Ɔfã 3

Adanse Wɔ Hɔ!

ƐDENAM nnyigyei a radio de fi ahunmu ba a wotie so no, nyansahufo ahu biribi a ahaw wɔn adwene kɛse.

Yebetumi ahwehwɛ asɛm no mu afi 1965 bere a na Arno Penzias ne Robert Wilson de afiri bi a ne tenten yɛ anammɔn 20 reyɛ adwuma wɔ Bell Laboratories wɔ New Jersey no. Bere a woresua tumi a efi hann mu a ebetumi aka nkitaho a wɔnam afiri bi so di ho ade no, wohuu anyinam ahoɔden hann bi a efi wim reba. Bere bi akyi no, wohui sɛ ɛda adi sɛ na wɔretie biribi foforo a aka. Nea efi dɛn mu aka? Adwene a wokura ne sɛ amansan no fi biribi a ɛpaee mu na ɛbae, ne sɛ mframa hyew a na atwa ho ahyia no te sɛ ogya a efi saa ade kurukuruwa a ɛpaee no mu.

Ebia wubesusuw sɛ, ‘na eyi fa asɛm a ɛne sɛ ebia abɔde a wonim nyansa wɔ hɔ anaasɛ wonni hɔ no ho dɛn?

Saa ade yi a wohui a ɛmaa Penzias ne Wilson nyaa Nobel Akyɛde no maa nyansahufo pii gye toom sɛ na abɔde bi wɔ hɔ dedaw. Wim nneɛma ho nimdefo a wagye din Dr. Robert Jastrow kyerɛkyerɛ mu sɛ: “Susuw asɛm no kɛse ho hwɛ. Nyansahu akyerɛ sɛ Amansan yi bae denam apae kɛse bi a ɛbae bere bi so. Ebisa sɛ dɛn na ɛmaa eyi bae? Hena anaasɛ dɛn na ɛde nneɛma a wohu ne ahoɔden baa Amansan yi mu?

Bebree gye tom sɛ nyansahu nkutoo ntumi mfa mmuae a edi mu mma da. Nanso Jastrow ne nyansahufo afoforo te asɛm no ase sɛ: “Mprempren yi yehu sɛnea ɔsom abɔde ho nimdeɛ dan kɔ nea Bible ka wɔ wiase asefi ho no so. Nkyerɛkyerɛmu no bi sonsonee, nanso nneɛma atitiriw a ɛwɔ ɔsoro abɔde ho nimdeɛ mu ne Bible kyerɛwtohɔ ahorow a ɛwɔ Genesis mu no yɛ ade koro: nsɛm a esisii de besi onipa so no bae mpofirim wɔ hann ne ahoɔden mu.”

Nanso Bible no ka pii sen sɛ ebebisa sɛ ‘Hena na ɔmaa nneɛma a aniwa hu ne ahoɔden baa Amansan yi mu?’ Ɛde mmuae a ntease wom ma​—Ɔbɔadeɛ Nyankopɔn no. Nea ɛne ade a Einstein hui a ɛne sɛ nneɛma a ahoɔden wom ne ade a wohu hyia yɛ biako no, Bible no di adanse sɛ Ɔboadeɛ no ne “ahoɔden kɛse” fibea.​—Gen. 1:1; Dw. 90:2; Yes. 30:26-29.

Jastrow de n’asɛm no ba awiei sɛ: “Abɔde ho nyansahufo a ne gyidi gyina ne nimdeɛ so no fam no, asɛm no ba awiei te sɛ adaeso bi a ntease nnim. Wayɛ nea onnim ho nhwehwɛmu; aka kakra na wahu; nanso bere a ɔreyɛ awie no, ohu sɛ wɔn a wɔasua Onyankopɔn asɛm no nim mfehaha pii dedaw.”​—God and Astronomers.

