Uesela Kenifooti—“Ko ha Tokotaha Fakalelei-Lotu ki Muʻa ʻi he Fakalelei-Lotú”

Ko e ngaahi hingoa ko e Lūtelo, Tinitale mo e Kalaviní ʻoku ʻiloʻi lelei ia ʻe he faʻahinga kotoa pē ʻoku nau ako fekauʻaki mo e Fakalelei-Lotu Palotisaní, ʻa ia naʻe kamata ʻi he 1517. Kae kehe, ko e kakai tokosiʻi pē ʻoku nau ʻiloʻi ʻa e hingoa ko e Uesela Kenifooti. Kuo ui ia “ko ha Tokotaha Fakalelei-Lotu ki muʻa ʻi he Fakalelei-Lotú.” Te ke saiʻia ke ʻilo lahi ange fekauʻaki mo e tangatá ni?

NAʻE fāʻeleʻi ʻa Uesela ʻi he 1419 ʻi he kolo ko Groningen ʻi Netaleni. ʻI he senituli hono 15, ko e kakai tokosiʻi pē naʻa nau maʻu ʻa e faingamālie ke akó, ka naʻe ako ʻa Uesela. Neongo naʻá ne poto ʻaupito ʻi he akó, naʻe pau ke ne nofo mei he akó ʻi hono taʻu hivá koeʻuhi ko e masiva ʻangoʻango ʻa ʻene ongo mātuʻá. ʻI heʻene monūʻiá, ʻi he taimi naʻe fanongo ai ha fefine uitou koloaʻia ʻi he poto ʻa kiʻi Ueselá, naʻá ne meʻaʻofa ai ke totongi ʻa ʻene akó. Ko ia naʻá ne malava ai ke hokohoko atu ʻa ʻene akó. Naʻe faifai pē ʻo ne maʻu hono mataʻitohi M.A. ʻOku hā naʻá ne toe maʻu ki mui ha hingoa fakalakanga ko e toketā teolosia.

Naʻe holi lahi ʻa Uesela ke ne maʻu ʻa e ʻiló. Kae kehe, ʻi hono ʻahó, naʻe siʻi ai ʻa e ngaahi laipelí. Neongo ne toki ʻiloʻi ʻi hono taimí ʻa e pulusi tohi ʻo ngāueʻaki ʻa e mataʻi taipe fetongitongí, ko e lahi taha ʻo e ngaahi tohí naʻe kei tohi nima pē pea naʻe mamafa ʻaupito. Naʻe kau ʻa Uesela ki ha kulupu ʻo e kau mataotao ʻa ia naʻa nau fononga mei he laipeli ki he laipeli pea mei he monasiteliō ki he monasiteliō ʻi he fekumi ki he ngaahi maniusikilipi hāhāmolofiá mo e ʻū tohi ne fuoloa ʻene pulí. Naʻa nau toki fevahevaheʻaki leva ʻa e meʻa naʻa nau ʻiló. Naʻá ne tānaki ai ha ʻilo lahi ʻaupito ʻo fakafonu haʻane kiʻi tohi fakafoʻituitui ʻaki ʻa e ngaahi fakamatala mo e ngaahi konga mei he ʻū tohi Kalisi mo e Latina motuʻá. Naʻe faʻa huʻuhuʻu ai ʻa e kau teolosia kehé koeʻuhi ko e lahi fau ʻa e ngaahi meʻa naʻe ʻiloʻi ʻe Uesela ʻa ia kuo ʻikai ʻaupito te nau fanongo ki ai ki muʻa. Naʻe ui ʻa Uesela ko e Magister Contradictionis, pe Mataotao ʻi he Tuʻunga Fepakipakí.

“Ko e Hā ʻOku ʻIkai Te Ke Taki Ai Au kia Kalaisí?”

ʻI he taʻu nai ʻe 50 ki muʻa ʻi he Fakalelei-Lotú, naʻe fetaulaki ai ʻa Uesela mo Tōmasi Kemipisi (1379-​1471 nai), ʻa ia ʻoku tali lahi ko e faʻu-tohi ia ʻo e tohi ʻiloa ko e De Imitatione Christi (Faʻifaʻitaki kia Kalaisi). Naʻe kau ʻa Tōmasi Kemipisi ki he Fanga Tokoua ʻo e Moʻui Anga-Mahení, ko ha kautaha ʻa ia naʻe fakamamafaʻi ai ʻa e moʻui fakalotú. Ko ha faipiokālafi ʻo Uesela ʻokú ne fakamatala naʻe fakalototoʻaʻi ʻi he taimi lahi ʻe Tōmasi Kemipisi ʻa Uesela ke ne lotu kia Malia ʻo kole ha tokoni. Naʻe tali ange ʻe Uesela ʻo ne pehē: “Ko e hā ʻoku ʻikai te ke taki ai au kia Kalaisí, ʻa ia ʻokú ne fakaafeʻi anga-ʻofa mai ʻa e faʻahinga kotoa ʻoku mafasiá ke nau haʻu kiate iá?”

