Tisaini kae ʻIkai ha Tokotaha-Tisaini?
KUO maliu atu ʻa e meimei taʻu ʻe 150 mei hono fokotuʻu mai ʻe Charles Darwin ko e tuʻunga fihi mo kehekehe ʻo e moʻuí ko e tupu ia mei hono filifili ʻe natula. Kae kehe, ko ʻene foʻi fakakaukau ko ia ʻo e ʻevalūsioó pea mo hono tuʻunga kehekehe ʻi onopōní kuo fakafepakiʻi ia ki muí ni ʻe he faʻahinga ʻoku nau tui ko e tonu fakaofo ʻo e tefitoʻi faʻunga ʻo e ngaahi meʻamoʻuí ʻokú ne fakahaaʻi mai ha tisaini naʻe ʻi ai hono taumuʻa. Naʻa mo ha kau faisaienisi falalaʻanga ʻaupito ʻoku ʻikai te nau tali ʻa e foʻi fakakaukau ko ia ko e ʻevalūsioó ʻa e tupuʻanga ʻo e faʻahinga meʻamoʻui lahi ko ia ʻoku tau sio ki ai ʻi he māmaní.
Ko e niʻihi ʻo e kau faisaienisi ko ení ʻoku nau ʻomai ha fakaʻuhinga kehe—ʻoku ʻiloa ko e tisaini pōtoʻi—ʻo pehē ko e tisaini ʻi he fakatupú ʻoku poupouʻi mālohi ia ʻe he saienisi ʻo e meʻamoʻuí, fiká mo e ʻatamai leleí. ʻOku nau feinga ke fakakau ʻa hono fakamatalaʻi ʻo e fakakaukaú ni ʻi he ngaahi lēsoni saienisi ʻi he ʻapiakó. Ko e fepaki ko eni ʻi he ʻevalūsioó ʻoku hoko ia meimei ʻi ʻAmelika, ka ʻoku līpooti ha tuʻunga meimei tatau ʻi Netaleni, Pākisitani, Sēpia, Toake mo ʻIngilani.
Ko ha Liʻaki Fakapuputuʻu
Kae kehe, ʻoku faʻa ʻi ai ha meʻa ʻoku ʻilonga ʻa hono liʻaki ʻi he taukapo fakaleaʻi fakalelei ko ia ʻo e tisaini pōtoʻí. ʻA ia ko e ʻikai fai ha lave ki ha tokotaha-tisaini. ʻOkú ke tui ʻoku ala fakakaukau atu ki ha tisaini kae ʻikai hano tokotaha-tisaini? Ko e kau poupou ʻo e tisaini pōtoʻí “ʻoku ʻikai te nau fai ha lave mahino pe ko e hā pe ko hai nai ʻa e tokotaha-tisaini ko ení,” ko e fakamatala ia ʻa e New York Times Magazine. Naʻe fakahā ʻe he faʻu-tohi ko Claudia Wallis ko e kau taukapoʻi ʻo e tisaini pōtoʻí ʻoku nau “tokanga ke ʻoua ʻe fakakau mai ʻa e ʻOtuá ʻi he lāuleá.” Pea naʻe pehē ʻe he makasini Newsweek ko e “tisaini pōtoʻí ʻoku ʻikai ha lave ia ai ki he ʻi ai pea mo e tokotaha ko ia ʻoku ʻaʻana ʻa e tisainí.”
Kae kehe, ʻoku malava ke ke mahinoʻi ʻoku taʻeʻaonga ʻa e feinga ke kalo mei he ʻīsiu ko ia ʻo e tokotaha-tisainí. ʻE malava fēfē ke kakato ʻa e fakamatala fekauʻaki mo e tisaini ʻi he ʻunivēsí pea mo e moʻuí tonu ʻo kapau naʻe fufū pe ʻikai fai ha lave ki he ʻi ai mo e tokotaha ko e tokotaha-tisainí?
ʻI ha tuʻunga, ko e tipeiti ko ia pe ʻe ʻohake ha tokotaha-tisaini pe ʻikaí ʻoku nofo ia ʻi he ngaahi fehuʻi ko ení: ʻE taʻofi nai ʻa e fakalakalaka fakasaienisí mo e fakaʻatamaí ʻi hono tali ʻoku ʻi ai ha tokotaha-tisaini ʻoku mahulu hake ʻi he tangatá? ʻOku toki tali pē ha tokotaha-tisaini poto ʻi he taimi ʻoku ʻikai ke toe maʻu ai ha fakamatalá? Pea ʻoku mātuʻaki ʻuhinga lelei nai ke fakaʻosiʻaki mei he tisainí ʻoku ʻi ai ha tokotaha-tisaini? Ko e kupu hoko maí ʻe fakamatalaʻi ai ʻa e ngaahi fehuʻí ni mo ha ngaahi fehuʻi ʻoku felāveʻi mo ia.
[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 3]
Naʻe tui ʻa Charles Darwin ko e tuʻunga fihi ʻo e moʻuí ko e tupu ia mei hono filifili ʻe natula
[Maʻuʻanga]
Darwin: From a photograph by Mrs. J. M. Cameron/U.S. National Archives photo