ʻOku Totonu Ke Ke Fakateka Betel Nut?
ʻI HA hala ʻi he fakatonga ʻo ʻĒsiá, ʻoku malimali mai ai ha tokotaha anga-fakakaumeʻa, ʻo hā mai hono nifó ʻoku ʻuliʻuli pea fonu hono ngutú ʻi he fāvai lanu kulokula-toto. ʻOku ʻaʻanu leva ʻa e tokotahá ni ʻi he lueʻangá, ʻo tau ai ha meʻa kulokula palakū. Ko e tokotaha ko iá ʻoku fakateka betel nut.
Mei ʻAfilika Hahake, Pākisitani, mo ʻInitia pea ʻalu ai ki he tonga-hahake ʻo ʻĒsiá pea ki Pāpua Niu Kini mo e Maikolonīsiá, ko e kau fakateka betel nut ʻoku laui teau miliona honau tokolahí—ko e pēseti ia ʻe 10 nai ʻo e tokolahi ʻo e māmaní. Ko e kau fakatau atu ʻo e betel nut, ʻi he taimi ʻe niʻihi ʻoku kau atu ʻenau fānaú, ʻi hono fokotuʻu ʻa ʻenau ngaahi tēpilé ʻi he ngaahi māketi ki he kakaí pea ʻi he ngaahi halá. ʻOku ngāueʻaki ʻe he niʻihi ʻo e kau fai-fakataú ʻa e ngaahi maama tuʻuaki mo ha tamaiki fefine vala taifiifi—“ngaahi foʻi hoihoifua betel nut”—ke tohoakiʻi mai ʻaki ʻa e kau fakataú.
ʻI māmani lahi, ko hono fakatau atu ʻa e betel nut ʻoku maʻu ai ʻa e paʻanga ʻe laui piliona. Ka ko e hā ʻa e betel nut? Ko e hā ʻoku lamu fakateka ai ia ʻe he kakai tokolahi? ʻOku anga-fēfē hono uesia ʻe he tōʻonga ko iá ʻenau moʻuí? Ko e hā ʻa e vakai ʻa e Tohi Tapú fekauʻaki mo e tōʻonga ko ení? Pea ʻoku lava fēfē ke taʻofi ʻe he kau fakateká ʻa e tōʻonga ko iá?
Ko e Hā ʻa e Betel Nut?
Ko e meʻa ko ia ʻoku anga-maheni ʻaki hono ui ko e betel nut ko hono moʻoní ko e fua ia ʻoku kakano ʻo e paame ko e areca (paame betel), ko ha ʻakau ʻo e talopikí ʻa ia ʻoku maʻu ʻi he Pasifikí mo e tonga-hahake ʻo ʻĒsiá. Ko e hingoa betel ko e haʻu ia mei he betel-pepper ko e fanga kiʻi ʻakau ʻoku ʻikai haʻana fekauʻaki. Ko e kau fakateka betel nut ʻoku nau takai ha meʻi kongaʻi areca fakataha mo ha meʻi efuefu mineral lime ʻaki ʻa e lauʻiʻakau ko e betel-pepper. ʻOku fakatupu ʻe he efuefu lime ʻa hono tukuange mai ʻo e komipauni ʻoku ʻi ai hono ola fakatupu longomoʻui. ʻOku tānaki atu ʻe he kau fakateka ʻe niʻihi ha ngaahi sipaisi, tapaka, pe ngaahi meʻa fakamelie ke fakaifoifoʻaki.
Ko e fio ʻo e ngaahi meʻa ko ení ʻokú ne fakatupu mai ʻa e fāvaí pea fakalanu kulokula-toto ia. Ko ia, ʻoku toutou ʻaʻanu ai ʻa e kau fakateká, naʻa mo ʻenau ʻaʻanu mai ki tuʻa mei ha meʻalele ki he kau lue laló!
Fakateka Pē ki he ʻAuha!