Naʻe fakahaaʻi ʻo pehē naʻe fakafepaki ʻa Uesela ki hono fakanofo ia ki he tuʻunga pātelé. ʻI hono ʻeke ʻa e ʻuhinga naʻe ʻikai te ne tali ai ke teleʻi hono loto ʻulú ke fakaʻilongaʻi ko ha mēmipa ia ʻo e haʻa faifekaú, naʻá ne tali naʻe ʻikai te ne ilifia ki hano tautau ia, kehe pē ʻokú ne maʻu ʻa e kotoa ʻo ʻene ngaahi malava fakaefakakaukaú. ʻOku hā mahino naʻá ne ʻuhingá ki he moʻoniʻi meʻa ko ia ko e kau pātele ʻosi fakanofó heʻikai lava ke tautea fakalao kinautolu, pea ʻoku hā naʻe fakahaofi moʻoni ʻi hono teleʻi ʻo e loto ʻulú ʻa e kau pātele tokolahi mei hono tautau kinautolú! Naʻe ʻikai foki tali ʻe Uesela ha ngaahi tōʻonga fakalotu anga-maheni ʻe niʻihi. Ko e fakatātaá, naʻe fakaangaʻi ia ʻi heʻene fakafisi ke tui ki he ngaahi meʻa naʻe hoko fakaemana naʻe fakamatalaʻi ʻi ha tohi manakoa ʻi hono ʻahó, ko e Dialogus Miraculorum. ʻI he tali ki aí, naʻá ne pehē: “ʻE lelei ange ke lautohi mei he Tohi Tapu Māʻoniʻoní.”

“ʻOku Tau ʻIlo Pē ʻa e Meʻa ʻOku Tau ʻEké”

Naʻe ako ʻe Uesela ʻa e lea faka-Hepeluú mo e faka-Kalisí ʻo ne maʻu ai ʻa e ʻilo lahi ki he ngaahi tohi ʻa e muʻaki ngaahi Tamai ʻa e Siasí. Ko ʻene manako ʻi he ongo muʻaki lea ʻo e Tohi Tapú ʻoku mātuʻaki fakaofo, koeʻuhí naʻá ne moʻui ki muʻa ʻia ʻIlesimasi mo Lokilini.a Ki muʻa ʻi he Fakalelei-Lotú, naʻe hāhāmolofia ʻa e ʻilo ki he lea faka-Kalisí. ʻI Siamane, ko ha kau mataotao tokosiʻi pē naʻa nau alāanga mo e lea faka-Kalisí, pea naʻe ʻikai ala maʻu ai ha ngaahi tohi tokoni ke ako ʻa e leá. Hili e tō ʻa Konisitanitinopale ʻi he 1453, ʻoku hā mahino naʻe fetuʻutaki ai ʻa Uesela mo e kau mōnike Kalisi ʻa ia naʻa nau hola ki he Hihifó, pea naʻá ne ako meia kinautolu ʻa e lea faka-Kalisi tefitó. ʻI he ngaahi ʻaho ko iá, ko e kau Siú pē naʻa nau ʻilo ʻa e lea faka-Hepeluú, pea ngalingali naʻe ako ʻe Uesela ʻa e lea faka-Hepelū tefitó mei he kau ului Siú.

Naʻe ʻofa lahi ʻa Uesela ʻi he Tohi Tapú. Naʻá ne vakai ki ai ko ha tohi naʻe fakamānavaʻi ʻe he ʻOtuá peá ne tui ko e ngaahi tohi kotoa ʻi he Tohi Tapú ʻoku nau feongoongoi kakato. Kia Uesela, ko e fakaʻuhingaʻi ʻo e ngaahi veesi Tohi Tapú naʻe pau ke feongoongoi ia mo e potutohí pea heʻikai lava ke mioʻi. Ko e fakamatala mioʻi kotoa pē ʻoku tonu ke vakai ki ai ko e afe nai mei he moʻoní. Ko e taha ʻo ʻene ngaahi veesi Tohi Tapu naʻá ne saiʻia aí ʻa e Mātiu 7:​7, ʻa ia ʻoku pehē ai: “Kumi, pea te mou ʻilo.” Koeʻuhi ko e lau ʻa e foʻi veesi ko iá, naʻe tui mālohi ai ʻa Uesela ʻoku ʻaonga ke ʻeke ha ngaahi fehuʻi, ʻo ne fakaʻuhinga “ʻoku tau ʻilo pē ʻa e meʻa ʻoku tau ʻeké.”

