Mulawo Katana Kristo

“Nduuyandisya loko mulao wako! Nduuyeeya buzuba boonse!”—INTEMBAUZYO 119:97.

1. Ncinzi ceendelezya kweenda kwanyenyeezi?

IKUZWA kubwana, Jobu ulalangilwa kuti wakali kulungumana kaebelela nyenyeezi cakugambwa. Ambweni bazyali bakwe bakali muyiisyizye mazina aamilalabungu alimwi aluzyibo lwabo ilujatikizya milawo yeendelezya bweende bwamilalabungu mujulu. Kayi basikale bakali kukubelesya kweenda kwabubambe bupati obu bwanyenyeezi ikuzyiba kucinca kwaziindi zyamwaka. Pele naebelela buti Jobu kagambidwe, taakwe naakazyi nguzu zipati loko izijisilizi nyenyeezi mububambe oobu. Aboobo taakwe ambwaakali kunga ulavwuwa ciindi Jehova Leza naakamubuzya kuti: “Sa ulizi milao yamajulu?” (Jobu 38:31-33) Masimpe nyenyeezi zileendelezegwa amilawo—imilawo iigaminide akukatazya cakuti ibasayaansi basunu tabamanizizye kwiiteelela pe.

2. Nkaambo nzi ncokunga kwategwa zilenge zyeendelezegwa aamulawo?

² Jehova ngo Similawo Mupati wakoonse-koonse. Milimo yakwe yoonse yeendelezegwa amilawo. Mwanaakwe uuyandwa, “mutaanzi kuzyalwa kuzilenge zyoonse,” wakali kwiimvwa milawo ya Wisi cakusyomeka kakutanaba zintu zyabubumbe! (Ba-Kolose 1:15) Bangelo abalo beendelezyegwa aamulawo. (Intembauzyo 103:20) Nobaba banyama beendelezegwa aamalailile ngaakateyela limwi Mulengi wabo mulimbabo.—Tusimpi 30:24-28; Jeremiya 8:7.

3. (a) Nkaambo nzi muntu ncayandika mulawo? (b) Ino Jehova wakabelesya nzi kweendelezya cisi ca Israyeli?

³ Ino walo muntu? Nokuba kuti tulilelekedwe azipego zili mbuli maanu, kulilemeka azyakumuuya, tuciyandika mulawo wa Leza kuti utusolwede mukuzibelesya zipego ezi. Bazyali besu, ba Adamu a Eva, bakalilondokede, cakuti bakali kuyandika buyo milawo misyoonto yakubasolweda. Iluyando lwabo kuli Wisi wakujulu lwakeelede kubapa kaambo kazulide kakukondwa ikumumvwida. Pele bakanyansya. (Matalikilo 1:26-28; 2:15-17; 3:6-19) Aboobo, bana babo bakazooba bantu basizibi balo bakali kuyandika milawo minji yakubasolweda. Muciindi Jehova siluyando wakacizuzikizya eci icakali kuyandika. Wakapa Nowa milawo iigaminide yalo njaakeelede kuyiisya bamukwasyi wakwe. (Matalikilo 9:1-7) Kwiinde myaanda yamyaka, ikwiinda muli Musa, Leza wakazoopa ciinga cipya ca Israyeli Mulawo uupandulwidwe, uulembedwe. Eeci ncecakali ciindi cakusaanguna Jehova naakeendelezya cisi cizulide kwiinda mumulawo wabuleza. Kuulanga-langa oyo Mulawo kuyootugwasya kuteelela lubazu lutasyaali nduujisi mulawo wabuleza mumaumi aa Banakristo sunu.