“Ko e areca nut kuo ngāueʻaki ia talu mei muʻa pea kuo ngāuelahiʻaki ia ʻi he ngaahi ʻuhinga fakasōsiale, fakafonua pea naʻa mo e ngaahi ʻuhinga fakalotu,” ko e lau ia ʻa ha līpooti ʻi he Oral Health. “ʻOku faʻa fakakaukau ʻa e kau fakateká ʻoku ʻikai ke hoko ai ha maumau pea ʻoku līpooti mai ha ongoʻi lelei, fiefia lahi, [pea] mo ha ongoʻi māfana ʻo e sinó . . . Kae kehe, kuo fakahaaʻi mei he fakamoʻoní, ʻoku ʻikai ke taʻeʻiai hano maumau.” Anga-fēfē?
ʻOku tui ʻa e kau maʻu mafai ki hono taʻotaʻofi ʻo e faitoʻo kona tapú ko e taha ʻo e ngaahi komipauni ʻi he betel nut ʻoku malava ke hoko ia ʻo fakatupu maʻunimā. Ko hono moʻoní, ʻoku aʻu ʻo fakateka ʻe he niʻihi ʻa e foʻi betel nut ʻe 50 ʻi he ʻaho! ʻIkai fuoloa, kuo hoko ʻo melo ʻa e nifó, pea hoko nai ai ʻo mahakiʻia ʻa e teʻenifó. Fakatatau ki he Oral Health, ko e faʻahinga ʻoku tōʻongaʻaki ʻa e fakateká ʻe malava ke hā ʻia kinautolu ʻa e “chewers mucosa”—ko ha meʻa taumaʻu lanu kulokula-melomelo pea faʻa mingi ʻa e ʻēlia ʻi loto he ʻaofi ngutú. ʻOku toe hoko foki ai ʻo nau “mahaki tauhi ʻaki, ʻalu ke kovi ange, pea patu . . . ʻa e ʻēlia ʻi loto he ʻaofi ngutú,” ko ha tuʻunga ʻoku ui ko e oral submucous fibrosis.
Ko e fakateka betel nut ʻoku toe fakafekauʻaki ia ki ha faʻahinga kanisā ngutu ʻoku ui ko e oral squamous cell carcinoma, ʻa ia ʻe lava ke hoko foki ʻi he lotoʻi mongá. Ko e māʻolunga ko ia ʻa e kanisā ngutú ʻi he haʻohaʻonga ʻo e kakai lalahi ʻi he tonga-hahake ʻo ʻĒsiá ʻoku hā ngali ke fakamoʻoniʻi ai ʻa e meʻá ni. ʻI he feituʻu Taiuaní, ʻoku fakafuofua ki he pēseti ʻe 85 ʻo e ngaahi kanisā ngutú ʻoku maʻu ia ʻi he kau fakateka betel nut. ʻIkai ko ia pē, “ko e lahi ko ia ʻo e kanisā ngutu ʻi Taiuaní—ʻa e taha ʻi he ngaahi tupuʻanga tuʻu-ki-muʻa ʻe 10 ʻo e maté ʻi he motú—kuo meimei liunga fā ia ʻi he taʻu ʻe 40 kuohilí,” ko e lau ia ʻa e The China Post.
ʻOku meimei tatau pē ʻa e tuʻungá ni ʻi he ngaahi feituʻu kehé. ʻOku pehē ʻi he Papua New Guinea Post-Courier: “Ko e fakateka betelnut ʻoku manakoa taha ʻi Pāpua Niu Kiní, ʻoku mate ai ʻa e kakai ʻoku ʻikai toe siʻi hifo ʻi he toko 2,000 ʻi he taʻu pea ʻoku kaunga ia ki he ngaahi palopalema fakaemoʻuilelei lahi, fakatatau ki he Sōsaieti Fakafaitoʻo ʻa Pāpua Niu Kiní.” “Ko e ngaahi nunuʻa ʻo hono ngāueʻaki tuʻumaʻu ʻa e betel,” fakatatau ki ha toketā ʻe taha pea ko ha faʻutohi fakafaitoʻo, “ʻoku kehekehe ʻo hangē pē ko e ifi tapaká” pea ʻoku kau ai ʻa e mahaki ʻi he mafú mo e kālava totó.
