Ol Samting Long Death Valley

LONG 1848, ol i painim gol klostu long Sacramento, California, Amerika. Long yia bihain, inap olsem 80,000 manmeri i kam long California, long wanem, ol i gat strongpela tingting long painim gol na kamap maniman hariap. Long Disemba 25, 1849, i gat 100 karis i lusim Salt Lake City na ol i go long hap wes, na hap lain bilong ol i lusim ol na i go long wanpela ples nau ol i kolim Death Valley. Dispela lain i ting olsem dispela ples drai klostu long boda bilong California na Nevada em bai sotim rot bilong ol.

Long dispela taim ples i no hat tumas, tasol dispela ples i gat hatwok bilong en. Ol i bruk i go long ol liklik grup, na olgeta wan wan grup i bihainim narapela narapela rot. Wanpela grup i gat ol meri na pikinini tu, ol i go long ol maunten long hap wes bilong painim rot bilong lusim dispela ples daun, tasol ol i no inap. Strong bilong ol i pinis olgeta na ol i sot long kaikai samting, olsem na ol i wokim kem klostu long wanpela liklik wara nau ol i kolim Furnace Creek, na bihain ol i go long wanpela hul wara em bihain ol i kolim Bennett’s Well. Long dispela hap, tupela yangpela man i gat 20 krismas, em William Manly na John Rogers, i go kisim ol samting bilong helpim ol. Olgeta narapela i wet i stap long dispela hul wara.

Manly na Rogers i ting olsem ol bai kamap long Los Angeles insait long sampela de tasol. Ol i no save olsem Los Angeles em i stap longwe inap olsem 300 kilomita long hap saut wes. Ol i wokabaut klostu 2-pela wik na ol i kamap long hap not bilong Los Angeles, long San Fernando Valley. Ol i kisim ol kaikai samting na kwiktaim ol i wokabaut i go bek.

Bihain long 25 de ol i go kamap long kem, na ol i no lukim wanpela man. Manly i pairapim gan nating, na wanpela man i stap aninit long karis na i kam ausait. Bihain Manly i tok: “Dispela man i tromoi han bilong em i go antap na em i singaut​—⁠‘tupela i kam bek pinis!’ ” Ol narapela tu i kam, tasol ol i hatwok long toktok. Hatwok bilong Manly na Rogers i mekim na ol i no kisim bagarap, wanpela man tasol i dai, long wanem, em yet i lusim kem na i wokabaut i go bilong lusim dispela ples daun. Taim ol i lusim dispela ples, ol i tok wanpela meri i lukluk i go bek na i tok, ‘Gutbai Death Valley!’ Na dispela i kamap nem bilong dispela ples.

Narapela Kain Ples

Death Valley em i longpela inap 225 kilomita na braitpela bilong en inap olsem 8 i go 24 kilomita, em i wanpela ples drai stret, na i hat nogut tru, na i daun tru, winim olgeta narapela ples long Not Amerika. Win long Furnance Creek i hat tru olsem 57 digri Selsias, na hat bilong graun em i hat nogut moa yet, inap olsem 94 digri Selsias.a

Liklik ren i save pundaun long olgeta yia, inap olsem 5-pela sentimita, na long sampela yia i no gat ren. Wanpela ples i daunbilo tru, winim olgeta narapela hap bilong Wes​—⁠inap 86 mita daunbilo long mak bilong solwara​—⁠em i stap klostu long wanpela liklik raunwara i gat sol long Badwater. Maunten Whitney i stap inap olsem 140 kilomita longwe long dispela hap, em i antap tru inap olsem 4,418 mita​—⁠em wanpela maunten i antap tru, winim ol narapela maunten long Amerika, tasol sampela maunten long Alaska i winim dispela maunten.

Long 1850, ol i painim liklik gol long Salt Spring, em wanpela hap bilong Death Valley. Ol man i save painim gol samting, ol i painim tu silva, bras, na wanpela kain ain long dispela hap. Wantu ol i kamapim ol liklik taun em ol i gat kain kain nem olsem, Bullfrog, Greenwater, Rhyolite, na Skidoo. Tasol taim ol dispela silva na bras samting i pinis, ol man i lusim ol dispela taun. Tasol long 1880, ol i painim borax long Death Valley, em wanpela marasin ol i save yusim bilong wokim sop na ol narapela samting. Dispela i mekim na wok bilong main i kamap gutpela tru, winim ol narapela taim. I go inap long 1888, ol i save kisim borax i go long taun Mojave i stap longwe inap 270 kilomita. Ol wan wan lain karis i gat 18 donki na 2-pela hos i save pulim ol karis em longpela bilong ol inap 5-pela mita. Tasol long Jun i go inap long Septemba ol i no save mekim olsem, long wanem, ples i hat tumas long ol man na animal i ken raun.

Long 1933 ol i makim Death Valley olsem hap em gavman bai lukautim. Ol i surikim boda bilong en i go moa inap olsem 1.3 milion hekta. Long 1994, ol i makim dispela ples i kamap Death Valley Nesenel Pak​—⁠em i wanpela bilong ol bikpela nesenel pak long Amerika.