Mulawo wa Musa—Imulimo Wawo

4. Ino ndipenzi nzi lyakali kuzoopa kuti cibayumine baluzubo lusale lwa Abrahamu ikuti bazyale Lunyungu lusyomezyedwe?

⁴ Mwaapostolo Paulo oyo walo wakali haabupampu kukwiiya Mulawo, wakabuzya wati: “Lino ngwenzi Mulao?” (Ba-Galatiya 3:19) Kutegwa tuwiingule mubuzyo oyu, tweelede kwiibaluka kuti Jehova wakasyomezya mulongwaakwe Abrahamu kuti muluzubo lwakwe mumwakali kuzoosikila Lunyungu lwalo iluzooleta zilongezyo zipati kumasi oonse. (Matalikilo 22:18) Pele mpaawa ipenzi mpolyakabede: Tabali boonse baluzubo lwa Abrahamu basale, ibana Israyeli, ibakali bantu bamuyanda Jehova pe. Mukuya kwaciindi, bunji bwabo bakajanika kuba bayumu moyo, bazangi—mane bamwi zyakali mpengele biya! (Kulonga 32:9; Deuteronomo 9:7) Kuli baaba, ikuba akati kabantu ba Leza kwakali kuzyalwa buyo, kutali kulisalila biya.

5. (a) Ncinzi Jehova ncaakayiisya bana Israyeli kwiinda mu Mulawo wa Musa? (b) Mbuti Mulawo mbuwakabambilidwe kweendelezya kulilemeka kwabasikuutobela?

⁵ Mbuti bantu bali boobu mbubakali kunga bagwasyigwa a Lunyungu lusyomezyedwe? Kwiinda kuti abeendelezye mbuli mincini, Jehova wakabayiisya kwiinda mumulawo. (Intembauzyo 119:33-35; Isaya 48:17) Atwaambe kuti, ibbala lya Cihebrayo ilyaamba “mulawo” ilyakuti toh·rahʹ, ncolyaamba “mmalailile.” Ino wakali kuyiisya nzi? Citaanzi nciwakali kuyiisya bana Israyeli ncakuti bayandika Mesiya, walo uuyoobavwuna kubusizibi bwabo. (Ba-Galatiya 3:24) Alimwi Mulawo wakayiisya kuyoowa kwabuna Leza alimwi alumvwido. Kweendelana acisyomezyo cakapegwa Abrahamu, ibana Israyeli bakeelede kuba bakamboni ba Jehova kumasi oonse ambi. Aboobo Mulawo wakeelede kubayiisya kulilemeka kabotu, munzila iiyootondezya kuti batobela Jehova; yakali kuzoogwasya bana Israyeli kukkala kabazandukide kumicito isofweede iyamasi aakabazingulukide.—Levitiko 18:24, 25; Isaya 43:10-12.

6. (a) Ino Mulawo wa Musa ulaa tupango tutandila kumweelwe nzi, alimwi nkaambo nzi nceuteelede kubonwa kukomenesya? (Amubone kagwalo kakunsi) (b) Ncinzi ncetunga twazyiba kwiinda mukwiiya Mulawo wa Musa?

⁶ Anu ncencico Mulawo wa Musa ncuujisi tupango tunji—itwiinda ku 600.a Ooyu mulawo uulembedwe wakali kweendelezya bukombi, mfwulumende, kulilemeka, lubeta, nobuba busani abulondo biya. Sena lino nkokuti Mulawo wakali buyo mulongo wamalailile aatakwe cilongwe aataindi ambali? Nkule-kule buyo! Kwiiya Mulawo oyu kulabutondezya loko bube bwa Jehova bwaluyando. Amulange zikozyanyo zimwi.

Imulawo Wakali Kwiide Kununkila Luse Aluzyalo

7, 8. (a) Mbuti Mulawo mbuwakali kwaambisya luse aluzyalo? (b) Mbuti Jehova mbwakuubelesya Mulawo munzila yaluse kumulandu wa Davida?

⁷ Imulawo wakali kwaambisya luse aluzyalo, ikapati kubacete batakonzyi kuligwasya. Bamukabafwu abamucaala wakabagama buya kuti kabakwabililwa. (Kulonga 22:22-24) Banyama bamilimo bakali kukwabililwa kulunya. Lubono lwabantu lwakali kulemekwa. (Deuteronomo 24:10; 25:4) Nokuba kuti Mulawo wakalaa cisubulo calufwu kumujayi, wakali kupa kuti luse lukonzeke kuti kujaya kwatacitwa aacaali. (Myeelwe 35:11) Kulibonya kuti babetesi bana Israyeli bakalaangulukide kusala kuti naa milandu imwi ipedwe cisubulo nzi, ikutobela mbuli mbwaulanga mulandu uulaawo.—Amweezyanye Kulonga 22:7 alimwi a Levitiko 6:1-7.