Ko e Hā ʻa e Vakai ʻa e Tohi Tapú?
Ko e Tohi Tapú ʻoku ʻikai ko ha tohi fakafaitoʻo, pea ʻoku ʻikai ke lave fakahangatonu ai ki he fakateka betel nut. Kae kehe, ʻoku ʻi ai ha ngaahi tefitoʻi moʻoni kehekehe lahi ʻa ia ʻe malava ke ne tokoniʻi kitautolu ke tau moʻuiʻaki ha moʻui ʻoku maʻa ange, moʻui lelei ange, mo lelei ange. Fakakaukau angé ki he ngaahi veesi Tohi Tapu ko ení pea mo e ngaahi fehuʻi ʻoku langaʻi hake aí.
“Siʻi faʻahinga ʻofeina, tuku ke tau fakamaʻa kitautolu mei he ʻuli kotoa pē ʻo e kakanó mo e laumālié, ʻo fakahaohaoa hotau tuʻunga māʻoniʻoní ʻi he manavahē ki he ʻOtuá.” (2 Kolinitō 7:1) “ʻOatu homou ngaahi sinó . . . ʻoku . . . toputapu, mo fakahōifua ki he ʻOtuá.” (Loma 12:1) ʻE hoko ha taha ʻo toputapu, pe maʻa, ʻi he vakai mai ʻa e ʻOtuá ʻo kapau te ne ʻuliʻi hono sinó ʻaki haʻane fakateka betel nut?
“Fakafou [ʻi he ʻOtuá], ʻoku tau maʻu ai ʻa e moʻuí.” (Ngāue 17:28) “Ko e meʻaʻofa lelei kotoa pē mo e foaki haohaoa kotoa pē ʻoku mei ʻolunga ia.” (Sēmisi 1:17) Ko e moʻuí ko ha meʻaʻofa mahuʻinga ia mei he ʻOtuá. Ko ha tokotaha ʻokú ne fai ʻa e ngaahi tōʻonga ʻoku malava ke fakatupunga ai ha mahaki, ʻokú ne fakahā nai ʻokú ne tokaʻi ʻa e meʻaʻofa ko iá?
“ʻOku ʻikai lava ha taha ke ngāue fakatamaioʻeiki ki ha ʻeiki ʻe toko ua.” (Mātiu 6:24) “ʻE ʻikai te u tuku ke ʻai au ʻe ha meʻa ke u ʻi he malumalu ʻo hono mafaí.” (1 Kolinitō 6:12) ʻOku totonu ke fakaʻatā ʻe ha tokotaha ʻokú ne loto ke fakahōifuaʻi ʻa e ʻOtuá ʻa ia tonu ke ne hoko ko ha tamaioʻeiki ki ha tōʻonga taʻemaʻa, ʻo tuku ia ke ne puleʻi ʻene moʻuí?
“Kuo pau ke ke ʻofa ki ho kaungāʻapí ʻo hangē pē ko hoʻo ʻofa kiate koé.” (Maʻake 12:31) “Ko e ʻofá ʻoku ʻikai malava ke ne fai ha kovi ki ha kaungāʻapi.” (Loma 13:10, The New English Bible) Te tau fakahāhā ʻa e ʻofa moʻoní ki he niʻihi kehé kapau ʻoku tau ʻaʻanu atu ha fāvai kulokula palakū—mo taʻemaʻa—ʻi he ngaahi lueʻangá, ngaahi ʻaluʻangá, pe ʻi he ngaahi feituʻu kehé?
