Sena Ciyubunuzyo Ceelede Kuyoowegwa Naa Kulangilwa?

“Sunu Ciyubunuzyo tacijatikizyi buyo makani aamu Bbaibbele, pele caba cintu cilangilwa kucitika ncobeni.”—Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, iwakali mulembi wa Ciinga ca Lukamantano lwa Zisi.

IKULIBELESYA nkwaakalibelesya boobo bbala lyakuti “ciyubunuzyo” muntu oyu uudumide kapati kutondezya mbuli mbobaliteelela bantu banji alimwi ambuli mbobalibona kalibelesyegwa muzipekupeku amumitwe yamabbuku, muzibalo zyamumagazini amukuluula ikujanwa mumiteende. Lipa kuti bantu babe amizeezo yakuloba kwanyika ikuyoosya. Pele ino ibbala lyakuti “ciyubunuzyo” ncinzi cini ncolyaamba? Alimwi kunze lyaboobo, mmulumbe nzi uujanwa mubbuku lyamu Bbaibbele lya Ciyubunuzyo?

Ibbala lyakuti “ciyubunuzyo” lizwa kubbala lya Cigiliki ilyaamba “kuvwununa,” naa “kuvwumbula.” Ino ncinzi cakavwumbulwa naa kuvwununwa mu Ciyubunuzyo camu Bbaibbele? Sena cakali kujatikizya buyo mulumbe walunyonyooko iwakali kwiiminina lunyonyooko lwabantu boonse? Sikwiiya zyakaindi umwi wazina lya Jean Delumeau wakucikolo citegwa Institut de France naakabuzyigwa ncaakali kuyeeya kujatikizya Ciyubunuzyo, wakati: “Ndibbuku litupa luumbulizyo alimwi abulangizi. Izintu zijanika mulindilyo zyatondezyegwaa bantu kwiinda mukusobana zibeela molyaamba lunyonyoono.”

Cikombelo Cakusaanguna a Ciyubunuzyo

Ino “Banakristo” bakusaanguna bakali kucibona buti Ciyubunuzyo abulangizi mbocijisi kujatikizya Bulelo bwa Kristo bwa Myaka iili Cuulu (Cuulu Camyaka) mbwayooendelezya anyika? Sikwiiya zyakaindi nguwenya iwaambwa wakati: “Kulindime, Banakristo bamumyaanda yamyaka misyoonto yakusaanguna balibonya kuti boonse buyo bakali kusyoma munjiisyo yacuulu camyaka. . . . Akati ka Banakristo bamumyaanda yamyaka yakusaanguna ibakali kusyoma mu Cuulu camyaka kwakali Papias, bbishopo waku Hierapolis mu Asia Minor, . . . Musaante Justin, iwakazyalilwa ku Palesitaini akujaigwa akaambo kalusyomo lwakwe ku Roma mu 165, Musaante Irenæus, bbishopo waku Lyons iwakafwa mu 202, Tertullian iwakafwa mu 222 alimwi . . . asikulemba mupati Lactantius.”

Kujatikizya Papias walo iwaambwa kuti wakajaigwa akaambo kalusyomo ku Pergamum mu 161 naa mu 165 C.E., ibbuku litegwa The Catholic Encyclopedia lyaamba kuti: “Bbishopo Papias waku Hierapolis, sikwiiya wa Musaante Johane, wakali kulibonya kuti ngusikukulwaizya lusyomo mucuulu camyaka. Wakali kulitaminina kuti wakatambula njiisyo zyakwe kuzwa kuli baabo ibakapona kuciindi ca Baapostolo, alimwi Irenæus uluula kuti ‘Basizikombelo’ bamwi ibakamubona akuswiilila nzyaakali kuyiisya sikwiiya Johane, bakaiya kuti ikusyoma cuulu camyaka ndubazu lwanjiisyo zya Mwami. Kweelana abwaamba Eusebias . . . mubbuku lyakwe Papias wakaamba kuti ibubuke bwabafwu bwakali kuyootobelwaa bwami bwa Kristo bwabulemu bwaanyika ibwamyaka iili cuulu.”

Ino eci citwaambila nzi kujatikizya mbobakalibona basyomi bakusaanguna ibbuku lya Ciyubunuzyo? Sena lyakabayoosya naa kubapa bulangizi? Basikwiiya zyakaindi baita Banakristo bansiku azina lya Cigiliki lyakuti khiʹli·a eʹte ilyaamba cuulu camyaka. Inzya, ibunji bwabo bakazyibidwe kuti mbantu basyoma mu Bulelo bwa Kristo bwa Myaka iili Cuulu bwalo ibwakali kuyooleta bukkale bwaparadaiso anyika. Ibusena bulikke oko bulangizi bwacuulu camyaka nkobwaambidwe cacigaminina mu Bbaibbele nkuubbuku lya Ciyubunuzyo. (20:1-7) Aboobo muciindi cakuyoosya basyomi, Ciyubunuzyo cakabapa bulangizi bubotu. Mubbuku lyakwe litegwa The Early Church and the World, professor wamakani aabukombi waku Oxford wazina lya Cecil Cadoux wakalemba kuti: “Nokuba kuti kusyoma mucuulu camyaka kwakazookakwa kumbele, kwakalidumide kapati mu Cikombelo kwaciindi cili mbocibede, kwalo ikwakali kuyiisigwaa bantu basikulemba mabbuku ibalemekwa kapati.”

