Ko e Tuʻitapú ʻa e “Fetongi ʻo Sangato Pitá”?

ʻI HE 2002, naʻe fai ai ʻe Sione Paulo II ha tohi ki he pīsope ʻo Limburg, Siamané, ʻo fakataʻeʻaongaʻi ha fili naʻe fai ʻe he pīsopé fekauʻaki mo e fakatōtamá. Naʻe fakafeʻiloaki ʻaki ʻe he tuʻitapú ʻene fakahinohinó ʻaki ʻene fakahaaʻi ko ia ʻoku fakafatongiaʻi ki he “lelei mo e fāʻūtaha ʻa e ngaahi siasi tāutaha kotoa pē fakatatau ki he finangalo ʻo Sīsū Kalaisí.” Naʻá ne taukaveʻi ʻokú ne maʻu ʻa e mafai ke fakataʻeʻaongaʻi ʻa e fili ʻa e pīsopé koeʻuhi ʻi he tuʻunga ko e tuʻitapú, ʻoku pehē ai ko ia ʻa e “fetongi ʻo Sangato Pitá.”

Fakatatau ki ha fakamatala ʻa e Katolika Lomá, “naʻe fokotuʻu ʻe Kalaisi ʻa Sā. Pita ko e taki ʻi he kotoa ʻo e kau ʻapositoló.” ʻOku toe taukaveʻi ʻe he Siasi Katoliká “naʻe fakahaaʻi ʻe Kalaisi ʻoku totonu ke maʻu ʻe Pita ʻa e fetongi hokohoko ʻi he lakanga tuʻu-ki-muʻa ko ení; pea ko e kau pīsope Lomá ʻa e ngaahi fetongi ko ení.”—New Catholic Encyclopedia (2003), Voliume 11, peesi 495-496.

ʻOku mahuʻinga ʻa e ngaahi taukaveʻi ko iá. Kuó ke sivisiviʻi ʻiate koe pē pe ʻoku tonu? Fakakaukau angé ki he tali ki he fehuʻi ʻe tolu: (1) ʻOku poupouʻi ʻe he Tohi Tapú ʻa e taukaveʻi ʻo pehē ko Pita ʻa e ʻuluaki tuʻitapú? (2) Ko e hā ʻoku akoʻi ʻe he hisitōliá fekauʻaki mo e tupuʻanga ʻo e fetongitongi ʻa e kau tuʻitapú? (3) ʻOku poupouʻi ʻe he ʻulungaanga mo e ngaahi akonaki ʻa e kau tuʻitapú ʻenau taukaveʻi ko e fetongi kinautolu ʻo Pitá?

Ko Pita ʻa e ʻUluaki Tuʻitapú?

Ke fakamoʻoniʻi ʻoku fokotuʻu ʻia Pita ʻa e siasí, kuo fuoloa hono ngāueʻaki ʻe he kau Katoliká ʻa e lea ʻa Sīsū ʻoku hiki ʻi he Mātiu 16:18: “Ko Pita koe, pea ʻi he fuʻu maká ni te u langa ai ʻa ʻeku fakatahaʻangá.” Ko hono moʻoní, ko e ngaahi lea ko iá ʻoku tā tongitongi ia he lea faka-Latiná ʻi he ʻaofi ʻo e Pasilika ʻo Sā. Pita ʻi Lomá.

Ko ʻAokositaine, ko ha Tamai ʻa e Siasí ne vakai ʻoku māʻoniʻoni, naʻá ne pehē he taimi ʻe taha ko e fakatahaʻangá naʻe langa ʻia Pita. Kae kehe, ʻi he ofi ke ngata ʻene moʻuí, naʻe liliu ʻene fakakaukau ki he ʻuhinga ʻo e lea ʻa Sīsuú. ʻI ha tohi ʻoku ʻiloa ko e Retractations, naʻe fakaʻuhinga ai ʻa ʻAokositaine ʻo pehē ko Sīsū naʻe langa ai ʻa e siasí, ʻa ia ko e fakatahaʻanga Kalisitiané, ʻo ʻikai ko Pita. ʻI hono moʻoní, ʻi he lea fekauʻaki mo Pitá, naʻá ne tohi: “Naʻe ʻikai tala kiate ia ‘Ko koe ʻa e maká,’ ka ‘Ko Pita koe.’ Ko e maká ko hono moʻoní ko Kalaisi.”a

