Ŵanthu Ŵaŵiri Awo Ŵakang’anamura Baibolo Ndipo Ŵakawezgeramo Zina la Chiuta mu Testamente Lasono
Lurombo ulo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakulumanya luŵiro chomene ni Lurombo lwa Fumu, ulo Yesu wakasambizga ŵalondezgi ŵake. Lurombo ulu lukusangika mu Testamente Lasono. Lukwamba na mazgu ghakuti: “Adada ŵithu imwe muli kuchanya, zina linu lituŵiskike [panji kuti litumbikike].” (Mateyu 6:9) Kweni mu Mabaibolo ghanandi gha Chingelezi, zina la Chiuta lakuti “Yehova” panji kuti “Yahweh,” likusangikanga yayi mu Testamente Lasono. Kweni chakuzizika ntchakuti mazina gha ŵachiuta ŵatesi nga ni Zeusi, Heremesi, na Aratemisi ghakusangika mu Mabaibolo agha. Kasi mukuwona kuti ntchakwenelera yayi kuti zina la Chiuta waunenesko uyoso ni mwenecho wa Baibolo lisangikenge mu Mazgu ghake?—Milimo 14:12; 19:35; 2 Timote 3:16.
Mu Testamente Lasono muli mazina ghanandi gha ŵachiuta ŵatesi, kasi namwe mungazomerezga yayi kuti zina la Chiuta waunenesko nalo likwenera kusangikamo?
Lancelot Shadwell na Frederick Parker awo ŵakang’anamurako Baibolo la Chingelezi ŵakaŵa na chigomezgo chose kuti zina la Chiuta likwenera kuwezgekeramo mu Testamente Lasono. Chifukwa wuli tikuti zina la Chiuta likeneranga “kuwezgerekamoso”? Chifukwa ŵakasanga ukaboni wakulongora kuti zina la Chiuta likaŵamo kale pakwamba kweni nyengo yikati yajumphapo ŵakaliwuskamo. Kasi ŵakayimanya wuli fundo iyi?
Shadwell na Parker ŵakamanya kuti mipukutu iyo yikaŵapo kale, iyo yikumanyikwaso kuti Testamente Lakale, ndipo yikalembeka mu Chihebere, yikaŵa na zina la Chiuta mu malo ghanandi chomene. Ntheura ŵakazizwa kuwona kuti mu mipukutu ya Testamente Lasono iyo yikaŵapo pa nyengo iyi mukaŵavya zina la Chiuta.a Kweniso, Shadwell wakasanga kuti mu mipukutu ya Testamente Lasono mukaŵa mazgu agho ghakakoreka kufuma mu Testamente Lakale, nga ghakuti “mungelo wa Yehova,” ndipo awo ŵakakoperanga Testamente Lasono la Chigiriki ŵakafumiskamo zina la Chiuta na kulembamo mazgu ghakuti Kyʹri·os, agho ghakung’anamura “Fumu.”—2 Mathemba 1:3, 15; Milimo 12:23.
Zina la Chiuta mu Chihebere
Nanga ni apo Shadwell na Parker ŵakaŵa ŵandafumiske Baibolo lawo la Chingelezi, ŵanji awo ŵakang’anamura Baibolo ŵakawezgeramo zina la Chiuta mu ma Baibolo ghawo gha Chingelezi mu Testamente Lasono, kweni ŵakachita ivi mu malo ghachoko waka.b Pambere chaka cha 1863 chindakwane, apo Parker wakafumiska Baibolo la Testamente Lasono la Chingelezi lakung’anamurika lizgu pa lizgu, pakaŵavya waliyose uyo wakawezgeramo mu malo ghanandi nthena zina la Chiuta mu Baibolo la Testamente Lasono. Kasi Lancelot Shadwell na Frederick Parker ŵakaŵa anjani?
Lancelot Shadwell
Lancelot Shadwell (1808-1861) wakaŵa loya kweniso mwana wa Lancelot Shadwell, wachiŵiri kwa mulara munyake wa ku England. Shadwell wakaŵa membara wa tchalitchi la Church of England. Nangauli wakagomezganga Utatu, kweni wakachindikanga chomene zina la Chiuta, wakalichemanga kuti “zina lauchindami la YEHOVA.” Mu Baibolo ilo wakang’anamura, Mabuku gha Makani Ghawemi gha Mateyu na Mariko, wakagwiliskira ntchito zina lakuti “Yehova” m’malo ghakukwana 28 kweniso mu manosi ghake likasangikangamo maulendo 465.
Shadwell wakwenera kuti wakamanya zina la Chiuta apo wakawona Testamente Lakale ilo likalembeka mu Chihebere. Wakayowoya kuti ŵanthu awo ŵakafumiskamo zina la Chiuta mu Baibolo na kulembamo lizgu lakuti Kyʹri·os mu Malemba Ghachigiriki agho ghali na mazgu gha mu Testamente Lakale, “ŵakaŵa ŵambura kugomezgeka.”
