Saienisí mo e Lotú—Ko e Kamata ʻo ha Fepaki

KO E ʻasitalōnoma taʻu 70 naʻá ne fāinga mālohi ke lautohi ʻi he ngaahi houa fakaʻosi ʻo ʻene moʻuí. Naʻá ne pukepuke ʻa ʻene tohi, naʻe ʻosi maau ke pulusi. Pe naʻá ne ʻiloʻi pe ʻikai, ko ʻene tohí te ne fulihi fakaʻaufuli ʻa e vakai ʻa e faʻahinga ʻo e tangatá ki he ʻunivēsí. ʻE toe kamataʻi ʻe heʻene tohí ha fekīhiaki lahi ʻi loto ʻi he Puleʻanga-Haʻa-Kalisitiané, ʻa ia ko e ngaahi ola ʻo e fekīhiakí ʻoku kei ongo pē ia ʻo aʻu mai ki he ʻahó ni.

Ko e tangata naʻe tei maté ko Nikolasi Kōpenikasi, ko ha Katolika Pōlani, pea ko e taʻú ko e 1543. Ko e tohi ʻa Kōpenikasí, naʻe fakakaveinga ia ko e On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres, naʻe pehē ai ko e laʻaá, ʻo ʻikai ko e foʻi māmaní, ʻoku ʻi he loto-mālie ʻo e sisitemi solá. ʻI he foʻi ngāue pē ʻe taha, naʻe fetongi ai ʻe Kōpenikasi ʻa e tuʻunga fihi fakaʻulia, ko e sisitemi loto-mālie ʻa e foʻi māmaní ʻaki ʻa e foʻi fakakaukau faingofua fakaʻofoʻofa.

ʻUluakí, naʻe siʻi hono ʻiloʻi ʻa e fepaki ʻe hoko maí. Ko e meʻa ʻe taha, naʻe fakapotopoto ʻa Kōpenikasi ʻi heʻene fakahaaʻi ʻene ngaahi fakakaukaú. Tānaki atu ki ai, ko e Siasi Katoliká, ʻa ia naʻá ne ohi ʻa e fakakaukau ki he ʻi loto-mālie ʻa e foʻi māmaní, ʻoku hā ngali naʻá ne ala tali ange ʻi he taimi ko iá ʻa e fakamahamahalo fakasaienisí. Naʻa mo e tuʻitapú tonu naʻá ne fakaʻaiʻai ʻa Kōpenikasi ke pulusi ʻa ʻene tohí. ʻI he iku ʻo pulusi ia ʻe Kōpenikasí, naʻe tohi ai ʻa ʻene talateú tonu ʻe ha ʻētita manavahē lahi, ʻo fakahaaʻi ai ko e tui ki he ʻi loto-mālie ʻa e laʻaá, pe heliōsenitulikí ko ha sīpinga fakaefika ia, ʻo ʻikai ʻaupito ko ha moʻoni fakaʻasitalōnoma.

Hoko ʻo Fakalalahi ʻa e Fepakí

Ko e tokotaha hoko mai ki he fepakí ko e ʻasitalōnoma, mataotao matematika, mo e mataotao fīsiki ʻĪtali ko Kalileo Kalilei (1564-1642), ko ha toe Katolika foki mo ia. ʻI hono ngāueʻaki ʻa e ngaahi meʻa fakaʻata fetuʻu naʻá ne faʻu ʻo ngāueʻaki ai ʻa e ngaahi lauʻi sioʻata naʻe toki faʻu foʻou, naʻe sio ai ʻa Kalileo ki he langí ʻi ha tuʻunga fakaikiiki ne teʻeki ke mātā ki muʻa. Naʻe fakatuipauʻi kiate ia ʻi heʻene sió naʻe tonu ʻa Kōpenikasi. Naʻe toe sio foki ʻa Kalileo ki he ngaahi totitoti ʻi he laʻaá, ʻa ia ʻoku ui he ʻahó ni ko e ngaahi foʻi ʻila-laʻaá, ʻo fakakikihiʻi ai ʻa e toe tui fakafilōsofia mo fakalotu mahuʻinga ʻe taha naʻe pehē ai—ko e laʻaá ʻoku ʻikai moʻulaloa ia ki ha liliu pe maumau.

ʻI he ʻikai hangē ko Kōpenikasí, naʻe loto-toʻa mo faivelenga ʻa Kalileo ʻi hono pouaki ʻa ʻene ngaahi fakakaukaú. Pea naʻá ne fai ia ʻi ha ʻātakai fakafili fakalotu lahi ange, he ʻi he taimi ko iá naʻe hoko ai ʻo fakafepakiʻi fakahāhā ʻe he Siasi Katoliká ʻa e fakakaukau ʻa Kōpenikasí. Ko ia ai, ʻi he taimi naʻe fakakikihiʻi ai ʻe Kalileo naʻe ʻikai ngata pē ʻi he tonu ʻa e tui ki he heliōsenitulikí ka naʻe fehoanakimālie mo e Tohi Tapú, naʻe huʻuhuʻu ai ʻa e siasí ki he tui-hē.a

Naʻe ʻalu ʻa Kalileo ki Loma ke taukapoʻi ia ka naʻe ʻikai lavameʻa. ʻI he 1616 naʻe tuʻutuʻuni ai ʻa e siasí ke tuku ʻene poupou kia Kōpenikasí. Naʻe fakalongolongoʻi ai ʻa Kalileo ʻi ha vahaʻa taimi. ʻI he 1632 leva naʻá ne pulusi ai ha toe tohi ʻe taha ʻi he poupou kia Kōpenikasi. ʻI he taʻu pē hono hokó, naʻe tautea ai ʻe he Fakaʻekeʻeke Anga-Fakamamahí ʻa Kalileo ke ngāue pōpula ki he mate. Kae kehe, ʻi he fakakaukau ki hono taʻumotuʻá, naʻa nau fakasiʻisiʻi vave ai ʻa hono tauteá ki he tukupōpula faleʻi.

ʻOku vakai ʻa e tokolahi ki he fepaki ʻa Kalileo mo e siasí ko hano ikunaʻi lahi ia ʻe he saienisí ʻa e lotú, pea ʻi he toe fakalahi atu ki ai, ʻa e Tohi Tapú. Kae kehe, hangē ko ia te tau sio ki ai ʻi he kupu hoko maí, ko e fakamulituku faingofuá ni ʻoku tukunoaʻi ai ʻa e ngaahi moʻoni lahi.

[Fakamatala ʻi lalo]

[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 3]

Kōpenikasi

[Maʻuʻanga]

Toʻo mei he Giordano Bruno and Galilei (Pulusinga Siamane)

[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 3]

Taukapoʻi ʻe Kalileo ʻa ia tonu ʻi he ʻao ʻo e Fakaʻekeʻeke Anga-Fakamamahi faka-Lomá

[Maʻuʻanga]

Mei he tohi The Historian’s History of the World, Vol. IX, 1904

[Maʻuʻanga ʻo e Tā ʻi he peesi 3]

Puipuituʻa: Saati ʻoku fakahaaʻi ai ʻa e tui ʻa Kōpenikasi ki he sisitemi solá