Ko e moʻoni, ʻoku tuʻu-ki-muʻa ʻa Pita ʻi hono fakahaaʻi ʻi he ngaahi Kōsipelí. Naʻe fili ʻe Sīsū ʻa e toko tolu ʻo ʻene kau ʻapositoló—Sione, Sēmisi, mo Pita—ke nau ʻi ai mo ia ʻi ha ngaahi meʻa makehe naʻe hoko. (Maʻake 5:37, 38; 9:2; 14:33) Naʻe ʻoange ʻe Sīsū kia Pita “ʻa e ngaahi kī ʻo e Puleʻanga ʻo hēvaní,” ʻa ia naʻe ngāueʻaki ʻe Pita ke fakaava ʻa e hala ki he Puleʻangá—ʻuluakí ki he kau Siú mo e kau ului Siú, pea ki he kau Samēliá, pea fakaʻosi ki he kau Senitailé. (Mātiu 16:19; Ngāue 2:5, 41; 8:14-17; 10:45) Fakatatau ki hono ʻulungaanga fakakaumeʻá, naʻe hoko ai ʻa Pita he taimi ʻe niʻihi ko e tangata-lea maʻá e kau ʻapositoló fakakātoa. (Ngāue 1:15; 2:14) Ka ʻoku ʻai ʻe he ngaahi moʻoniʻi meʻa ko ení ʻa Pita ko e ʻulu ia ʻo e muʻaki fakatahaʻangá?

Naʻe tohi moʻoni ʻa e ʻapositolo ko Paulá ʻo pehē ko Pitá naʻe tuku kiate ia “ke hoko ko e ʻapositolo ki he faʻahinga ʻoku kamú na.” (Kalētia 2:8) Kae kehe, ko e potutohi ʻo e lea ʻa Paulá ʻoku fakahaaʻi ai naʻe ʻikai te ne pehē naʻe tataki ʻe Pita ʻa e fakatahaʻangá. Ko e fakamatala ʻa Paulá naʻe fekauʻaki ia mo e ngafa ʻo Pita ʻi heʻene malanga ki he kau Siú.

Neongo ne ʻoange kia Pita ʻa e fatongia lahi, ʻoku ʻikai ha feituʻu he Tohi Tapú ʻoku tau maʻu ai naʻá ne taukaveʻi ko e ʻulu ia ʻo e fakatahaʻangá pea ʻi he tuʻunga ko iá, ko hono fai e ngaahi fili maʻá e kau ākongá ʻi honau tuʻunga ko ha kulupú. ʻI heʻene tohí, naʻá ne ui ai ia “ko ha ʻapositolo” pea ‘ko ha kaungā-mātuʻa’—ʻo ʻikai mahulu atu ai.—1 Pita 1:1; 5:1.

Ko e Hā ʻOku Akoʻi ʻe he Hisitōliá Fekauʻaki mo e Tupuʻanga ʻo e Pule Fakatuʻitapú?

Ko e taimi fē pea naʻe anga-fēfē leva ʻa e hoko mai ʻa e fakakaukau ki he pule fakatuʻitapú? Ko e fakakaukau ko ia naʻe ala tali ke feinga ha tangata ʻe toko taha ke tuʻu-ki-muʻa ʻi hono kaungātuí naʻe kamata ke faiaka ia lolotonga ʻa e kei moʻui ʻa e kau ʻapositoló. Naʻe anga-fēfē vakai ʻa e kau ʻapositoló ki he fakakaukau peheé?