ʻI ha tuʻunga taʻealakalofi, ‘ko e meʻa ʻoku tau toó te tau utu.’ (Kalētia 6:7, 8) Ko e lao tefito eni ʻo natulá. Ko ia ai, kapau ʻoku tau tō ʻa e ngaahi tōʻonga koví, te tau utu ʻa e meʻa ʻoku kovi. Kae kehe, ʻi heʻetau moʻui ʻo hangē ko ia naʻe fakataumuʻa ʻe he ʻOtuá ke tau moʻuiʻakí, ʻa ia ʻoku kau ai ʻa hono maʻu ʻo e ngaahi tōʻonga leleí, ʻe ʻikai ngata pē ʻi heʻetau utu ʻa e meʻa ʻoku leleí ka te tau toe maʻu ai ʻa e fiefia moʻoni mo tuʻuloa. Kapau ʻokú ke tōʻongaʻaki ʻa e fakateka betel nut ka ʻokú ke loto ke maʻu ha moʻui lelei ange mo fakakoloa ange ʻaki hono fai ʻa e meʻa ʻoku totonu ʻi he vakai mai ʻa e ʻOtuá, ʻoku malava fēfē ke ke ikunaʻi hoʻo tōʻongá? Fēfē ke ke fakakaukau mo faʻa lotu ki he ngaahi sitepu ʻe tolu ko eni ke ʻahiʻahiʻi mo vakaiʻí?
Ngaahi Sitepu ʻe Tolu ki Hono Taʻofi ʻa e Tōʻongá Ni
1. ʻAi ke ueʻi koe. Ke ikuʻi ha tōʻonga kovi, ʻoku fiemaʻu kiate koe ʻa e fakaueʻiloto mālohi ange ia ʻi he ʻilo pē fekauʻaki mo ʻene fakatuʻutāmaki ki hoʻo moʻuí. He ko ē, ko e kakai tokolahi ʻoku nau kīvoi ʻi he fakateka betel nut, ifi tapaká, pe ngāuekoviʻaki ʻa e faitoʻo kona tapú, lolotonga ia hono ʻiloʻi kakato ko ʻenau tōʻongá ʻe malava ke fakatuʻutāmaki ki heʻenau moʻui leleí mo ʻenau moʻuí. Ke fakaivimālohiʻi hoʻo fakaueʻilotó, fēfē nai ke ke ako fekauʻaki mo ho Tokotaha-Fakatupú mo ʻene ʻofa lahi kiate koé ʻaki hono sivisiviʻi ʻa e Tohi Tapú? “Ko e folofola ʻa e ʻOtuá ʻoku moʻui pea ko e koto mālohi,” ko e lau ia ʻa e Hepelū 4:12.
2. Kole ki he ʻOtuá ha tokoni. “Hanganaki kole, pea ʻe foaki ia kiate kimoutolu,” ko e lau ia ʻa Sīsū Kalaisí. “Hanganaki kumi, pea te mou ʻilo; hanganaki tukituki, pea ʻe fakaava ia kiate kimoutolu. He ko ia kotoa pē ʻoku kolé ʻokú ne maʻu, pea ko ia kotoa pē ʻoku kumí ʻokú ne ʻilo, pea ko ia kotoa pē ʻoku tukitukí, ʻe fakaava ia kiate ia.” (Luke 11:9, 10) ʻI he taimi ʻoku vakai hifo ai ʻa e ʻOtua moʻoni ko Sihová kiate koe ʻokú ke kumi loto-moʻoni mo lotu ange kiate ia ki ha tokoni mo ha mālohí, heʻikai te ne tukunoaʻi koe. “Ko e ʻOtuá ko e ʻofa,” ko e lau ia ʻa e 1 Sione 4:8. Ko e tokotaha naʻá ne hokosia ʻa e ʻofa ko iá ko e ʻapositolo Kalisitiane ko Paulá. Naʻá ne tohi: “He ko e ngaahi meʻa kotoa pē ʻoku ou maʻu ʻa e ivi ki ai fakafou ʻiate ia ʻokú ne ʻomai kiate au ʻa e mālohí.”—Filipai 4:13.