⁸ Jehova wakapa cikozyanyo kubabetesi kwiinda mukuyuma kukuubelesya Mulawo aawo mpuuyandika, pele awo mpolukonzeka luse wakalubikkilizya. Mwami Davida, walo wakacitide bumambi abujayi, wakafwidwa luse. Takuli kuti tanaakasubulwa pe, kayi Jehova tanaakamusitilila kumapenzi aakaletwa aacibi cakwe. Pele akaambo kacizuminano ca Bwami alimwi nkaambo Davida wakali muntu siluse alimwi wakalaa moyo wakulilekelela, taakajaigwa pe.—1 Samuele 24:4-7; 2 Samuele 7:16; Intembauzyo 51:1-4; Jakobo 2:13.

9. Ino luyando lwakalaa lubazu nzi mu Mulawo wa Musa?

⁹ Kunze lyaboobo, Mulawo wa Musa wakali kwaambisya luyando. Amuyeeye buyo kuti nokwali cisi cilailila buya ikubaa luyando! Aboobo, Mulawo wa Musa teewakali kwiide kukasya bujayi; wakali kulailila kuti: “Yanda mweenzinyoko mbubonya mboliyanda omwini.” (Levitiko 19:18) Teewakali kwiide kukasya kupenzya beenzu mucisi; wakalailila kuti: “Uleelede kumuyanda mboliyanda omwini; nkaambo anywebo mwakali beenzu mucisi ca-Egepita.” (Levitiko 19:34) Teewakali kwiide kukasya bumambi; wakalailila mulumi kuti amubotezye mukaintu wakwe! (Deuteronomo 24:5) Mubbuku lya Deuteronomo lyalikke, mabala aa Cihebrayo aapandulula bube bwaluyando alabelesyegwa ziindi zili 20. Jehova wakabasyomezya bana Israyeli kuti wakali kubayanda—kuciindi cakaindide, kuciindeeco, akuciindi cakali kuboola. (Deuteronomo 4:37; 7:12-14) Masimpe, kapango kapati ika Mulawo wa Musa kakali kakuti: “Uleelede kuyandisya Jehova Leza wako amoyo wako woonse, amuuya wako woonse, anguzu zyako zyoonse.” (Deuteronomo 6:5) Jesu wakaamba kuti Mulawo woonse ulaanzikidwe amulawo oyu antoomwe amulawo wakuyanda mweenzinyoko. (Levitiko 19:18; Matayo 22:37-40) Anu sintembauzyo ncaakalembela kuti: “Nduuyandisya loko mulao wako! Nduuyeeya buzuba boonse!”—Intembauzyo 119:97.

Kuubelesya Butaluzi Mulawo

10. Mbuti kanjikanji bama Juda mbubakaweendelezya Mulawo wa Musa?

¹⁰ Aboobo cilausisya kaka ikuti bana Israyeli kanjikanji teebakaulemeka Mulawo wa Musa! Bantu bakali kuunyansya Mulawo, kuucitila muuzyamvwide, naa kuuluba. Bukombi busalala bakali kubusofwaazya amicito yabukombi iisesemya iyamasi ambi. (2 Bami 17:16, 17; Intembauzyo 106:13, 35-38) Alimwi Mulawo bakuulekelezya amunzila zimbi.

11, 12. (a) Mbuti tubunga twabasololi babukombi mbutwaanyonganya zintu nicakainda ciindi cakali Ezara? (Amubone kabbokesi.) (b) Nkaambo nzi bamafwundisi bansiku ncobakayeeya kuti kuyandika “kuyakila Mulawo lukwakwa”?