Ko ha Kole Fakaʻohovale

ʻI he 1473, naʻe ʻaʻahi ai ʻa Uesela ki Loma. Naʻe fakaʻatā ai ia ke ne talanoa mo Tuʻitapu Sisitasi IV, ko e ʻuluaki ia ʻi he kau tuʻitapu ʻe toko ono ʻa ia naʻe iku ʻenau ʻulungāanga taʻetaau kovi ʻaupitó ki he Fakalelei-Lotu Palotisaní. ʻOku fakahaaʻi ʻe he faihisitōlia ko Barbara W. Tuchman, ko Sisitasi IV naʻá ne kamataʻi ha vahaʻa taimi ʻo e “tuli taʻemā, taʻefakapulipuli mo taʻetuku ki he koloa fakafoʻituituí mo e fakamālohi fakapolitikí.” Naʻá ne fakaʻohovaleʻi ʻa e kakai ʻo e siasí ʻaki ʻene filifilimānako fakahāhā ki hono fāmilí. ʻOku tohi ʻe he faihisitōlia ʻe taha ʻo pehē naʻe loto nai ʻa Sisitasi ke ʻai ʻa e lakanga fakatuʻitapú ko ha pisinisi fakafāmili. Ko e tokosiʻi pē naʻa nau fakatoʻotoʻa ke fakahalaki ʻa e ngaahi ngāue hala ko iá.

Kae kehe, naʻe kehe ʻa Uesela Kenifooti ia. ʻI he ʻaho ʻe taha naʻe tala ange ai ʻe Sisitasi kiate ia: “ʻE hoku foha, kole mai ha meʻa pē te ke fiemaʻu, pea te u ʻoatu ia maʻau.” Naʻe tali ange leva ʻe Uesela: “Tamai māʻoniʻoni, . . . koeʻuhi ko koe ʻi he māmaní ʻokú ke nofo ʻi he nofoʻanga ʻo e taulaʻeiki mo e tauhi-sipi māʻolunga tahá, ʻoku ou kole atu . . . ke ke fakahoko ho fatongia māʻolungá ʻi he founga ʻa ia ʻi he taimi ko ē ʻe haʻu ai ʻa e Tauhi Lahi ʻo e fanga sipí, . . . ʻe lava ke ne pehē atu ai kiate koe: ‘Mālō, siʻi tamaioʻeiki lelei mo lototō, hū koe ki he fiefiaʻanga ʻo hoʻo ʻEikí.’” Naʻe tali ange ʻe Sisitasi ko hono fatongiá ia pea ʻoku totonu ke fili ʻe Uesela ha meʻa maʻana. Naʻe tali ange ʻe Uesela: “ʻOku ou kole atu leva ke ke ʻomai haʻaku Tohi Tapu faka-Kalisi mo e faka-Hepelū mei he Laipeli ʻa e Vatikanó.” Naʻe tali ʻe he tuʻitapú ʻa ʻene kolé ka naʻá ne pehē naʻe fakavalevale ʻa Uesela pea naʻe totonu ke ne kole ki ha lakanga fakapīsope!

“Ko ha Loi pea ko ha Hala”

ʻI he fiemaʻu lahi ha paʻanga ki hono langa ʻo e Fale Lotu Sisitini ʻiloá, naʻe hanga ai ʻa Sisitasi ki hono fakatau atu ʻo e ʻitulisēsia ki he kau maté. Ko e ngaahi ʻitulisēsia ko ení naʻe manakoa lahi fakaʻulia. Ko e tohi ko e Vicars of Christ​—The Dark Side of the Papacy ʻoku fakamatala ai: “Ko e kau uitou fefiné mo e kau uitou tangatá mo e ngaahi mātuʻa mamahí naʻa nau fakamoleki ʻenau paʻangá kotoa ʻi he feinga ke hū ki tuʻa ʻa e faʻahinga ʻoku nau ʻofa aí mei Pulekatolio.” Ko e ʻitulisēsiá naʻe talitali lelei ia ʻe he kakai lāuvalé, ʻa ia naʻa nau tui fakaʻaufuli naʻe lava ʻe he tuʻitapú ke ne fakapapauʻi ʻe ʻalu ʻa e faʻahinga ʻoku nau ʻofa aí ki hēvani.