I Gat Kain Kain Animal Long Death Valley

Man inap ting olsem Death Valley i no gat ol animal long en. Tasol i gat planti handet animal i save i go i kam long dispela ples, na sampela i save stap long dispela ples, planti bilong ol dispela animal i save raun long nait, long wanem, ples i hat. Wanpela bikpela animal tru long dispela hap i winim ol narapela, em wanpela kain sipsip (desert bighorn sheep) i save stap long ol maunten klostu na sampela taim em i save kam daun long Death Valley. Ol narapela animal em, ol blakbokis, kain kain wel dok, foks, kengeru rat, maunten laion, kain kain mumut, rabit, wel donki, palai, snek, trausel, na ol kain kain ol bikpela na liklik pisin olsem, tarangau, kotkot, na planti handet narapela narapela pisin.

Wanpela bilong ol strongpela animal long dispela ples em ol kengeru rat. Ol inap i stap laip maski ol i no dring wara! Wanpela magasin i tok: “Olgeta wara ol i mas kisim bilong stap laip i kam long ol drai sid ol i save kaikai.” Kidni bilong ol i save wok gut moa, winim kidni bilong ol man. Ol i save raun tasol long nait na painim kaikai, long wanem, long taim bilong san ples i hat nogut tru.

Winim wan tausen kain kain plaua samting i save kamap long Death Valley. Ol lain Shoshones, em ol lain India i bin stap long dispela ples winim wan tausen yia. Ol i save kisim ol plaua samting olsem kaikai bilong ol, na ol i save kisim diwai samting bilong wokim ol plet kap samting. Ol i tok sapos yu save long wanem kain kaikai samting yu mas painim, orait bai yu painim planti kaikai long Death Valley.

Taim Ples Drai i Pulap Long Plaua

Wan wan taim ol plaua i save kamap long Death Valley. I gat planti sid bilong ol plaua i save stap tasol long graun​—⁠sampela taim inap planti yia⁠​—⁠​i go inap long wanpela taim we hat bilong san i stret na ren i pundaun, na nau ol plaua i save kamap. Tim Croissant em saveman bilong skelim ol plaua samting long National Park Service, em i tok: “I gat planti yia we ol plaua i no save kamap.”

Long taim bilong kol long 2004 na 2005, bikpela ren i pundaun long Death Valley, winim bilong bipo inap 3-pela taim. Dispela i mekim na winim 50 narapela narapela kain plaua i kamap, em ol plaua olsem okit, sanplaua, primrose, lailak na planti ol narapela. Wanpela meri i kam raun lukim dispela ples i tok dispela ples i smel olsem wanpela stua bilong salim ol plaua. Na ol dispela plaua i pulim tu ol binen na ol narapela binatang i kam. Olsem na taim ol plaua i kamap long Death Valley, yu inap harim pairap bilong ol liklik wing bilong ol binatang.

Sapos yu tingting long kam long dispela narapela kain ples daun, orait yu mas kisim wanpela ka i wok gut na planti wara i kam wantaim yu. Na sapos yu kam long taim ol plaua i kamap, i gutpela yu kisim kamera bilong yu tu i kam. Ol famili na pren bilong yu bai kirap nogut long planti kain kain samting bilong Death Valley.

[Futnot]

[Rait long pes 15]

Em i wanpela ples drai stret, na i hat nogut tru, na i daun tru, winim olgeta narapela ples long Not Amerika

[Blok/Ol Piksa long pes 17]

Pis i Stap Long Ples Drai!

I gat fopela kain liklik pis (desert pupfish) i stap long Death Valley. Long taim bilong kol ol dispela liklik pis, em longpela bilong ol inap olsem 6 sentimita, na kala bilong ol i silva, ol i save stap tasol long as bilong ol liklik wara. Na long taim bilong san, taim wara i hat liklik, ol i save kirap na raun raun na kamapim pikinini. Ol pis man i save senisim kala bilong ol i kamap blu na ol i save strong long sakim ol narapela pis man na bai ol i no ken go insait long hap bilong ol. Tasol strong bilong san i save mekim na wara i drai, na planti pis i save dai. Ol pis i no dai, ol i mas i stap long wara i gat planti sol na i hat nogut tru olsem 44 digri Selsias.

[Ol Kredit Lain]

Top fish: © Neil Mishalov​—⁠www.mishalov.com; bottom fish: Donald W. Sada, Desert Research Institute

[Ol Mep long pes 14]

(Bilong save ol dispela rait i stap we long pes, lukim buk o magasin)

Amerika

California

Death Valley Nesenel Pak

[Piksa Kredit Lain long pes 15]

Mules: Courtesy of The Bancroft Library/University of California, Berkeley

[Ol Piksa Kredit Lain long pes 16]

Burros: ©Joseph C. Dovala/age fotostock; top panorama: © Neil Mishalov​—⁠www.mishalov.com; flowers: Photo by David McNew/Getty Images