The Gospel according to Matthew rendered into English with notes, by L. Shadwell (1859), provided by the Bodleian Libraries. Licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 UK. Modified: Text highlighted
Ivyo Shadwell wakang’anamura pa Mateyu 1:20
Shadwell wakagwiliskira ntchito kakwamba zina lakuti “Yehova” pa Mateyu 1:20. Pa vesi ili pali mazgu ghakuti: “Lizgu lakuti [Kyʹri·os] ilo lili pa vesi ili, kweniso mu vigaŵa vinyake mu Testamente Lasono likung’anamura YEHOVA, zina leneko la Chiuta: ndipo ntchakuzirwa chomene kuti zina ili liwezgekeremo mu Baibolo la Chingelezi.” Kweniso wakayowoya kuti: “Ndivyo tikwenera kuchita kulongora kuti tikuchindika Chiuta. Wakujivumbura na zina lake lakuti YEHOVA: ndipo ntchiwemi chomene kuzunura zina lake ili para tikuyowoya vya iyo.” Kweniso wakati: “Mu Baibolo la E.V. [Established, Authorized, panji la King James Version], zina la YEHOVA likusangikanga kweni patalipatali. M’malo mwakugwiliskira ntchito zina leneko la Chiuta, mbwenu tikusanga mazgu ghakuti Fumu.” Shadwell wakatiso: “Zina lakuti Fumu ndakwenelera yayi kuti ligwirenge ntchito m’malo mwa kuzunura zina leneko la Chiuta.” Kweniso Shadwell wakayowoya kuti ŵanthu ŵa ku kwake nawo ŵakumuchema kuti “Fumu.”
“[Chiuta] wakujivumbura na zina lake lakuti YEHOVA: ndipo ntchiwemi chomene kuzunura zina lake ili para tikuyowoya vya iyo.”—Lancelot Shadwell
Shadwell wakafumiska buku la Mateyu ilo wakang’anamura mu 1859 ndipo wakafumiska buku ilo mukaŵa Mateyu na Mariko mu 1861. Pa nyengo iyi ndipo pakamalira ntchito yake yakung’anamura. Wakafwa pa January 11, 1861, apo wakaŵa na vyaka 52. Ndipouli mulimo wake undawe pawaka.
Frederick Parker
Frederick Parker (1804-1888) uyo wakachitanga bizinesi kweniso wakaŵa musambazi ku London wakamanya vyakukhwaskana na buku la Mateyu ilo wakang’anamura Shadwell. Parker wakamba kung’anamura Testamente Lasono apo wakaŵa na vyaka vya m’ma 20. Mwakupambana na Shadwell, Parker wakagomezganga yayi chisambizgo cha Utatu. Wakalemba kuti: “[Mphanyi] Tchalitchi lose la Mwana wakutemweka wa [Chiuta]. . . na mtima wose lazomera uwo mbunenesko . . . na kusopa Wankhongonozose Yehova.” Parker wakawonaso kuti mu mipukutu ya Testamente Lasono iyo mukaŵa zina lakuti Kyʹri·os likagwiranga ntchito paŵiri, Fumu Chiuta na Fumu Yesu ndipo chikaŵa chakusuzga kupambaniska pakati pa ŵaŵiri aŵa. Ntheura wakanweka kuwona kuti m’malo munyake Shadwell wakagwiliskira ntchito zina lakuti “Yehova” m’malo mwa Kyʹri·os.
Kasi ntchivichi chikamovwira Parker kumanya fundo iyi? Wakasambira Chigiriki ndipo wakalemba mabuku ghanandi na mathirakiti mu Chigiriki. Kweniso wakaŵa membara wa Anglo-Biblical Institute, wupu uwo ukaŵikangapo mtima kuchita kafukufuku mu mipukutu ya mu Baibolo na chilato chakuti ŵalembenge ma Baibolo gha Chingelezi ghawemi chomene. Mu 1842, Parker wakamba kung’anamura Baibolo lake lakwamba la Testamente Lasono mu vigaŵavigaŵa.c
Ivyo Parker (Heinfetter) wakang’anamura mu Testamente Lasono
Ivyo Parker Wakachita Kuti Wawezgeremo Zina la Chiuta
Kwa vyaka vinandi, Parker wakalembanga mafumbo nga ghakuti: “Ni mpha apo lizgu lakuti Kyʹri·os likung’anamura Fumu Yesu, ndipo ni mpha apo likung’anamura Fumu Chiuta?” “Chifukwa wuli lizgu lakuti Kyʹri·os kanandi likugwira ntchito nga ni zina waka m’malo mwa zina laudindo?”
