Kasi Baibolo Likuti Wuli pa Nkhani ya Daniyeli?

Ivyo Baibolo likuyowoya

Daniyeli wakaŵa Muyuda ndipo wakaŵa ntchimi yapadera iyo yikaŵako cha m’ma 600 na 500 B.C.E. Chiuta wakamovwira kuti wapatawulirenge maloto, wakamulongoranga mboniwoni za ivyo vizamuchitika kunthazi, kweniso wakamovwira na mzimu wake kuti walembe buku la mu Baibolo ilo likumanyikwa na zina lake.—Daniyeli 1:17; 2:19.

Kasi Daniyeli wakaŵa njani?

Daniyeli wakakulira ku Yuda, ndipo msumba wa Yerusalemu na tempile la Ŵayuda vikaŵa mu chigaŵa cha ufumu wenewuwu. Mu 617 B.C.E., themba la Babuloni, Nebukadinezara, wakawukira msumba wa Yerusalemu na kukora “ŵanalume ŵakumanyikwa mu charu” na kuluta nawo ku wuzga ku Babuloni (2 Mathemba 24:15; Daniyeli 1:1). Daniyeli, uyo panyengo iyo wakwenera kuti wakaŵa wachinyamata, nayoso ŵakaluta nayo.

Ŵalinda ŵakupelekezga Daniyeli na ŵanyake ku nyumba yachifumu ya Babuloni.

Daniyeli na ŵanyamata ŵanyake (nga ni Shadireki, Misheki, na Abedinego) ŵakatolekera ku nyumba yachifumu ku Babuloni kuti ŵakasambire vyakukhwaskana na milimo ya mu charu ichi. Nangauli ŵakachichizgikanga kuti ŵachite vinthu ivyo vikasuskananga na ivyo ŵakagomezganga, kweni Daniyeli na ŵanyake ŵatatu ŵakalutilira kuŵa ŵakugomezgeka kwa Chiuta wawo, Yehova. (Daniyeli 1:3-8) Ŵati ŵasambizgika kwa vyaka vitatu, Themba Nebukadinezara wakaŵalumba chifukwa cha vinjeru na maluso ghawo, ndipo wakati “ŵakaŵa na mahara chomene kuwerezga kakhumi kuluska ŵasembe wose ŵamasalamusi na gulu lose lakuwukwa mu uthemba wake wose.” Wakimika Daniyeli na ŵanyake ŵatatu kuti ŵateŵeterenge mu luŵaza lwa themba.—Daniyeli 1:18-20.

Pamanyuma pa vyaka vinandi, apo Daniyeli wakaŵa na vyaka vya m’ma 90, wakachemeka ku nyumba yachifumu. Mwanalume munyake zina lake Belishazara, uyo panyengo iyo wakawusanga Babuloni, wakapempha Daniyeli kuti wamuphalire ng’anamuro la mazgu agho minwe ya woko la munthu yikalemba pa chiliŵa mwamunthondwe. Mwakulongozgeka na mzimu, Daniyeli wakavumbura kuti Babuloni wazamuthereskeka na Ufumu wa Ŵamedi na Peresiya. Babuloni wakathereskeka usiku wenewuwo.—Daniyeli 5:1, 13-31.

Daniyeli wakupatawura ivyo woko lalemba pa chiliŵa.

Apo Babuloni wakamba kuwusika na Ufumu wa Ŵamedi na Peresiya, Daniyeli wakimikika kuŵa nduna ndipo Themba Dariyasi likakhumbangaso kumukwezga pa udindo uwo wakaŵa nawo. (Daniyeli 6:1-3) Ŵamazaza ŵanyake awo ŵakamba kumuchitira sanji Daniyeli, ŵakanozga chiŵembu chakuti ŵamukome mwa kumuponya mu khululu la nkhalamu, kweni Yehova wakamuthaska. (Daniyeli 6:4-23) Apo Daniyeli wakaŵa pafupi kufwa, mungelo wakawonekera kwa iyo kaŵiri na kumusimikizgira kuti wakaŵa “munthu wakuzirwa chomene.”—Daniyeli 10:11, 19.

Wonelerani nkhani yose ya Daniyeli mu vidiyo ya vigaŵa viŵiri iyi, ya mutu wakuti, Daniyeli: Wakaŵa na Chipulikano.

Kasi mbiri yikuvumbura vichi vyakukhwaskana na buku la Daniyeli?

