miní ʻi ha angatuʻu ki ʻAsīlia ʻi he senituli hono fitu K.M. Ki muʻa pē ʻi he kamata ke kikite ʻa Selemaiá, naʻe fou atu ʻa e kau Sitiá ʻi he fonua ko Siutá ʻo ʻikai fai ha maumau ai ʻi heʻenau ʻalu mo e foki mei ʻIsipité. Ko ia ai, ko e tokolahi naʻa nau fanongo kiate ia ʻi heʻene tomuʻa tala ha ʻohofi ʻo Siuta mei he tokelaú naʻa nau fehuʻia nai ʻa e totonu ʻo ʻene kikité.​​—Selemaia 1:​13-​15.

ʻOku fakakaukau ʻa e kau mataotao Tohitapu ʻe niʻihi ʻoku ʻi ai ha lave ki he kau Sitiá ʻi he Selemaia 50:​42, ʻa ia ʻoku pehē ai: “ʻOku nau toʻo kaufana mo e tao; ko e faʻahinga manako fakamamahi kinautolu, pea ʻoku ʻikai haʻanau manavaʻofa; ʻoku uʻulu honau leʻo hange ko e tahi, pea ʻoku nau heka hoosi; kuo teuʻi hange ha toʻa ke tauʻi koe, taʻahine Papilone.” Ka ʻoku ngāueʻaki tefito ʻa e veesi ia ko ení ki he kau Mītiá mo e kau Pēsiá, ʻa ia naʻa nau ikunaʻi ʻa Pāpilone ʻi he 539 K.M.

Naʻe pehē ko e “fonua ko Mēkoki” ʻoku lave ki ai ʻi he Isikeli vahe 38 mo e 39 ʻoku ʻuhinga iá ki he ngaahi matakali Sitiá. Kae kehe, “ko e fonua ko Mēkokí” ʻoku ʻi ai hono ʻuhinga fakaefakatātā. ʻOku ʻuhinga mahino ia ki he feituʻu ʻo e māmaní, ʻa ia naʻe tuku ki ai ʻa Sētane mo ʻene kau ʻāngeló ʻi he hili ʻa e tau ʻi hēvaní.​​—Fakahā 12:​7-​17.

Naʻe kau ʻa e kau Sitiá ʻi hono fakahoko ʻo e kikite ʻa Nēhumi ʻo tomuʻa tala ʻa hono liua ʻo Ninivé. (Nehumi 1:​1, 14) Ko e kau Kalitiá, ko e kau Sitiá, pea mo e kau Mītiá naʻa nau maʻu ʻo vete ʻa Ninive ʻi he 632 K.M., ʻo fakatupunga ai ʻa e tō ʻa e ʻEmipaea ʻAsīliá.

Ko ha Hōloa ʻOku Misiteli

Kuo pulia ʻa e kau Sitiá, ka ko e hā hono ʻuhingá? “Ko hono moʻoní, ʻoku ʻikai pē te tau ʻiloʻi ʻa e meʻa naʻe hokó,” ko e lau ia ʻa ha taki ʻāsioloki ʻIukalaine. ʻOku tui ʻa e kau mataotao ʻe niʻihi, ʻi hono fakavaivaiʻi ʻe heʻenau manako ki he tuʻumālié, naʻa nau tō ai ʻi he senituli ʻuluakí mo hono uá K.M. ki ha kulupu foʻou ʻo e kau nofo hikihiki holo mei ʻĒsia​—ko e kau Samētia.

ʻOku fakakaukau ʻa e niʻihi ko e fekeʻikeʻi ʻi he lotolotonga ʻo e ngaahi fāmili Sitiá naʻe iku ai ki heʻenau hōloá. Lolotonga iá ʻoku pehē ʻe he niʻihi ʻoku lava ke maʻu ha toenga ʻo e kau Sitiá ʻi he lotolotonga ʻo e kau ʻOsetia ʻo e Caucasus. ʻI ha tuʻunga pē, ko e kakai fakamisiteli ko eni ʻo e kuohilí ʻoku nau fokotuʻu ha fakaʻilonga ʻi he hisitōlia ʻo e tangatá​—ko e taha ʻokú ne ʻai ʻa e hingoa Sitiá ko ha ʻuhinga tatau ia ki he anga-fakamamahí.

[Mape ʻi he peesi 24]

(Ki he konga tohi kuo fokotuʻu kakató, sio ki he tohi)

◻ Kolo Fakaeonopooni

• Kolo Motuʻa

Danube

SITIA ← HALA FAIʻANGA FONONGA

• Kiev

Dnieper

Dniester

Tahi ʻUliʻuli

ʻOSETIA

Ngaahi Moʻunga Caucasus

Tahi Kesipiá

ʻASĪLIA ← NGAAHI HALA FAKATŪʻUTÁ

◻ Ninive

Taikilisi

MĪTIA ← NGAAHI HALA FAKATŪʻUTÁ

MESOPOTĒMIA

PAPILŌNIA

◻ Pāpilone

ʻEufaletesi

ʻEMIPAEA PĒSIÁ

◻ Susa

Kūlifa Pēsiá

PĀLESITAINE

• Peti-sani (Scythopolis)

ʻISIPITE ← NGAAHI HALA FAKATŪʻUTÁ

Naila

Tahi Metiteleniané

KALISI

[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 25]

Ko e kakai tau ʻa e kau Sitiá

[Maʻuʻanga]

The State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg

[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 26]

Naʻe fakafetongi ʻe he kau Sitiá ʻenau ngaahi koloá ki he ngaahi ngāue pōtoʻi faka-Kalisí pea nau hoko ai ʻo koloaʻia ʻaupito

[Maʻuʻanga]

Courtesy of the Ukraine Historic Treasures Museum, Kiev