Parker wakati wawona ivyo Shadwell wakalemba mu buku la Mateyu mu 1859 kweniso umo wakachitira na lizgu lakuti Kyʹri·os, wakakhorwa navyo kuti mu vigaŵa vinyake Kyʹri·os “wakwenera kung’anamurika kuti Yehova.” Ntheura wakanozgaso Baibolo lake lose la Testamente Lasono na kuŵikamo “Yehova” palipose apo wakawona kuti lizgu ili ndakwenelera kuyana na nkhani iyo yikuyowoyeka panji malango gha kalembero gha Chigiriki. Nakuti Baibolo Testamente Lasono ilo Parker wakafumiska mu 1863, zina la Chiuta likusangika m’malo 187. Vikulongora kuti Baibolo la Chingelezi ili ndakwamba kugwiliskira ntchito zina la Chiuta m’malo ghose ghakukhumbikwa mu Baibolo la Malemba gha Chikhristu gha Chigiriki.d
Peji lakwamba la ivyo Parker wakang’anamura mu 1864 mu Testamente Lasono
Mu 1864, Parker wakafumiska Baibolo la Collation of an English Version of the New Testament pamoza na Baibolo la Authorized English Version. Wakasazga pamoza ma Baibolo ghaŵiri agha na chilato chakuti chiŵe chipusu kupambaniska Baibolo lake na ma Baibolo ghanyake.e
Kuti walongore kuzirwa kwa kuwezgeramo zina la Chiuta mu Baibolo, Parker wakalongosora vya mavesi ghanyake gha mu Baibolo la Authorized Version, nga mpha Ŵaroma 10:13 apo pakuti: “Pakuti, waliyose uyo wachemenge pa zina la Fumu wazamuponoskeka.” Parker wakafumba kuti: “Kasi ŵanthu ŵakamanyanga nthena kuti pa vesi ili mu Authorized English Version, mazgu ghakuti, ‘Fumu’ ghakwimira Yehova, m’malo mwa Mwana Yesu Khristu Fumu yithu?”
Ŵaroma 10:13 mu King James Version (pachanya) na ivyo Parker wakang’anamura mu 1864
Parker wakagwiliskira ntchito ndalama zinandi chomene kuti wafumiske na kugaŵira ŵanthu mathirakiti, mapepara, na vinyake ivyo wakalemba. Nakuti mu chaka chimoza pera, wakamara ndalama izo pasono zingakwana madola 132,000 gha ku America. Kweniso wakagaŵa mwawanangwa vinyake ivyo wakafumiska ku ŵanthu awo wakamanyananga nawo kweniso ŵamaudindo ghakurughakuru mu visopa kuti ŵawone umo viliri.
Ŵanthu ŵanyake awo ŵakusanda vya Baibolo ŵakasuska ivyo Parker wakalemba ndiposo ivyo wakang’anamura mu Testamente Lasono. Ntheura ŵakazirwiska yayi ivyo Parker na Shadwell kweniso ivyo ŵanji ŵakachita, pa kuwezgeramo zina la Chiuta mu Testamente Lasono la Chingelezi.
Mungawonelera vidiyo ya maminiti 10 iyi yakuti: Kuwona Malo Ghakusungira Vinthu Vyakale ku Warwick: “Baibolo na Zina la Chiuta.”
a “Ya,” nkhudumura kwa zina la “Yehova,” ndipo tikulisanga pa Chivumbuzi 19:1, 3, 4, 6 na mazgu ghakuti “Haleluya,” kung’anamura “Lumbani Ya, imwe mwaŵanthu!”
b Shadwell wakamalizga yayi kung’anamura Baibolo lose la Testamente Lasono. Ŵanji awo ŵakang’anamura ŵakaŵa Philip Doddridge, Edward Harwood, William Newcome, Edgar Taylor, na Gilbert Wakefield.
c Kuti bizinesi yake yileke kumutimbanizga uku wakuchita vya Baibolo, Parker wakagwiliskiranga ntchito zina lakuti Herman Heinfetter pa vinthu vya chisopa ivyo wakalembanga kweniso apo wakang’anamuranga Baibolo. Zina ili likusangika kanandi waka pa vyakusazgirapo mu Baibolo la Malemba Ghakupatulika mu Mang’anamuliro Gha Charu Chiphya.
d Mu 1864, Parker wakafumiska Baibolo la An English Version of the New Testament ilo likaŵa na zina la Chiuta m’malo ghakukwana 186
e Pambere Parker wandafumiske mabuku gha mu Baibolo agho wakang’anamura, Mabaibolo ghanandi gha Testamente Lasono mu Chihebere ghakaŵa na zina la Chiuta mu mavesi ghanyake. Kweniso, mu 1795, Johann Jakob Stolz wakafumiska Baibolo ilo likang’anamurika mu Chijeremani ndipo likaŵa na zina la Chiuta m’malo ghakujumpha 90 kwamba Mateyu mpaka Yuda.