Daniyeli wakalemba kuti: Nebukadinezara wakimika chikozgo chikuru, na kulangura ŵanthu wose kuti ŵachisindamire, ndipo wakaponya mu ng’anjo ya moto wose awo ŵakakana kupulikira ivyo wakalangura.—Daniyeli 3:1-6.

Ivyo mbiri yikuvumbura: Kuyana na ivyo yikuyowoya Encyclopædia Britannica, Nebukadinezara wakalongozganga ntchito zikuruzikuru za kuzenga mu Babuloni “kuti wapike waka ntchindi yayi, kweniso wakakhumbanga kupeleka uchindami ku ŵachiuta ŵawo. Iyo wakatenge kuti ‘ndiyo wakapangiskanga kuti ŵanthu ŵasopenge ŵachiuta ŵawo.’”

Pa nkhani yakukhwaskana na chilango cha kuponya ŵanthu mu ng’anjo ya moto, mu mbiri ya Ŵababuloni chikuzunulika kanandi waka, nakuti nyengo zinyake mbiri yikulongora kuti muwusi ndiyo wakadumuranga kuti ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵaponyeke mu ng’anjo ya moto. Mpukutu unyake wakale uwo ukalembeka mu nyengo ya Nebukadinezara, ukulongosora vya chilango icho ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵaudindo ŵakapika chifukwa cha kuyuyura ŵachiuta ŵa Ŵababuloni. Mpukutu uwu ukuti: “Ŵaparanyani, ŵawotchani, ŵaphye thibu, . . . mu ng’anjo ya moto . . . moto uŵe wankhongono chomene kweniso josi liŵe linandi mwakuti ŵafwe mwaluŵiro.”a

Daniyeli wakalemba kuti: Themba Nebukadinezara wakajitukumuranga chifukwa cha vinthu ivyo wakazenga.—Daniyeli 4:29, 30.

Njerwa iyo ŵafukura ku Babuloni, yili na zina la Nebukadinezara

Ivyo mbiri yikuvumbura: “Ivyo Nebukadinezara wakalemba vyakukhwaskana na iyomwene vikulongora kuti wakajiwonanga kuŵa themba lankhongono chomene kweniso kuti ni murunji.”b Mwachiyelezgero, pa chiliŵa chinyake pakalembeka mazgu ghakujithumbwa gha Nebukadinezara agho ghakatenge: “Nkhazenga na ulambwe wakunata na njerwa chiliŵa ichi, icho chili nga ni phiri, ndipo chingasezgeka yayi . . . Nkhakhozga malinga gha Esagila na Babuloni mwakuti ŵanthu ŵazakakumbukenge muwuso wane muyirayira.”c Njerwa zinandi izo zikusangika ku Babuloni zili na chidindo cha zina la Nebukadinezara.

Daniyeli wakalemba kuti: Themba Belishazara likalangura kuti Daniyeli waŵe “muwusi wachitatu mu uthemba” wa Babuloni.—Daniyeli 5:1, 13-16.

Chiphapha cha mu 550 B.C.E. icho chikuyowoya vya Themba Nabonidus na mwana wake Belishazara

Ivyo mbiri yikuvumbura: Mwanalume munyake zina lake Nabonidus wakaŵa themba apo vinthu ivyo vikuzunulika mu buku la Daniyeli chaputara 5 vikalembekanga. Ndipouli, Nabonidus wakakhala chomene mu Babuloni yayi pa nyengo iyo wakaŵa themba, kweni wakaŵa ku Arabia. Kasi ni njani wakawusanga Babuloni pa nyengo iyo wakaŵa kunyake? Wakusanda mbiri munyake zina lake Raymond Philip Dougherty wakalemba mu buku lake lakuchemeka Nabonidus and Belshazzar kuti: “Mbiri yikulongora kuti Nabonidus wakalekera dankha mwana wake mulara ufumu, mwana uyu wakaŵa Belishazara. Belishazara wakanjira m’malo mwa awiske ndipo ndiyo wakachitanga vinthu ivyo themba likwenera kuchita.” Pakuti pa malo ghakwamba na ghachiŵiri mu ufumu uwu pakaŵa kale Nabonidus na Belishazara, lekani Daniyeli wakimikika kuŵa wachitatu.

a Journal of Biblical Literature, Volume 128, Number 2, peji 279, 284.

b Babylon—City of Wonders, lakulembeka na Irving Finkel na Michael Seymour, peji 17.

c Archæology and the Bible, lakulembeka na George Barton, peji 479.