Nanso ɛnyɛ mfomso ankasa sɛ wɔbɛba abegye atom sɛ Ɔbɔadeɛ bi wɔ hɔ. Ɛnsɛ sɛ ɛyɛ den ma onipa a otumi gye tom sɛ ebetumi aba sɛ abɔde a wonim nyansa wɔ ahunmu no sɛ obegye nea Bible ka wɔ ɔbɔadeɛ teasefo ho no atom. Sɛ nhwɛso no, Bible no bɔ yɛn amanneɛ sɛ, sɛ́ anka ɔbɛyɛ ɔhonam ne mogya te sɛ yɛn no, ɔbɔadeɛ no yɛ honhom. (Yoh. 4:24) Enti, ɛwom sɛ yentumi nhu no de, nanso yetumi hu nea ɔyɛ, sɛnea nyansahufo ntumi mfa wɔn aniwa nhu radio mframa a efi ahunmu no nanso wɔn nsa tumi ka na wodi ho dwuma no.

Afei nso, wɔ a Ɔbɔadeɛ bi a onim nyansa wɔ hɔ no ne nyansa ne adwini a ɛda adi wɔ amansan yi mu no hyia​—efi nsoromma akuwakuw a ɛyɛ nwonwa no so kosi nneɛma nketenkete pii no so.

Nkwa a Ɛwɔ Asase So​—Efi Nyansa Mu

Sɛ ‘abɔde a onim nyansa,’ a ɔte sɛ Ɔbɔadeɛ teasefo nyansafo bi ‘wɔ hɔ’ a, ɛbɛboa akyerɛkyerɛ nneɛma titiriw a ɛfa nkwa a yɛwɔ wɔ asase so ha no mu.

Dodow a saa nyansahufo no sua okyinsoromma afoforo a ɛwɔ okyinsoromma a etwa owia no ho hyia ne amansan no nyinaa ho ade no, dodow ara na wohu sɛnea wɔahyɛ da ayɛ yɛn asase yi ama asetra ankasa. Wɔ asɛm “Adesua Kyerɛ sɛ Asase so Nkutoo na Ebetumi Aba sɛ Nkwa Wɔ” no mu no, New York Times daa no adi sɛ: “Bere a ɛne owia no ntam twe akwansin ɔpepem 93 no, asase so hyew ama asetra atumi ayɛ yiye. Nanso sɛ wɔmaa yɛn asase yi bɛn owia no kakraa bi a, anka ɛbɛyɛ te sɛ Venus​—okyinsoromma a wusiw adura ho a ɛso yɛ hyew yiye no.”

“Nanso sɛ yɛne owia no ntam kwan ware kakraa bi pɛ bio bere a wɔde asase sii hɔ no a, anka sukyerɛmma bɛkata asase ho, na mfe ɔpepem pii a atwam no, anka yɛn okyinsoromma yi ayɛ sɛ sare a hwee nni so to sɛ Mars.”​—April 24, 1979.

Na ɛnyɛ nea ɛfa wim tebea ho nko. Nneɛma pii nso a ɛho hia ma nkwa wɔ hɔ, a nsu ne mframa pa ka ho. Nyansahufo 30 a wɔkɔɔ nhyiam bi a wɔyɛe wɔ Sukuu Kunini bi mu wɔ Maryland a ɛfa mmeae horow a anibuei wɔ ho no de wɔn adwene sii nea ehia ma nkwa akɔ so atra hɔ no so. Bere a wogye toom sɛ ‘wonnya nhuu okyinsoromma biara nkaa okyinsoromma a etwa owia ho hyia no ho’ akyi no, wɔkae sɛ: “Mpo sɛ wɔde okyinsoromma nhyehyɛe foforo si hɔ a, biribiara nni hɔ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛde ‘okyinsoromma bi a ɛte sɛ Asase a ekura nneɛma bɛyɛ 100, a nneɛma a ehia ma nkwa nso ka ho no bɛma.”

