Part 2

Nea Enti A Sigaretnom Abu So Saa

ƐMFA HO sɛ wɔbɔ kɔkɔ ahorow fa akwahosan ho na wɔkasa tia sigaretnom, sigaretnom abu so ara. Nokwarem no, nnipa bebree nom sigaret pii sen sɛnea na wɔnom kan no.

Efi 1965 mu besi 1978 mu no, sigaret mfuamfua dodow a wɔnomee wɔ Amerika no kɔɔ anim bɛyɛ 90,000,000,000,000, nanso, wɔn a wɔnom sigaret no de, na wɔn dodow te sɛnea ɛte no ara. Dɛn nti na wɔn a wɔnom no ama dodow a wɔnom no akɔ anim?

Nicotine ne Tar a Ɛwɔ Mu No

Ɛda adi sɛ aduru a wɔfrɛ no nicotine ne tar a ɛwɔ sigaret mu a wɔatew so no ka ho. Nicotine, ade titiriw a ɛwɔ tawa a wɔnom mu no yɛ awuduru bi a wɔde di dwuma wɔ nnuru a wɔde kum mmoawa a wɔtɔn no mu. Na tar nso yɛ aduru a ɛwɔ tawa wusiw mu. Esiane sɛ ade a wɔfrɛ no nicotine ne tar nye mma ahoɔden anaa akwahosan nti, nnwuma ahorow a wɔyɛ sigaret no tew dodow a ɛwɔ wɔn sigaret mu no so. Dɛn na efi mu ba?

Ade biako ne sɛ ɛma sigaretnomfo nom sigaret bebree. Medical World News bɔ amanneɛ sɛ: ‘Wɔ nhwehwɛmu bi a wɔyɛe mu no, wohui sɛ bere a nnipa baason a wɔnom sigaret yiye dan kɔɔ nea nicotine nni mu pii so no, wɔnom dodow bɛyɛ ɔha biara mu 25 kaa ho da biara “Ne saa nti, Dr. Stanley Schachter a ɔyɛɛ nhwehwɛmu no se: “Sigaret a nicotine nni mu pii a wobɔ ho dawuru sɛ eye no yɛ nnaadaa.”

Nanso, dɛn nti na sɛ nicotine ne tar nni sigaret mu kɛse a, wonom no pii? Titiriw, wɔyɛ saa sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ na nea ɔnom no anya nicotine a ɔhwehwɛ no​—nea ɛbɛyɛ a obenya dodow a wanom ma aka ne hɔ no. ‘Sɛ nea ɔnom sigaret no twe wusiw no kɔ ne mu a, simasin anaasɛ anibu kakraa bi mu no, nicotine no kɔ amemene no mu. Enti, Dr. Michael A. H. Russell kyerɛkyerɛ mu sɛ, nicotine dodow bi wɔ wusiw biara a wɔtwe mu. Ɔka wɔ Drug metabolism Review (1978) de no mu sɛ ɛte sɛ nea wɔde aduru bi a wɔfrɛ no sɛ heroin awɔ paane.

Obi a ɔde heroin adi dwuma ma aka ne hɔ betumi atra ase nnɔnhwerew bebree ansa na ne kɔn adɔ sɛ ɔde foforo bɛwɔ ne ho. Sɛ wonom sigaret wie a, egye bɛyɛ sɛ simma 20 kosi 30 ansa na nicotine no afi amemene no mu akɔ nkwaa afoforo mu. Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ eyi ne bere tenten ara a wɔn a wɔnom sigaret kɛse no tumi twɛn​—ansa na wɔahia nicotine foforo.

Nanso, so ɛteɛ anaasɛ ɛfata sɛ yɛde sɛnea obi kɔn tumi dɔ sigaret no toto sɛnea obi kɔn dɔ heroin no ho? So nicotine betumi anya obi so tumi ampa?

So Sigaretnom Yɛ Ade a Etumi Ka Obi Hɔ?