Naʻe tala ʻe he ʻapositolo tonu ko Pitá ki he kau tangata ʻa ia naʻa nau takimuʻa ʻi he fakatahaʻangá ke ʻoua te nau “fiepule ki he faʻahinga ʻa ia ko e tofiʻa ʻo e ʻOtuá”; naʻe fiemaʻu ke nau kofuʻaki kinautolu ʻa e feangafakatōkilaloʻaki. (1 Pita 5:1-5) Naʻe fakatokanga ʻa e ʻapositolo ko Paulá ʻo pehē ʻe ʻalu hake mei he loto fakatahaʻangá ʻa e kau tangata ʻa ia te nau “leaʻaki ʻa e ngaahi meʻa kuo mioʻi ke tohoakiʻi atu ai ʻa e kau ākongá ke muimui ʻiate kinautolu.” (Ngāue 20:30) ʻI he ofi ki he ngataʻanga ʻo e ʻuluaki senituli T.S., naʻe fai ai ʻe he ʻapositolo ko Sioné ha tohi ʻa ia naʻá ne talatalaakiʻi ai ha ākonga ko hono hingoá ko Taiotifi. Ko e hā naʻe valokiʻi aí? Ko e ʻuhinga ʻe taha he ko e tangatá ni naʻá ne “saiʻia ke ne takimuʻa” ʻi he fakatahaʻangá. (3 Sione 9) Ko e akonaki pehē mei he kau ʻapositoló naʻe hoko ia ko ha taʻotaʻofi, ʻo taʻofi ai ʻi ha taimi ʻa e kumi tuʻunga ʻa e faʻahinga ko ia naʻa nau feinga ke tuʻu-ki-muʻá.—2 Tesalonaika 2:3-8.

Taimi nounou mei he mate ʻa e kau ʻapositolo fakamuimui tahá, naʻe kamata ai ke maʻu ʻe he faʻahinga tāutaha ʻa e tuʻunga tuʻu-ki-muʻa ange. ʻOku pehē ʻe he Cambridge History of Christianity: “Ngalingali naʻe ʻikai ha pīsope ‘fakatuʻi’ ʻe taha ʻi Loma ki muʻa he vaeuaʻanga ʻo e senituli hono uá.” ʻI he aʻu mai ki he senituli hono tolú, naʻe fakahaaʻi ai ʻe he pīsope ʻo Lomá ko ia tonu ʻa e mafai māʻolunga tahá, ʻi ha tuʻunga ki he ngaahi konga ʻo e siasí.b Ke toe fakamamafaʻi ʻa e taukaveʻi ko e pīsope ʻo Lomá ʻokú ne maʻu ʻa e mafai māʻolunga angé, kuo faʻu ai ʻe he niʻihi ha lisi ʻo e kau fetongi ʻo Pitá.

Kae kehe, ko e lisi ko ení ʻoku siʻi hono ʻomai ai ha poupou ki he taukaveʻí. Ko e hā hono ʻuhingá? ʻUluakí, ko e hingoa ʻe niʻihi he lisí ʻoku ʻikai lava ke fakapapauʻi. Ko e toe mahuʻinga angé, ko e makatuʻunga ʻo e lisí ʻoku tamele. Anga-fēfē? Neongo kapau naʻe malanga ʻa Pita ʻi Loma, hangē ko ia ʻoku fakahuʻunga ʻi he ʻū tohi fakamāmani mei he senituli ʻuluakí mo e uá, ʻoku ʻikai ha fakamoʻoni ia naʻá ne hoko ko e ʻulu ʻo e fakatahaʻanga ʻi aí.

Ko e fakamoʻoni ʻe taha naʻe ʻikai ko Pita ʻa e ʻulu ʻo e fakatahaʻanga ʻi Lomá ko e taimi ko ia naʻe fai ai ʻe he ʻapositolo ko Paulá ʻene tohi ki he kau Lomá, naʻá ne fakakau ai ha lisi lahi ange ʻo e kau Kalisitiane ʻi aí. Neongo ia, naʻe ʻikai ʻaupito haʻane lave kia Pita. (Loma 16:1-23) Kapau ko Pita naʻe ʻulu he fakatahaʻangá, ʻe lava ke tau fakakaukauloto atu naʻe fakangaloʻi pe tukunoaʻi ia ʻe Paula?