¹¹ Bunyonyoosi bumwi bwiinda ibwakacitwa ku Mulawo bwakacitwa abaabo mbabonya ibakali kulitaminina kuuyiisya akuubamba. Eeci cakacitika kuzwa mazuba aakali mulembi uusyomeka, Ezara wamumwaanda wamyaka wasanu B.C.E. Ezara wakabulwana loko busofwaazi bwamasi ambi akukulwaizya kapati kubala akuyiisya kwa Mulawo. (Ezara 7:10; Nehemiya 8:5-8) Bamwi bamafwundisi ba Mulawo bakali kulitaminina kutobela mukondo wa Ezara elyo bakazoobamba mbunga iitegwa “Cikombelo Cipati.” Akati katwaambyo twayo kwakali malailile aakuti: “Yakila Mulawo lukwakwa.” Aba bamafwundisi Mulawo bakaweezyanya amuunda mubotu. Ikutegwa kutabi uukosola kwiinda mumuunda kwiinda mukutyola milawo, bakaanza imbi milawo, “Imulawo Wakulwiidwa” ikukasya bantu kusika muciimo mobanga babisya boobu.

¹² Bamwi inga bapandulula kuti basololi baci Juda bakaliluzi mukuyeeya boobu. Kuzwa kuciindi ca Ezara, bama Juda bakali kudyaamininwa amalelo aabamuzwakule, ikapati bwa Bagiliki. Ikusola kulwana muuya wabusongo bwa Cigiliki a zilengwa zyabo, kwakabusya tubunga twabasololi akati kabama Juda. (Amubone kabbokesi.) Muciindi tumwi otu tubunga mane twakazoobwiinda ambele ibupaizi buna Levi mbuli bamafwundisi ba Mulawo. (Amweezyanye a Malaki 2:7.) Kusikila mu 200 B.C.E., mulawo wakulwiidwa, wakali kuyaabunjila-njila kale mubuumi bwaci Juda. Kusaanguna milawo eyi teeyakalembedwe pe, mukuyoowa kuti inga weelana aa Mulawo uulembedwe. Pele bucebuce kuyeeya kwabantu kwakali kuyaabukwiinda ambele ikwa Leza, icakunga limwi oolu “lukwakwa” ndolwakazoounyonyoona buya nguwena “muunda” ngulwakeelede kukwabilila.

Busofwaazi Bwabu Falisi

13. Ncinzi bamwi basololi babukombi bwaci Juda ncibakatamizya kuti ncobapangila tulawo-lawo tunji?

¹³ Bamafwundisi bakayeeya kuti mbokunga Tora, antela Mulawo wa Musa, wakalilondokede, weelede kuujisi kwiingula kumubuzyo uuli woonse uunga wabuzigwa. Oyu muzeezo teekakali nkakaambo keni-keni pe. Masimpe ngakuti wakapa bamafwundisi cakutamizya kuti babelesye bucenjezu bwabuntu, kakubaanga milawo iijatikizya twaambo twamisyobo-misyobo—niiba yamuntu mwini, imwi niiba milawo-lawo buyo yoonse iyeeme a Jwi lya Leza.

14. (a) Mbuti basololi babukombi bwaci Juda mbubakaindizya kapango ka Magwalo ikaamba zyakuzanduka kuli bamasi ikukazwisya amunzila yamumagwalo? (b) Ncinzi citondezya kuti milawo yabamafwundisi yakakakilwa kukwabilila bama Juda kumuuya wabuhedeni?

¹⁴ Lyoonse basololi babukombi bakali kunga baamba bakajata Kapango kamwi kamulawo nkukaindizya mane kaakuzwa amunzila. Mucikozyanyo, Mulawo wa Musa wakali kukulwaizya kuzandukana abamasi, pele bamafwundisi bakali kukambauka lunyansyo lwakutasala kumuntu woonse uutali mu Juda. Bakali kuyiisya kuti mu Juda teelede kusiya ŋombe zyakwe kuŋanda yabeenzu ya Bamasi, nkaambo “Bamasi bayoowegwa kuti baloonana azinyama.” Mukaintu mu Juda taakazumizidwe kutumbusya mukaintu Wamasi nkaambo mukucita boobu wakali “kunootumbusya mwanaa bukombi bwamituni.” Mbokunga bakaliluzi kweeleba maanda aa Cigiliki aamisobano, bamafwundisi bakali “kukasya” kufwumbwa kusobana kwamubili. Lwiiyo lwazyansiku lulasinizya kuti coonse eci taakwe ankocakataana mukukwabilila bama Juda kubukombi bwa Bamasi. Atwaambe kuti ba Falisi lwabo bakazootalika kuyiisya ciyiisyo cabuhedeni icakutafwa kwasoolu!—Ezekiele 18:4.