Kae kehe, naʻe tui mālohi ʻa Uesela ko e Siasi Katoliká, ʻo kau ai ʻa e tuʻitapú, naʻe ʻikai te ne malava ke fakamolemoleʻi ʻa e angahalá. Naʻe ui fakahāhā ʻe Uesela ʻa e fakatau atu ʻo e ngaahi ʻitulisēsiá “ko ha loi pea ko ha hala.” Naʻe ʻikai foki ke ne tui ko e kofesio ki he kau pātelé naʻe fiemaʻu ke fakamolemoleʻi ai ʻa e angahalá.

Naʻe toe fehuʻia ʻe Uesela ʻa e pehē ʻoku taʻefaihala ʻa e tuʻitapú, ʻi heʻene pehē ko e ngaahi makatuʻunga ʻo e tuí ʻe vaivai kapau ʻoku ʻamanekina maʻu pē ke tui ʻa e kakaí ki he kau tuʻitapú, koeʻuhí he ʻoku nau fai ʻa e ngaahi fehālaaki. Naʻe tohi ʻe Uesela: “Kapau ʻoku siʻaki ʻe he kau pīsopé ʻa e ngaahi fekau ʻa e ʻOtuá pea fokotuʻu ʻenau ngaahi fekau faʻu pē ʻe kinautolu, . . . ko e meʻa ʻoku nau faí mo fekauʻí ʻoku taʻeʻaonga.”

Teuteu ʻe Uesela ʻa e Hala ki he Fakalelei-Lotú

Naʻe mate ʻa Uesela ʻi he 1489. Neongo naʻá ne fakafepakiʻi ʻa e niʻihi ʻo e ngaahi fehālaaki ʻi he siasí, naʻá ne kei Katolika pē. Ka neongo ia, naʻe ʻikai ʻaupito fakahalaiaʻi ia ʻe he siasí ko ha tokotaha lotu hē. Kae kehe, hili ʻa ʻene maté, naʻe feinga ʻa e kau mōnike Katolika loto-māfana tōtuʻá ke fakaʻauha ʻa ʻene ʻū tohí koeʻuhi ko e fakakaukau naʻe ʻikai te nau haohaoa ʻo fakatatau ki he ngaahi akonaki ʻa e siasí. ʻI he aʻu ki he taimi ʻo Lūteló, ne meimei ngalo ʻosi ai ʻa e hingoa ʻo Ueselá, naʻe ʻikai pulusi ha taha ʻo ʻene ʻū tohí, pea naʻe kei toe pē ha ngaahi maniusikilipi siʻi ʻaupito. Ko e ʻuluaki pulusinga ʻo e ʻū tohi ʻa Ueselá naʻe toki pulusi ia ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e 1520 mo e 1522. Naʻe kau ai ha tohi naʻe fai ʻe Lūtelo ʻa ia naʻá ne fakaongoongoleleiʻi tonu ai ʻa e ʻū tohi ʻa Ueselá.

Neongo naʻe ʻikai ko ha Tokotaha Fakalelei-Lotu ʻa Uesela, ʻo hangē ko Lūteló, naʻá ne fakahalaiaʻi fakahāhā ʻa e niʻihi ʻo e ngaahi fehālaaki ʻa ia naʻe taki atu ai ki he Fakalelei-Lotú. Ko hono moʻoní, ʻoku fakamatalaʻi ia ʻe he Cyclopedia ʻa McClintock mo Strong “ko e tokotaha mahuʻinga taha ʻi he lotolotonga ʻo e kau tangata Siamane ʻa ia naʻa nau tokoni ki hono teuteu ʻa e hala ki he Fakalelei-Lotú.”

Naʻe vakai ʻa Lūtelo kia Uesela naʻá na faʻahi. ʻOku tohi ʻe he faʻu-tohi ko C. Augustijn: “ʻOku fakahoa ʻe Lūtelo ʻa hono taimí mo e ikuʻangá ki he tuʻunga ko ia ʻo ʻIlaisiaá. Hangē ko e fakakaukau ʻa e palōfitá ko ia pē toko taha naʻe toe ke ne fai ʻa e ngaahi tau ʻa e ʻOtuá, naʻe pehē tofu pē ʻa e ongoʻi ʻa Lūtelo naʻá ne mātuʻaki toko taha ʻi heʻene ngaahi fāinga mo e siasí. Ka ʻi heʻene lau ʻa e ʻū tohi ʻa Ueselá naʻá ne ʻiloʻi ai naʻe fakahaofi ʻe he ʻEikí ha ‘toenga ʻi ʻIsileli.’” “Naʻe aʻu ʻo fakahaaʻi ʻe Lūtelo: ‘Kapau naʻá ku lau ki muʻa ange ʻa ʻene ʻū tohí, naʻe mei fakakaukau ʻa hoku ngaahi filí naʻe ako ʻe Lūtelo ʻa e meʻa kotoa pē meia Uesela, he ko hono laumālié ʻoku mātuʻaki tatau mo hoʻokú.’”b