3. Kumi ki he tokoni ʻa e niʻihi kehé. Ko e kakai ʻokú ke feohi mo iá ʻoku malava ke ʻi ai ʻene tākiekina mālohi ʻiate koe ki he lelei pe ki he kovi. “Ko ia ʻoku fafale ki he kau poto, te ne hoko ko e poto: Ka ko ia ʻoku kaumeʻa mo e sesele ʻe hoko ko e lusa,” ko e lau ia ʻa e Palōveepi 13:20. Ko ia fili fakapotopoto ho ngaahi kaungāmeʻá! ʻI he haʻohaʻonga ʻo e Kau Fakamoʻoni ʻa Sihová ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e tokolahi naʻa nau fakateka betel nut ki muʻa. Ka ʻi heʻenau feohi mo e kaungātuí pea ako ʻa e Tohi Tapú, naʻa nau maʻu ʻa e tokoni lahi ange naʻe fiemaʻu kia kinautolu ke nau ikunaʻi ʻaki ʻenau tōʻonga taʻemaʻá.
[Puha/Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 21]
NAʻA NAU TAʻOFI ʻA E TŌʻONGÁ NI
Naʻe fakaʻekeʻeke ʻe he ʻĀ Hake! ha toko nima ʻa ia naʻa nau fakateka betel nut ki muʻa ka kuo fuoloa ʻenau tuku atu ʻa e tōʻongá ni. Fakakaukau angé ki he meʻa kuo nau leaʻakí.
Ko e hā naʻá ke fakateka betel nut aí?
Pauline: Naʻe ʻomai ʻe heʻeku ongo mātuʻá kiate au ʻa e betel nut ʻi heʻeku kei siʻí. Ko e tōʻonga anga-maheni ia ʻi he kolo ʻo homau motú ʻi Pāpua Niu Kiní.
Betty: Naʻe ʻomai kiate au ʻe heʻeku tamaí ʻa e betel nut ʻi he taimi naʻá ku taʻu ua aí. ʻI heʻeku taʻu hongofulu tupú, naʻá ku faʻa toʻo holo ha ngaahi foʻi betel nut lahi ʻaupito ʻou hangē ai ha fuʻu ʻakau betel nut! Naʻe fuʻu maʻunimā lahi ʻaupito au ʻo hoko ai ko e ʻuluaki meʻa naʻá ku fai ʻi he pongipongi kotoa pē ko e fakateka betel nut.
Wen-Chung: Naʻe kamata ke u fakateka betel nut ʻi heʻeku taʻu 16. Naʻe fai ʻa e vakai ki ai ʻoku tika mo te hoko ai ʻo fuʻu tangata, pea naʻá ku loto ke tali au ʻe he niʻihi kehé.
Jiao-Lian: Naʻá ku fakatau atu ʻa e betel nut ke tokoni fakapaʻanga kiate au. Koeʻuhi ke u lavameʻá, naʻá ku ongoʻi ai naʻe pau ke u fakapapauʻi ko ʻeku meʻa naʻe fakatau atú ko e kalasi ʻuluakí ia, ko ia naʻe kamata ai ke u ʻahiʻahiʻi ia. Naʻe iku ai ke u tōʻongaʻaki ia.
Naʻe anga-fēfē hono uesia ʻe he tōʻongá ni ʻa hoʻo moʻuí?
Jiao-Lian: Naʻe tau ʻa e meʻa lanu kulokula-totó ʻi hoku ngutú, nifó mo e loungutú. ʻOku ou mā ʻi he sio ki hoku ngaahi laʻitā ʻi he taimi ko iá. ʻOku kei pala pē hoku loungutú.
Pauline: Naʻe faʻa pala ʻa hoku ngutú, tokotokakovi, peá u fakalele.
Betty: Ko hoku mamafá naʻe pāuni pē ʻe 77 (35 kg), ʻa ia naʻe fuʻu tōlalo ʻaupito hoku mamafá ki ha tokotaha lahi ʻokú ne maʻu hoku māʻolungá. Naʻe matamatakovi hoku nifó, pea naʻá ku faʻa fufulu mo fakangingila ia ʻaki ʻa e sitiló.
Sam: Naʻá ku faʻa fakalele pea mahakiʻia hoku teʻenifó. ʻI he taimi ní ʻoku toe taha pē hoku foʻi nifó! Pea ʻoku pau pē naʻe ʻikai ke tokoni ʻa ʻeku ngāueʻaki ʻa e sitiló ke fakangingila hoku nifó.