Afei nso, sɛ tebea horow a eye wɔ hɔ, sɛnea ɛte wɔ asase so a ebi nni baabi foforo biara a wonim no mpo a, nkwa nyɛ nea ɛba mpofirim ara kwa. ‘Nokwasɛm ni, nyansahufo ntumi nkyerɛkyerɛ sɛnea ɛyɛe a nkwa baa asase so no mu ankasa, kyerɛ sɛ, sen sɛ wobegye atom sɛ ɔbɔadeɛ nyansafo bi na ɔbɔe.

August ne September 1979 Technology Review twee adwene kɔɔ nokwasɛm yi so. Egye toom sɛ “nsonoe kɛse” da nneɛma a ɛho hia ma nkwa ne “nneɛma nketenkete a nkwa wom” no mpo ntam. Bere a wɔde wɔn nyansa, nimdeɛ ne mfiri afoforo a wɔde hwehwɛ nneɛma mu redi dwuma no, nyansahufo binom atumi aka sɛnea nneɛma a ɛho hia ma nkwa betumi aba, asase so fi mfiase ho asɛm. “Nanso,” asɛm no kae sɛ, “sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ na afi hɔ abɛyɛ abɔde a wɔte asɛm ase na wɔde di dwuma no ne nea Alexander Rich frɛɛ no nkwa ho ade a wontumi nte ase’” no.

Ɛhe Na Nkwa Fi Bae?

Ɛwom sɛ woayɛ nhwehwɛmu pii wɔ nkwa ho de, nanso, asemmisa ‘Ɔkwan bɛn so na nkwa nyaa mfiase wɔ asase so?’ no mu kɔ so yɛ den.

Nyansahufo bi a wohyiaa asɛm a emu yɛ den yi resan de nkyerɛkyerɛ bi a Sweden nnurufra ho nimdefo Svante Arrhenius de too gua 1908 mu no aba bio. Wɔfrɛɛ no “panspermia theory.” Titiriw no, egye tom sɛ ɛbɛyɛ sɛ nkwammoa a wɔnennam amansan yi mu na wobeguu asase so mpofirim. Bere a woresiesie saa asɛm yi kakra no, Leslie Orgel a ɔwɔ Salk Adesuabea ne Francis H. C. Crick a onyaa Nobel Akyɛde no ahyɛ “directed panspermia” ho nyansa. Wɔn nsusuwii ne sɛ, ɛbɛyɛ sɛ nnipa bi a wɔn ani abue a, wɔwɔ amansan yi fã baabi na wɔboapa de nkwa “baa” asase so sɛ ade bi a wɔresɔ ahwɛ. Dɛn na wususuw wɔ eyi a ebetumi aba no ho?

Ɛbɛda adi pefee sɛ saa nsusuwii ahorow yi mmua asemmisa a ɛfa nkwa mfiase ho no. Wokwati asemmisa no denam nsɛm foforo a emu yɛ den so a wɔdan kɔ no so, ɛmfa ho sɛ nyansahufo nsii so dua: 1) sɛ okyinsoromma ahorow bi a abɔde a nkwa wom betumi atra so, 2) sɛ nnipa a wɔn ani abue wɔ yɛn okyinsoromma ahorow a etwa owia ho hyia no akyi, ne 3) sɛ mmoawa nketenkete wɔ okyinsoromma afoforo a ɛka yɛn okyinsoromma a etwa owia ho hyia yi ho no so.

Bio nso, saa adwene yi a wokura nnɛ no ma ɛda adi sɛ, ɔkwan bi so no, abɔde ho nyansahufo bebree hu sɛ ɛbɛyɛ sɛ nkwa a ɛwɔ hɔ no nam Onyansafo bi a Bible ka ne ho asɛm sɛ Onyankopɔn no so na ɛbae.