15. Mbuti basololi babukombi bwaci Juda mbubakanyona milawo iijatikizya kusalala alimwi akoonana kwamubusazinyina?

¹⁵ Mbabonya ba Falisi bakiinyona milawo iijatikizya kusalazya. Kwakali kutegwa ba Falisi balakonzya nokuba kusalazya zuba kuligama kuti bapegwa ciindi. Mulawo wabo wakayiisya kuti “ikumuka kuunka kusyokwe” inga kwamusofwaazya muntu! Kusamba kumaanza kakazooba kalengwa kakatazya, ikalaa tumpiyompiyo twakuti ndili janza lyeelede kusaanguna kusanzya alimwi munzila nzi. Balo bamakaintu mbabakaindide biya kulangwa kuti balisofweede. Akaambo kamulawo wa Mumagwalo iwakuti kutabi “uuswena” kumusazinyina (cini nciwakali kukasya nkoonana kwamubusazinyina), balo bamafwundisi nkulailila kuti mulumi teelede kweendela kunze lyamukaintu wakwe; nokuba kwaambaula anguwe kumusyika.—Levitiko 18:6.

16, 17. Mbuti mulawo wakulwiidwa mbuwakayungizizya mulawo wakutobela Sabata, alimwi eci cakaleta nzi?

¹⁶ Imasampu aakumuuya aazizilwe kapati ngayaayo mulawo wakulwiidwa nguwakaletela mulawo wa Sabata. Leza wakapa bana Israyeli mulawo muuba-uba wakuti: Utaciti mulimo mubuzuba bwamusanu aabili. (Kulonga 20:8-11) Pele mulawo wakulwiidwa walo wakayaambele akupandulula misyobo iisika ku 39 yamilimo iikasyigwa, kubikkilizya akwaanga akwaangulula ciga, kusuma ziga zyobile, kulemba mabala obile aa Cibebrayo azimwi-zimwi. Mpoona umwi aumwi musyobo wakali kuyandika tumpiyompiyo tutalivwulili. Nziga nzi zyakazumizidwe azyatakazumizidwe? Imulawo wakulwiidwa wakali kwiingula ciingule-ingule kwiinda mukubikka tumpiyompiyo. Kuponya kwaazoobonwa kuba mulimo uukasyidwe. Mucikozyanyo, kwakali kukasyigwa ikululamika cifwuwa cityokede mu Sabata. Muntu uulaa lusinga mumenyo wakali kukonzya kubelesya waini uupapa mucisyu cakwe, pele taakeelede kuwiinzya mumenyo aakwe. Ooko inga kwaba kuluponya lusinga!

¹⁷ Mbuwakazikkidwe boobu kunsaa myaanda yatumpiyompiyo twabantu, mulawo wa Sabata teewakacijisi bupanduluzi bwakumuuya kubunji bwabama Juda pe. Ciindi Jesu Kristo, “mwami wa-Sabata,” naakacita maleele aagambya aakondelezya mu Sabata, balembi aba Falisi taakwe ambobakalimvwa pe. Balo pele buyo kuyeeya kuti wiisotoka milawo yabo.—Matayo 12:8, 10-14.