Fakatokangaʻi foki, ʻi he taimi nai naʻe fai ai ʻe Pita ʻene ʻuluaki tohi fakamānavaʻí, naʻe fai ai ʻe Paula ha tohi hono ua kia Tīmote. ʻI he tohi ko iá, naʻe ʻikai toumoua ʻa Paula ke lave ki Loma. Ko hono moʻoní, naʻe fai ʻe Paula ʻa e tohi ʻe ono mei Loma, ʻo ʻikai lave he tohi kotoa ko iá kia Pita.

ʻI ha taʻu nai ʻe 30 hili hono fai ʻe Paula ʻene ʻū tohí, naʻe fai ai ʻe he ʻapositolo ko Sioné ha tohi ʻe tolu mo e tohi Fakahaá. Naʻe ʻikai lave ʻa Sione he ʻū tohí ni ʻo pehē ko e fakatahaʻanga ʻi Lomá naʻe tuʻu-ki-muʻa tahá, pea naʻe ʻikai te ne lave ki ha taki ʻo e siasí ʻa ia naʻá ne maʻu ʻa e lakanga māʻolunga ʻo ha fetongi tokua ʻo Pita. ʻOku ʻikai poupouʻi ʻe he Tohi Tapú pe ko e fakamoʻoni mei he hisitōliá ʻa e taukaveʻi ko ia naʻe fakahaaʻi tonu ʻe Pita ko e ʻuluaki pīsope ia ʻo e fakatahaʻanga ʻi Lomá.

ʻOku Poupouʻi ʻe he ʻUlungaanga mo e Akonaki ʻa e Kau Tuʻitapú ʻa ʻEnau Taukaveʻí?

ʻE totonu ʻetau ʻamanekina ha taha ʻokú ne taukaveʻi ko ia ʻa e “fetongi ʻo Sangato Pitá” mo e “Vika ʻa Kalaisí” ke ne muimui he ʻulungaanga mo e akonaki fakatouʻosi ʻa Pita mo Kalaisí. Ko e fakatātaá, naʻe tali ʻe Pita ha tōʻongafai makehe mei hono kau tuí? ʻIkai. Naʻá ne fakafisi ke fakaʻatā ha fakahaaʻi makehe pē ʻo ha fakaʻapaʻapa ke fai ange kiate ia. (Ngāue 10:25, 26) Fēfē ʻa Sīsū? Naʻá ne pehē naʻá ne haʻú ke tauhi ki he niʻihi kehé, ʻo ʻikai ke tauhia ia. (Mātiu 20:28) ʻI hono kehé, ko e hā e lēkooti ʻoku maʻu ʻe he kau tuʻitapú? ʻOku nau siʻaki ʻa e tuʻu-ki-muʻá, fakafisingaʻi ʻa e ngaahi hingoa fakalakanga māʻolungá, pea fakaʻehiʻehi mei he fiehā ʻo fakaʻaliʻali ʻa e koloá mo e mafaí?

Ko Pita mo Kalaisi fakatouʻosi ko e ongo tangata faitotonu fakaeʻulungaanga naʻá na pouaki ʻa e melinó. Fakafehoanaki hona lēkōtí mo e meʻa ʻoku leaʻaki ʻe he ʻenisaikolopētia Katolika Lexikon für Theologie und Kirche (Tikisinale ki he Teolosiá mo e Siasí) fekauʻaki mo Tuʻitapu Leo X: “ʻI he kau he meʻa fakapolitikalé pea faʻa fai ʻa e alea fakapisinisi fakaponé mo līʻoa ki he ngaahi mālie fakausousa fakamāmaní, naʻe liʻaki ai ʻe Leo X ʻa e ngaahi ngāue fakavavevave ʻoku natula fakalaumālié.” Ko Karl Amon, ko ha pātele Katolika pea ko ha palōfesa ʻo e hisitōlia ʻo e siasí, ʻokú ne pehē ko e ngaahi līpooti papau fekauʻaki mo Tuʻitapu ʻAlekisānita VI ʻoku fakahaaʻi ai “ha tuʻunga lahi fakaʻulia ʻo e taʻefaitotonú, ngāuehalaʻaki ʻa e mafaí, totongi fufū, mo e ʻulungaanga taʻetaau.”