Wɔ eyi ho no, abɔde ho nyansahu ho nhoma kyerɛwfo Albert Rosenfeld ka sɛ: “Ná me ne m’adamfo bi a onni adebɔ ho nimdeɛ biara rebɔ eyi nyinaa ho nkɔmmɔ, na awiei koraa no ɔkae sɛ: ‘Sɛ́ obi a madi kan akan Genesis Nhoma no, adwene a ese Obi a Ɔwɔ Hɔ na ɔde yɛn baa ha no nyɛ me nwonwa. Na sɛ obi a ne ho yɛ nwonwa na ɔyɛ onyansafo wɔ hɔ a, ɛboro nnipa so sɛ wobesusuw ne ho a, so mubetumi akyerɛ me nea enti a ɛnsɛ sɛ mefrɛ no Onyankopɔn?’ Mantumi amfa nea enti a ɛnsɛ sɛ ɔfrɛ no saa ho nkyerɛkyerɛmu pa biara amma.”​—Saturday Review/World.

Onyansafo a Ɔwɔ Hɔ No Ho Mfaso a Yebenya

Mfiase no, yehuu adwentitiriw nti a wɔhwehwɛ abɔde a wonim nyansa wɔ ahunmu no: Bebree a wɔreyɛ nhwehwɛmu yi te nka sɛ sɛ wotumi hu nnipa bi a wɔte saa a, yɛn a yɛwɔ asase so no benya ho mfaso. Kae sɛ wim nneɛma ho nimdefo Carl Sagan kãe sɛ ebia abɔde a wonim nyansa a wɔwɔ ahunmu no bɛboa yɛn ma yɛasiw ɔkɔm, ɔko ne mframa a wɔsɛe no ano. Wɔaka sɛ ebia ɛbɛma yɛatumi adi owu so nkonim mpo. Eyi yɛ anigye yiye, efisɛ Ɔbɔadeɛ Nyansafo, a adanse no fa ne ho no ada n’atirimpɔw adi sɛ ɔbɛma saa nneɛma no aba awiei.

Ahunmu akwantufo a wɔkɔɔ ɔsram no so de nsɛm ne TV so mfonini ahorow aba asase so. Enti ɛnyɛ nwonwa sɛ Ɔbɔadeɛ no betumi aka asɛm akyerɛ nnipa; na wayɛ saa bere a atwam no. Wɔakyerɛw saa nsɛm yi ato hɔ sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔbɛkora so na wɔde pii amema; wohu eyi wɔ Bible mu.

Yedii kan hui sɛ Ɔbenfo Robert Jastrow kae sɛ asɛm a ɛwɔ Bible mu ne nneɛma a wim nneɛma ho animdefo ahwehwɛ ahu no hyia. Na hyia a Bible no ne nyansahu hyia no mfa amansan yi bɔ nkutoo ho. (Fa toto Hiob 26:7; Yes. 40:22 ho.) Enti yɛwɔ biribi pa a enti ɛsɛ sɛ yɛpɛɛpɛɛ nea Bible ka wɔ bere a Ɔbɔadeɛ no bɛma mframa a wɔresɛe no, ɔko ne owu ankasa mpo aba awiei ne sɛnea ɔbɛyɛ no no mu hwɛ. Yɛhyɛ wo nkuran ma w’abu mpɛɛpɛɛmu a wobɛyɛ wɔ Bible mu asɛm a efi Ɔbɔadeɛ no nkyɛn no aniberesɛm sɛnea nyansahufo ayɛ wɔ abɔde a nkwa wom a wɔrehwehwɛ wɔ ahunmu no ho ara pɛ no.

[Asɛm a wɔafa aka wɔ kratafa 11]

“Mprempren yehu sɛnea nea ɛda adi wɔ ɔsoro abɔde ho nimdeɛ mu no kowie nea Bible ka wɔ wiase asefi ho no mu”

[Asɛm a wɔafa aka wɔ kratafa 11]

‘Wonnya nhuu okyinsoromma foforo biara nkaa nea etwa owia ho hyia no ho’

[Asɛm a wɔafa aka wɔ kratafa 13]

Yɛwɔ ntease pa a enti ɛsɛ sɛ yɛpɛɛpɛɛ nea Bible ka no mu hwɛ