Ko e hā naʻá ke tuku ai ʻa e tōʻongá ni?
Pauline: Naʻá ku lau ʻi he Tohi Tapú ʻa e 2 Kolinitō 7:1 ʻa ia ko e finangalo ia ʻo e ʻOtuá ke tau “fakamaʻa kitautolu mei he ʻuli kotoa pē ʻo e kakanó.” Naʻá ku fakapapauʻi ai ke u feinga mālohi ke fakahōifuaʻi ʻa hoku Tokotaha-Fakatupú.
Sam: Naʻá ku loto ke ngāue ʻa e laumālie māʻoniʻoni ʻo Sihova ko e ʻOtuá ʻi heʻeku moʻuí, ko ia naʻá ku lotu ai ke tokoniʻi au ʻe Sihova ke u talitekeʻi ʻa e fakatauele ke fakateka betel nut. Naʻá ne tali ʻa ʻeku ngaahi lotú. Kuo teʻeki te u toe fakateka betel nut ʻi he taʻu ʻaki eni ʻe 30 nai.
Jiao-Lian: Lolotonga ʻa ʻeku lau ʻa e Tohi Tapú, naʻá ku lau hifo ai ʻa e ngaahi leá ni “Fakamaʻa homou nimá, ʻa kimoutolu kau angahala.” (Sēmisi 4:8) Ko e fakahinohino ko iá naʻe maongo moʻoni ia kiate au. ʻE lava ke kei totonu ʻeku ngāueʻaki pea fakatau atu ʻa e betel nut, lolotonga ia hono ʻiloʻi ʻa e maumau ʻe lava ke ne faí? ʻI he mōmeniti pē ko iá naʻá ku fakapapauʻi ai ke ‘fakamaʻa hoku nimá’ mei he tōʻonga taʻemaʻa fakaesino mo fakalaumālie ko ení.
Kuo anga-fēfē ʻene ʻaonga kiate koe ʻa hoʻo tuku atu ʻa e tōʻongá ni?
Wen-Chung: Naʻe kamata ʻeku fakateka betel nut koeʻuhí ke tali au ʻe hoku ngaahi toʻumeʻá. ʻOku ou maʻu he taimí ni ha vahaʻangatae ʻoku toe mahuʻinga ange mo Sihova pea mo hoku fanga tokoua mo e fanga tuofāfine fakalaumālié.
Sam: ʻOku ou moʻui lelei ange he taimí ni—fakaesino mo fakalaumālie. Pea koeʻuhí ʻoku ʻikai te u fakamoleki tavale ʻa e paʻangá ʻi he ngaahi tōʻonga koví, ʻoku lava ai ke u tokangaʻi lelei ange ʻa hoku fāmilí.
Pauline: ʻOku ou ongoʻi tauʻatāina mo maʻa. ʻOku hinehina mo mālohi hoku nifó. Pea ko hoku falé mo ʻeku ngoué ʻoku ʻikai ke toe ʻi ai ha ngaahi kiliʻi betel nut mo tau ai ha ngaahi meʻa kulokula palakū.
Betty: ʻOku ou maʻu ha konisēnisi maʻa mo ha moʻui lelei lahi ange. Ko hono moʻoní, ʻoku malava fakatouʻosi ai ke u ngāue ko ha faiako pea mo ha faifekau Kalisitiane taimi-kakato.
[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 20]
Betty
Pauline
Wen-Chung
Jiao-Lian
Sam
[Taiakalami/Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 19]
(Ki he fakamatala kakato, sio ki he tohí)
Ko hono fai tuʻumaʻu ʻa e fakateka betel nut ʻe malava ke iku atu ia ki he ngaahi tuʻunga fakafaitoʻo mafatukituki
Melo ʻa e nifó mo mahakiʻia ʻa e teʻenifó
Oral submucous fibrosis
Oral squamous cell carcinoma
[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 18]
Ko e betel nut ʻoku takai ia ʻaki ʻa e lauʻiʻakau ko e betel-pepper