Fēfē ʻa e ngaahi akonaki ʻa e kau tuʻitapú? ʻOku anga-fēfē hono fakahoa ia mo e ngaahi akonaki ʻa Pita mo Kalaisí? Naʻe ʻikai tui ʻa Pita ʻe ʻalu ʻa e kakai lelei kotoa pē ki hēvani. ʻI heʻene lave ki he tuʻi lelei ko Tēvitá, naʻá ne fakahaaʻi mahino: “Naʻe ʻikai ke ʻalu hake ʻa Tēvita ia ki he langí.” (Ngāue 2:34) Pea naʻe ʻikai akoʻi ʻe Pita ʻoku totonu ke papitaiso ʻa e fanga kiʻi valevalé. ʻI hono kehé, naʻá ne akoʻi ko e papitaisó ko ha sitepu ia ke fili fakakonisēnisi ki ai ha tokotaha tui.—1 Pita 3:21.

Naʻe akoʻi ʻe Sīsū ʻoku ʻikai totonu ki ha taha ʻo ʻene kau ākongá ke nau feinga ke hoko ʻo tuʻu-ki-muʻa ange ʻi ha taha kehe pē. “Kapau ʻoku loto ha taha ke ne muʻomuʻa,” ko e lea ia ʻa Sīsuú, “kuo pau ke ne muimui taha pea ke ne sevāniti maʻá e tokotaha kotoa.” (Maʻake 9:35) Taimi nounou ki muʻa heʻene pekiá, naʻe fai ai ʻe Sīsū ʻa e fakahinohino māʻalaʻala ko ení ki hono kau muimuí: “ʻOua naʻa ui kimoutolu ko e Lāpai, he ʻoku taha pē hoʻomou Faiakó, ka ko kimoutolu kotoa pē ko e fanga tokoua. Pehē foki, ʻoua naʻa ui ha taha ʻi māmani ko hoʻomou tamai, he ʻoku taha pē hoʻomou Tamaí, ko e Tokotaha fakahēvaní. Pea ʻoua foki naʻa ui ko ha kau taki, he ʻoku taha pē homou Takí, ko Kalaisi.” (Mātiu 23:1, 8-10) ʻOkú ke pehē kuo pouaki ʻe he kau tuʻitapú ʻa e ngaahi akonaki ʻa Pita mo Kalaisí?

ʻOku pehē ʻe he niʻihi ko e fetongi ʻo e kau tuʻitapú ʻoku kei tauhi maʻu ia tatau ai pē pe ko e tokotaha ʻokú ne maʻu ʻa e lakangá ʻoku ʻikai te ne tataki ha moʻui faka-Kalisitiane. ʻOkú ke fakakaukau ʻoku ʻuhinga lelei ʻa e fakaʻuhinga ko iá? Naʻe pehē ʻe Sīsū: “Ko e ʻakau lelei kotoa pē ʻoku fua lelei, ka ko e ʻakau kovi kotoa pē ʻoku fua taʻeʻaonga. Ko ha ʻakau lelei ʻe ʻikai lava ke fua taʻeʻaonga pehē foki ki ha ʻakau kovi ʻe ʻikai lava ke fua lelei.” Makatuʻunga he fakamoʻoní, ʻokú ke fakakaukau naʻe loto ʻa Pita pe ko Kalaisi ke fakafekauʻaki kinaua ki he ngaahi fua kuo ʻomai ʻe he kau tuʻitapú?—Mātiu 7:17, 18, 21-23.

[Fakamatala ʻi lalo]

[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 14]

ʻOku fakahaaʻi ʻi he fakamoʻoní kuo muimui ʻa e kau tuʻitapú ʻi he faʻifaʻitakiʻanga ʻa Pitá?