Mpɛn pii no, nkurɔfo ka sɛ wɔnom sigaret efisɛ ɛma wɔn ho tɔ wɔn, eyi adwennwen fi wɔn so na ɛma wɔte nka sɛ wɔn ho adwo wɔn. Nanso nhwehwɛmu ahorow kyerɛ sɛ, sɛ́ anka ɛbɛma nea ɔnom no ho atɔ no no, sigaretnom de nea ɛne eyi bɔ abira brɛ no akyiri yi.

Nokwasɛm yi daa adi bere a wɔn a wɔnnom sigaret ne wɔn a wɔnom hyiaa tebea horow a ɛma adwennwen no. Sigaretnomfo a wɔnom sigaret a nicotine wom kɛse saa bere no ho tɔɔ wɔn wɔ saa tebea no mu sen sɛ wɔnom nea nicotine nni mu kɛse anaasɛ ebi nni mu koraa no. Nanso wɔn ho antɔ wɔn ansen wɔn a wɔnnom sigaret a na wɔwɔ tebea koro no ara mu no. Awiei no, Dr. Schachter kae sɛ: “Sigaretnom mma nea ɔnom no nkwati ɔhaw anaa abufuw.” Nanso ɔde kaa ho sɛ, “sigaret a onnya bi nnom anaasɛ nicotine a afi ne mu no ma ne ho hiahia no anaasɛ ɛma n’ahome tew kɛse.”

Sɛnea obi a ɔde heroin adi dwuma ma aka ne hɔ hia heroin na ne ho a ehiahia no anaa n’ahome a ɛtew no akɔ fam no, saa nso na obi a ɔnom sigaret hia nicotine esiane biribi a ɛte saa ara nti.

Mprempren yi, wɔn a wɔwɔ ho nimdeɛ bu sigaretnom sɛ ade a etumi nya obi so tumi. Sɛnea Sigaretnom ne Akwahosan hoamanneɛbɔ bi a Engiresi Aburokyiri Nnuruyɛfo Sukuu no de mae kyerɛ no, “ɛyɛ aduru bi a etumi nya obi so tumi a ɛyɛ soronko fi nnuru afoforo a ɛtete saa no ho, nanso, ano yɛ den saa ara.” Amanneɛbɔ no de ba awiei sɛ: “Wɔn a wɔnom sigaret kɔ so yɛ saa esiane sɛ wɔannya nicotine no bi a wontumi ntra ase nti.”

Bere a wayɛ nhwehwɛmu a ɛsɛ akyi no, Dr. M. A. H. Russell ka no pefee sɛ: “Sɛ ɛnyɛ nicotine a ɛwɔ tawa mu a, anka nnipa ani rennye sigaret ho pii saa.” Ɛwom sɛ ebetumi aba sɛ afoforo ka ho na suban no ka hɔ anaasɛ egye ntini saa de, nanso ɛda adi pefee sɛ bebree a wɔnom sigaret no yɛ wɔn a anya wɔn nipadua so tumi ankasa. Eyi da adi wɔ wɔn ho a ehiahia wɔn bere a wonnya sigaret nnom no mu. Ɔreka gyae a ogyaee ho asɛm no, Budd Whitebook kyerɛwee wɔ Harper nsɛmma nhoma mu sɛ:

“Me honam nyinaa yɛɛ me yaw sen sɛnea misusuwii. Me nsa ne me koko ne m’anantu yɛɛ me yaw kɛse, na anadwo a edi kan no mehyɛɛ sum mu sui. Saa yaw no dii da koro pɛ, nanso anyɛ yiye koraa no, nnawɔtwe biako de, bere nyinaa na mete yaw nka wɔ me ho baabi. Ná m’ano, me hwene, me menewam, me yafunu ne me sẽ nyinaa nnya wusiw ne nicotine, na metee nkã kyɛe. Mekɔɔ so yɛɛ m’ano te sɛ nea merenom sigaret. Me menem yɛɛ kuru te sɛ nea manom sigaret pii dodo, ebia na efi twe a na metwe mframa kɔ me mu pii dodo bere a mennom sigaret no. Na meporow me hwene mu basabasa. Na me nipadua afã horow a ɛhwehwɛ sigaret no yɛ nwonwa​—nnompe, nipadua mu nkwaa ahorow, were ne nhwi​—ná emu biara te nka wɔ ne kwan so. Nnawɔtwe abien mu no, na me kɔn nnɔ hwee.”