“Te Mou ʻIlo”

Naʻe ʻikai hoko fakafokifā ʻa e Fakalelei-Lotú. Ko e taʻau mai ʻa e ngaahi fakakaukau ʻa ia naʻe taki atu ai ki he Fakalelei-Lotú naʻe tafe mai ia ʻi ha vahaʻa taimi lahi. Naʻe ʻiloʻi ʻe Uesela ko e tuʻunga ololalo ʻo e kau tuʻitapú ʻe faifai pē ʻo iku ki he holi ki ha fakalelei. Naʻá ne pehē ʻi he taimi ʻe taha ki ha tokotaha ako: “Tamasiʻi ako mālohi, te ke moʻui ʻo sio ʻi he ʻaho ʻa ia ʻe siʻaki ai ʻa e ngaahi akonaki ʻa e . . . kau teolosia faʻa keé ʻe he kau mataotao Kalisitiane moʻoni kotoa pē.”

Neongo naʻe ʻiloʻi ʻe Uesela ʻa e niʻihi ʻo e ngaahi fehālaaki mo e ngāue kovi ʻi hono taimí, naʻe ʻikai te ne malava ke fakahaaʻi ʻa e maama kakato ʻo e moʻoni Fakatohitapú. Kae kehe, kiate ia ko e Tohi Tapú ko ha tohi ia ʻoku totonu ke lau mo ako. Fakatatau ki he tohi A History of Christianity, ko Uesela “naʻá ne pehē, ʻi hono fakamānavaʻi ʻe he Laumālie Māʻoniʻoní, ko e Tohi Tapú ʻa e mafai aofangatuku ki he ngaahi meʻa ʻo e tuí.” ʻI he māmani ʻi onopōní, ʻoku tui ai ʻa e kau Kalisitiane moʻoní ko e Tohi Tapú ko e Folofola fakamānavaʻi ia ʻa e ʻOtuá. (2 Timote 3:​16) Kae kehe, ko e ngaahi moʻoni Fakatohitapú ʻoku ʻikai kei ʻuliʻulilātai pe faingataʻa ke ʻiloʻi. ʻI he ʻahó ni, ʻo lahi ange ʻi he kuohilí, ʻoku moʻoni ai ʻa e tefitoʻi moʻoni Fakatohitapu: “Kumi, pea te mou ʻilo.”—Mātiu 7:7; Palovepi 2:​1-6.

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UESELA MO E HUAFA ʻO E ʻOTUÁ

ʻI he ʻū tohi ʻa Ueselá, ʻoku liliu lahi ai ʻa e huafa ʻo e ʻOtuá ko “Sohova.” Kae kehe, naʻe ngāueʻaki tuʻo ua pe lahi ange ʻe Uesela ʻa e “Sihová.” ʻI he lāulea ki he ngaahi fakakaukau ʻa Ueselá, ʻoku fakaʻosiʻaki ai ʻe he faʻu-tohi ko H. A. Oberman ʻo pehē naʻe ongoʻi ʻe Uesela kapau naʻe ʻiloʻi ʻe Tōmasi ʻAkuino mo e niʻihi kehe ʻa e lea faka-Hepeluú, “ne nau mei ʻiloʻi ko e huafa ʻo e ʻOtuá naʻe fakahā kia Mōsesé ʻoku ʻikai ʻuhinga iá ko e ‘Ko au ko au ai pe,’ ka ko e ‘Te u hoko ki he tokotaha te u hoko ki aí.’”c Ko e New World Translation ʻokú ne ʻomai totonu ʻa e ʻuhingá “Te u hoko ki ha meʻa pē ʻoku ou loto ke hoko ki aí.”​—Ekisoto 3:​13, 14.

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Maniusikilipi: Universiteitsbibliotheek, Utrecht

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Naʻe fakafepakiʻi ʻe Uesela ʻa e fakatau atu ʻo e ngaahi ʻitulisēsia naʻe poupouʻi ʻe Tuʻitapu Sisitasi IV