Ncobwakakakilwa Bulangizi bwa Ciyubunuzyo

Mbwaanga nkaambo kazibidwe kuti Banakristo bakusaanguna banabunji naa boonse buyo bakali kulangila Bulelo bwa Kristo bwa Myaka iili Cuulu anyika yaparadaiso, ino cakaba buti kuti “ikuyeeya kwacuulu camyaka” oko ‘kuzookakwe kumbele’? Ikutongauka kumwi kwakaba akaambo kakuti mbubwenya sikwiiya Robert Mounce mbwaakaamba, “ibunji bwabaabo ibakali kusyoma mucuulu camyaka bakatalika kuzanga mukuyeeya kwabo alimwi bakatalika kuyeeyela kuti ciindi camyaka iili cuulu cakali kuzyooba ciindi cabuvwubi akulikondelezya kutaambiki.” Pele ikuciindizya kuyeeya kuli boobu nokwakalulamikwa kakunyina kukaka bulangizi bwakasimpe bwa Cuulu Camyaka.

Icigambya kapati ninzila zyakabelesyegwa abasinkondo mukusoleka kutyompya lusyomo mubulangizi bwamyaka iili cuulu. Kalyaamba sicikombelo umwi wa Katolika, Caius (kumamanino aamwaanda wamyaka wabili, kumatalikilo aamwaanda watatu) ibbuku litegwa Dictionnaire de Théologie Catholique lyaamba kuti “ikutegwa azunde lusyomo lujatikizya cuulu camyaka, cakusinizya wakakukaka kululama kwabbuku lya Ciyubunuzyo alimwi a Makani Mabotu aa Musaante Johane.” Eli bbuku ndilyonya lya Dictionnaire lilazumanana kwaamba kuti Dionysius, bbishopo wamumwaanda wamyaka watatu iwaku Alexandria, wakalemba twaambo tukazya njiisyo yacuulu camyaka, “ikutegwa alesye baabo ibakali kutobela muzeezo oyu kuti batasyomi Ciyubunuzyo cakalembwaa Musaante Johane, kwiina naakalengaana ikukaka kuti taciluzi.” Ikukazya kwaluuni kuli boobo kujatikizya bulangizi bwazilongezyo zyamucuulu camyaka anyika kutondezya kuyunga kwabumpelenge ikwakali kubeleka akati kabahaazibwene mulwiiyo lwabukombi kuciindi eco.

Mubbuku lyakwe litegwa The Persuit of the Millenium, Professor Norman Cohn wakalemba kuti: “Imwaanda wamyaka watatu wakalibonena kusoleka kwakusaanguna ikwakusampaula njiisyo yacuulu camyaka ciindi Origen iwakali kwiinda kuduma kuli bahaazibwene boonse ba Cikombelo cansiku naakatalika kwaamba kuti Bwami ncintu ciyoocitika mumyoyo yabasyomi ikutali mumulenga-lenga naa ikucitika ncobeni.” Akaambo kakuti wakasyoma busongo bwaba Giliki muciindi cakusyoma Bbaibbele, Origen wakaubya-ubya bulangizi bubotu bwazilongezyo zyaanyika mubweendelezi bwa Bwami bwa Mesiya kuti cibe “cintu . . . icicitika mumyoyo yabasyomi.” Imulembi waba Katolika wazina lya Léon Gry wakalemba kuti: “Ibusongo bwa Bagiliki ibwakadumide . . . bucebuce bwakazimaazya mizeezo iijatikizya Myaka iili Cuulu.”

“Icikombelo Casweekelwa Mulumbe Waco Wabulangizi”

Cakutadooneka, Augustine wakali muntu iwakazyi njiisyo zya Cikombelo iwakabeleka mulimo mupati ikusanganya busongo bwaba Giliki aceeco cakali kukozyanya a Bunakristo kuciindi cakwe. Nokuba kuti kumatalikilo wakali sikwiiminina lusyomo mucuulu camyaka, mukuya kwamazuba wakaukaka muzeezo uuli woonse uujatikizya Bulelo bwa Kristo bwa Myaka iili Cuulu anyika. Wakapilinganya bupanduluzi bwacandaano 20 cabbuku lya Ciyubunuzyo.

Ibbuku litegwa The Catholic Encyclopedia lyaamba kuti: “Kumamanino, Augustine wakatalika kusyoma kuti takukabi cuulu camyaka . . . Utwaambila kuti, ibubuke butaanzi bwalo ibubandikwa mucaandaano eci bwiiminina kuzyalululwa munzila yakumuuya imuntu aabbapatizigwa; sabata yamyaka iili cuulu kuzwa kumyaka iili 6,000 yakupona kwabantu akuti mbobuumi butamani.” Ibbuku lya The New Encyclopædia Britannica lyaamba kuti: Imuzeezo uupilingene wa Augustine ikujatikizya njiisyo yamyaka iili cuulu ngowakaba njiisyo yacikombelo . . . Iba Protestanti Basikusanduka ibakali kutobela zilengwa zya Luther, Calvin alimwi azyacikombelo caku England . . . bakazumanana kusyoma mizeezo ya Augustine.” Aboobo basizikombelo zya Kristendomu bakaimwa bulangizi bwamyaka iili cuulu.