Ebia wubebisa sɛ, ‘so ɛnyɛ atirimɔden sɛ wɔbɛhyɛ adeyɛ a etumi haw onipa na epira no anaasɛ ɛma ɔyare ho nkuran anaa?’ Dɛn nti na wɔyɛ?

Wɔyɛ Biribiara De Pɛ Sika

Wohu sɛ, nnipa a wɔn yam ye na wɔde obu ma wɔn no mpo yɛ biribiara pɛ sika. Yiw, wotumi kum obi mpo pɛ sika. Ɛtɔ da bi a, nniso horow kɔ ɔko, de nnipa pii bɔ afɔre, sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔbɛfa pɛsɛmenkominya kwan so abɔ nneɛma a ɛfa sikasɛm ho no ho ban. So biribi wɔ hɔ a ebetumi akyerɛ sɛ wɔhyɛ sigaretnom ho nkuran anaa?

Medical Tribune se: “Sigaret yɛ nneɛma ahorow a edi awu kɛse wɔ Amerika no mu biako, nanso nniso ahorow akyerɛ sɛ wɔmpɛ sɛ wɔbɔ ɔmanfo ho ban, anaasɛ nea enye koraa no, wɔyɛ ade de ma tebea bɔne no mu yɛ den denam sika fam mmoa a wɔde ma wɔn a wodua tawa no so.”

New York Daily News kae sɛ: “Suban a nniso no kura wɔ tawa ho no yɛ nyaatwom adeyɛ . . . ɛde ɛbo a eye a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde tɔ tawa ama fi 1938, na ama ɛbo no akɔ soro abesi dɔla ɔpepem 65 mprempren, a bosea dɔla ɔpepem 24 a wɔde ma ma wɔde tawa amana aman a ahia wɔn denam Aduan ma Asomdwoe nhyehyɛe so no ka ho.”

Amerika aban no nya dɔla ɔpepepem pii afe biara fi tow a wogyigye wɔ sigaret ho no mu. Nanso ɔmanfo mpempem pii nya tawa ho mfaso. Wɔ Amerika nkutoo no, sigaret a wɔnom boa mmusua 450,000 a wɔyɛ tawafuw ne nnipa 72,700 a wɔyɛ sigaret ho adwuma ma wonya biribi hwɛ wɔn ho. Wɔn a wodua tawa no mu biako kae sɛ: “Sɛ yegyae tawa yi dua a, ebehia sɛ aban hwɛ yɛn na ɔbɔ yɛn akɔnhama. Okuafo a n’afuw nyɛ kɛse rentumi nnya sika a ɔde bɛhwɛ ne ho mfi aburow ne adua a obedua mu.” Nanso nnipa betumi ayɛ nsakrae horow afa akwan horow so ahwɛ wɔn ho. Mfe bi a atwam no, Yehowa Adansefo nyinaa a na wɔyɛ tawa ho adwuma ɔkwan bi so no gyaee. Wotumi huu fata a na ɛmfata mma Kristoni sɛ ɔbɛyɛ biribi a sɛnea nnuruyɛfo kyerɛ no, “ɛno na ekum nnipa pii afe biara sen Amerikafo a wowuwui akono wɔ Wiase Ko II mu, ne Korea ne Vietnam a wɔaka abom no.”

Nanso ebia ebinom bɛka sɛ: ‘Obi a ɔnom sigaret no pira n’ankasa ho. Dɛn nti na ɛsɛ sɛ wɔbara ade a nkurɔfo te nka sɛ ɛma wɔn ani gye’?

[Kratafa 8 mfoni]

Sɛnea obi a ɔde heroin adi dwuma ma aka ne hɔ hia bi na ɔde adwudwo ne ho a ehiahia no ano no . . . . . . saa nso na obi a ɔnom sigaret hia nicotine wɔ ade a ɛte saa ara nti