Kwiiya Kuzwa Kukufwubaala Kwaba Falisi

18. Ino kuyungizya mulawo wakulwiidwa azilengwa-lengwa kwakaleta nzi kujatikizya Mulawo wa Musa? Amukozyanisye.

¹⁸ Ikufwiinsya kaambo inga twati eeyi milawo alimwi azilengwa izyakazoosanganizigwa ku Mulawo wa Musa zyakaba mbubonya mbuli nsaku mbozimena mumuunda. Mulimi ulapenga cini-cini kulimina nsaku nkaambo zidwabisya zisyango akupa kuti cikatazye kweenda mumuunda. Mbubonya, awalo Mulawo wakulwiidwa alimwi azilengwa zyakali kuwaatikizya Mulawo akuupa kubelesyegwa munzila yuudwabizya. Pele muciindi cakulimina nsaku yatulawo-lawo otu tuyungizidwe, balo bafwundisi nkwiide kuzumanana kusyanga tumbi. Kusikila ciindi naakazoosika Mesiya kuti aulondole Mulawo, oyu “muunda” wakapotene kapati “ansaku” cakuti naa wanjila nkuyaabupota. (Amweezyanye a Tusimpi 16:25.) Muciindi cakucikwabilila cizuminano ca Mulawo, cakufwubaala aba basololi babukombi bakuulekelezya. Pele nkaambo nzi ino “lukwakwa” lwabo ncilwakakakilwa?

19. (a) Nkaambo nzi “kuyakila Mulawo lukwakwa” ncikwakakakilwa? (b) Ncinzi citondezya kuti basololi babukombi bwaci Juda bakanyina lusyomo lwini-lwini?

¹⁹ Basololi baci Juda bakakakilwa kuteelela kuti nkondo yakulwana busofwaazi ilwaninwa mumoyo, ikutali mumapeeji aamabbuku aamilawo. (Jeremiya 4:14) Kkii waluzundo nduyando—ikuyanda Jehova, mulawo wakwe, alimwi anjiisyo zyakwe ziluleme. Luyando luli boobu luletelezya lusulo lwazintu Jehova zyasulide. (Intembauzyo 97:10; 119:104) Aabo balaa myoyo iizwide boobu luyando balazumanana kusyomeka kumilawo ya Jehova munyika eyi iisofweede. Basololi babukombi bwaci Juda bakapedwe coolwe cakuyiisya bantu kutegwa basumpule akukulwaizya luyando luliboobu. Aboobo nkaambo nzi ncobakakakilwa kucita obo? Kuboneka kuti teebakajisi lusyomo. (Matayo 23:23) Kuti nobakalaa lusyomo munguzu zyamuuya wa Jehova izyakubeleka mumyoyo yabantu basyomeka, nibatakayeeya kuti kuyandika kuyuma biya kweendelezya maumi aabantu bambi pe. (Isaya 59:1; Ezekiele 34:4) Mbubatakalaa lusyomo, teebakakulwaizya lusyomo; bakakulika bantu milawo iibambidwe aabantu.—Matayo 15:3, 9; 23:4.

20, 21. (a) Ino kuyeeya kuyeeme azilengwa kwakaleta muuya uli buti mubukombi bwaci Juda? (b) Nciiyo nzi ncetwiiya kuliceeco cakacitika mubukombi bwaci Juda?

²⁰ Aabo basololi bama Juda teebakakulwaizya luyando pe. Zilengwa zyabo zyakaleta bukombi bwakageme zintu zyaatala buyo, lumvwido buyo lwakwiinzya mulawo—iciimo calo cakali kunga cilaleta buyo kuupaupa ameso. (Matayo 23:25-28) Tumpiyompiyo twabo twakapa bantu twaambo tunji twakubeteka bambi. Aboobo ba Falisi baliyanda, basikakomokomo bakalimvwa kuti baliluzi kumutongooka naba Jesu Kristo. Teebakabwene kuti Mulawo ngwazi cini-cini elyo bakamukaka ooyo alikke iwakali ngo Mesiya. Awalo cakasyeede nkwaambila buyo cisi cabama Juda kuti: “Amulange! Iŋanda yanu yasyaala kulindinywe mbuli itongo.”—Matayo 23:38; Ba-Galatiya 3:23, 24.

²¹ Nciiyo nzi ciliwo awa kulindiswe? Kulalibonya kabotu-kabotu kuti mizeezo iiyeeme azilengwa tiisumpuli bukombi busalala bwa Jehova pe! Pele sena eci caamba kuti bakombi ba Jehova sunu tabakwe milawo iili yoonse ccita kuti yaambwa buya mu Magwalo Aasalala? Peepe. Kutegwa tuzibe mbokumanizigwa ikwiingula oku, atulange mbuli Jesu Kristo mbwaakuuyumbila ambali Mulawo wa Musa akuubikkila umbi mupya wiinda awa mubusena bwawo.