Kunze lyaboobo, kweelana ahaazibwene mulwiiyo lwabukombi wakucisi ca Switzerland wazina lya Frédéric de Rougemont, “[Augustine] wakacinyonyoona kapati Cikombelo kwiinda mukukaka lusyomo lwakwe lutaanzi lwabulelo bwamyaka iili cuulu. Mubweendelezi bwazina lyakwe, wakazumizya kulubizya kwalo ikwakapa kuti [Cikombelo] ciimwe lusyomo lwaco lwabuumi bwaanyika.” Haazibwene mulwiiyo lwabukombi wakucisi ca Germany wazina lya Adolf Harnack wakazuminizya kuti ikukaka kusyoma Cuulu Camyaka kwakanyanga bantu buyo “icikombelo ncobakali kuteelela,” akubapa “bukombi bwakaindi bujisi bulangizi bwansiku” antoomwe “alusyomo ndobatakali kukonzya kuteelela.” Ikutazula kwazikombelo ikucitika sunu muzisi zinji ncitondezyo cisalede cakuti ibantu bayandika lusyomo abulangizi mbobateelela.

Mubbuku lyakwe litegwa Highlights of the Book of Revelation, sikwiiya Bbaibbele wazina lya George Beasley-Murray wakalemba kuti: “Akaambo kakuyunga kupati kwa Augustine kulubazu lomwe alimwi akusyoma mucuulu camyaka kwankamu zimwi kulubazu lumbi, ba Katolika alimwi aba Protestanti bakamantana mukukaka njiisyo eyi. Nobabuzyigwa kujatikizya bulangizi bumbi mbobajisilidi bantu munyika ino, boonse baingula kuti: Kunyina nobuceya. Inyika iyoonyonyoonwa aakuboola Kristo ikutegwa ikasiye busena bwajulu litamani ahelo mwalo mozitakaibalukwi pe zyakaindi. . . . Icikombelo casweekelwa mulumbe waco wabulangizi.”

Bulangizi bwa Ciyubunuzyo Butaliboteli Buciliko!

Bakamboni ba Jehova balo balisinizizye kuti izisyomezyo zitaliboteli kujatikizya Cuulu Camyaka ziyoozuzikizigwa. Kabamubuzya-buzya aapulogilamu yaa Cipekupeku kucisi ca France aamutwe wakuti “Mwaka wa 2000: Ikuyoowa Ciyubunuzyo,” sikwiiya zyakaindi iwaku France wazina lya Jean Delumeau wakati: “Bakamboni ba Jehova balutobela ncobeni lusyomo lwacuulu camyaka, nkaambo baamba kuti lino-lino . . . tuyoonjila muciindi camyaka yalukkomano iili 1,000 twaakumana kwiinda mumapenzi mapati.”

Eci ncencico imwaapostolo Johane ncaakabona mucilengaano alimwi icipandulwidwe mubbuku lyakwe lya Ciyubunuzyo. Wakalemba kuti: “Ndakabona ijulu ipya anyika impya, . . . Elyo ndakamvwa ijwi ipati lizwa kucuuno cabwami, lyakati, Amubone, bukalo bwa-Leza mpobuli akati kabantu, uzookala akati kabo. Bazooba bantu bakwe, alakwe Leza mwini uzookala kulimbabo, azoobe Leza wabo. Nkabela uyoosindula misozi yoonse kumeso aabo, takukooyooba limbi lufu, nikuba kuomoka nikuba kulila nikuba kuciswa, nkaambo zintu zyakale zyamaninina.”—Ciyubunuzyo 21:1, 3, 4.

Bakamboni ba Jehova balijatikizidwe mumulimo wakuyiisya Bbaibbele nyika yoonse mbwiizulwa ikutegwa bagwasye bantu ibanji ibayanda kuti babe aabulangizi obu. Bayookkomana ikumugwasya kwiiya zintu zinji kujatikizya bulangizi obo.

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Papias wakalitaminina kuti wakajana njiisyo yakwe ya Cuulu Camyaka kuzwa kuli baabo mbocakapona limwi abaapostolo

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Tertullian wakali kusyoma mu Bulelo bwa Kristo bwa Myaka iili Cuulu

[Kulumba]

© Cliché Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Paris

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“[Augustine] wakacinyonyoona kapati Cikombelo kwiinda mukukaka lusyomo lwakwe lutaanzi lwabulelo bwamyaka iili cuulu”

[Cifwanikiso icili apeeji 8]

Inyika ya Paradaiso iisyomezyedwe mubbuku lya Ciyubunuzyo ncintu ceelede kulangilwa kapati