Bupanduluzi buyungizidwe

Sena Inga Mwaingula?

◻ Mbuti zilengwaleza mbuzyeendelezyegwa amulawo wa Leza?

◻ Ino Mulawo wa Musa wakalaa mulimo nzi wini-wini?

◻ Ncinzi citondezya kuti Mulawo wa Musa wakali kwaambisya luse alimwi aluzyalo?

◻ Nkaambo nzi basololi babukombi bwaci Juda ncobakayungizya tumpiyompiyo tutalivwulili ku Mulawo wa Musa, alimwi eci cakaleta nzi?

[Kabbokesi kali apeeji 18]

Basololi Babukombi Bwaci Juda

Balembi: Aaba bakali kulibona kuti mbabasimulya zina lya Ezara akuti mbabapanduluzi Bamulawo. Kweelana abwaamba bbuku litegwa A History of the Jews, “balembi teebakali bangelo buya pe, ikusoleka kupampula bupanduluzi busisidwe mumulawo kanjikanji kwakali kwiide kubaletya tumpiyompiyo tutakwe ancotwaamba alimwi azyakukasya cakuzwa amumaanu. Eezi zyakali kuzyibilwa akuba zilengwa, limwi zyakaba mbuli mweendelezi sikakomokomo sikazumanana.”

Ba Hasidi: Eli zina lyaamba “banaleza” antela “basaante.” Iciindi cakusaanguna nobaambwa kuba ciinga, cilatandila ku 200 B.C.E., bakali bakwabilizi babusalali bwa Mulawo ibacibwene kumakani aamapolitikisi, ibaciindilizya kuyungana kukulwana muuya wa Cigiliki wakudyaaminina. Aaba ba Hasidi bakazandukana baba nkamu zyotatwe: ba Falisi, ba Saduke alimwi aba Esene.

Ba Falisi: Bamwi basikwiiya zya Bbaibbele basyoma kuti zina eli lizwa kubbala lyaamba “Bazandukide,” naa “Basikuzanduka.” Ncobeni bakali kuyungana mukusoleka kuzanduka kuli Bamasi, pele ciinga cabo bakali kucibona kuzanduka—alimwi akusumpuka kwiinda bama Juda bantu-bantu buyo, balo batakazyi mbuli mbuukatazizye mulawo wakulwiidwa. Umwi sikwiiya zyaciindi iba Falisi wakabaamba kuti: “Ikubalanga boonse antoomwe, ibantu bakali kubalanga mbuli bana, kabapandulula tumpiyompiyo twabukombi tusyoonto cini-cini akutucita milawo.” Uumbi sikwiiya zya Bbaibbele wakaamba kuti: “Bu Falisi bwakapanga mulongo uutalikomeneni wamilawo yalubeta iijatikizya ciimo cili coonse, icakuti kwiina ambobakali kunga batalubizya kwiinda mukulemya tuntu tuuba akuubya zintu zilemu (Mt. 23:23).”

Ba Saduke: Eeyi nkamu yakaliyanzene kapati ankumekume zyacisi azyabupaizi. Bakali bayumu kukukazya ba Falisi abalembi, kabaamba kuti mulawo wakulwiidwa teewakeelene nguzu a Mulawo uulembedwe. Mishnah lwayo njiitondezya kuti bakazundwa munkondo eyi niyaamba kuti: “Kutobela majwi aabalembi kulasinikizigwa kwiinda [mbokusinikizigwa ikutobela] majwi aa Mulawo uulembedwe.” Talmud, yalo yakabikkilizya abupanduluzi bunji bwamulawo wakulwiidwa, kumbele zyakazoosika nkuyaamba kuti: “Majwi aabalembi mabotu kwiinda majwi aa Torah.”

Ba Esene: Eci cakali ciinga cabantu baliimya balo bakali kulizandula kuzwa kubanamaleya. Kweelana abwaamba The Interpreter’s Dictionary of the Bible, ba Esene bakali kubainda nobaba ba Falisi kukulizandula elyo zimwi ziindi “balo bakali kukonzya kubainda ba Falisi kukucita bu Falisi.”

[Cifwanikiso icili apeeji 17]

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