Sɛnea Nnipa Pii Agye Ayaresa ne Oprehyɛn a Wɔmfa Mogya Nka Ho no Atom

“Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔn a wɔde mogya di dwuma wɔ oprehyɛn ahorow mu no susuw oprehyɛn a wɔmfa mogya nka ho no ho.”—Oduruyɛfo Joachim Boldt, nnuru a wɔde deda wɔn a wɔyɛ wɔn oprehyɛn ho ɔbenfo a ɔwɔ Ludwigshafen, Germany.

ESIANE AIDS yare no nti, nyansahufo ne nnuruyɛfo yɛ ahwɛyiye kɛse wɔ sɛnea wɔyɛ oprehyɛn no ho. Nokwarem no, eyi kyerɛ sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ mogya a wɔde ma no mu nhwehwɛmu yiye. Nanso, animdefo ka sɛ ahwɛyiye a ɛte saa no mpo nkyerɛ sɛ asiane biara remma mogya a wɔde ma no mu. Transfusion nsɛmma nhoma no ka sɛ: “Sɛ nkurɔfo bɔ ka pii sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔbɛma [obi] mogya a wɔde ma nnipa foforo no ayɛ nea asiane biara nnim mpo a, yegye di sɛ ayarefo rennye mogya, efisɛ sɛ yɛbɔ mmɔden sɛ dɛn ara a, yɛrentumi mma mogya a wɔde ma no nyɛ nea asiane biara nnim.”

Ɛnyɛ nwonwa sɛ nnuruyɛfo pii reyɛ ahwɛyiye wɔ mogya a wɔde ma no ho. Oduruyɛfo Alex Zapolanski, a ɔwɔ San Francisco, California no ka sɛ: “Nokwarem no, mogya a wɔde ma no nye, na yɛrebɔ mmɔden denneennen sɛ yɛremfa bi mma obiara.”

Obiara rehu asiane a ɛwɔ mogya a wɔde ma mu no. Nhwehwɛmu bi a wɔyɛe wɔ 1996 mu no daa no adi pefee sɛ Canadafo ɔha mu 89 na wɔpɛ sɛ wɔbɛfa ɔkwan foforo so ahwɛ wɔn sen sɛ wɔde obi mogya bɛma wɔn. Journal of Vascular Surgery ka sɛ: “Ɛnyɛ ayarefo nyinaa na wɔmpɛ sɛ wɔde obi mogya bɛma wɔn te sɛ Yehowa Adansefo. Nanso, nokwasɛm a ɛne sɛ sɛ wɔma obi mogya a, obetumi ayare na ne nipadua no ntumi nko ntia yare ahorow no kyerɛ sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ yɛfa ɔkwan foforo so hwɛ yɛn ayarefo nyinaa.”

Ɔkwan a Ɛfata

Anigyesɛm ne sɛ, ɔkwan foforo bi wɔ hɔ—ayaresa ne oprehyɛn a wɔmfa mogya nka ho. Ɛnyɛ ahokyere na ɛma ayarefo pii paw saa kwan yi na mmom wofi ntease pa mu bu no sɛ ɛno ne ayaresa a ɛfata. Stephen Geoffrey Pollard a ɔyɛ Britania nnuruyɛfo panyin no ka sɛ, wɔn a wɔsan yare anaasɛ wowu bere a wɔayɛ wɔn oprehyɛn a wɔamfa mogya anka ho ne “wɔn a wogye mogya nanso wɔsan yare anaasɛ wowu no dodow yɛ pɛ, na ɛtɔ mmere bi a, wɔn a wɔamma wɔn mogya wɔ oprehyɛn mu no kwati nyarewa ahorow a mogya a wɔde ma ma wonya no akyiri yi no.”

Ɛyɛɛ dɛn na ayaresa a wɔmfa mogya nni dwuma wom fii ase? Ebia ɛho nhia sɛ yebebisa asɛm a ɛte saa, efisɛ ayaresa a wɔmfa mogya nni dwuma wom dii kan ba gyaa nea wɔde mogya ka ho. Nokwarem no, afeha 20 no mfiase mu hɔ na wɔde mogya dii dwuma kɛse paa. Nanso, wɔ nnansa yi mfe mu no, wɔyɛ oprehyɛn pii a wɔmfa mogya nka ho. Sɛ nhwɛso no, Oduruyɛfo Denton Cooley a wonim no yiye no ka wɔn a wodii kan yɛɛ komam oprehyɛn a wɔamfa mogya anni dwuma wɔ 1960 mfe no mu no ho.

Esiane sɛ mogya a wɔde ma maa nnipa pii nyaa mmerɛbo mu yare wɔ 1970 mfe no mu nti, nnuruyɛfo pii fii ase hwehwɛɛ ɔkwan foforo a wɔbɛfa so asa yare a wɔmfa mogya nka ho. Ebeduu 1980 mfe no mu no, na ayaresa akuw pii yɛ oprehyɛn a wɔmfa mogya nka ho. Enti, bere a AIDS yare no bae no, nnuruyɛfo pii kɔhwehwɛɛ mmoa ne akwankyerɛ a ɛwɔ ayaresa a ɛte saa no mu fii wɔn hɔ. Wɔ 1990 mfe no mu no, ayaresabea pii fii dwumadi foforo a ebetumi ama wɔahwɛ wɔn ayarefo a wɔmfa mogya nni dwuma wom no ase.

Ɛnnɛ, nnuruyɛfo atumi ayɛ oprehyɛn ahorow na wɔahwɛ nyarewa ahorow a emu yɛ den a na anka ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wɔde mogya di dwuma wom. Oduruyɛfo D.H.W. Wong ka wɔ Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia mu sɛ, “wobetumi ayɛ koma, ntini, mmea awode, dompe, ne dwensɔtwaa mu, oprehyɛn a ɛyɛ hu a wɔmfa mogya anaa mogya ho biribiara nka ho.”

Mfaso biako a ɛwɔ oprehyɛn a wɔmfa mogya nka ho so ne sɛ ɛma obi ho kokwaw wɔ ayaresa mu. Benjamin J. Reichstein a ɔyɛ nnuruyɛfo a wɔyɛ oprehyɛn wɔ Cleveland, Ohio no panyin ka sɛ: “Oduruyɛfo a ɔyɛ oprehyɛn no ahokokwaw ho hia kɛse na amma ɔyarefo no anhwere mogya pii.” South Africa mmara ho nsɛmma nhoma bi ka sɛ, ɛtɔ da a, oprehyɛn a wɔmfa mogya nka ho no yɛ yɛ “mmerɛw, asɛm biara nni ho na ne bo nso nyɛ den.” Ɛsan ka sɛ: “Nokwarem no, ennye sika ne bere pii na wɔde ahwɛ wɔn ho yare wɔ oprehyɛn no akyi.” Eyi ne ntease horow binom nti na nnansa yi ayaresabea bɛboro 180 a ɛwɔ wiase nyinaa no ayɛ nhyehyɛe a wɔde resua ayaresa ne oprehyɛn a wɔmfa mogya nka ho no.

Yehowa Adansefo ne Mogya

Yehowa Adansefo nnye obi mogya esiane Bible mu ntease a wɔwɔ no nti.a Nanso wɔpɛ—na wɔkɔ so hwehwɛ—ayaresa a wɔmfa mogya nka ho. Oduruyɛfo Richard K. Spence a na ɔyɛ nnuruyɛfo a wɔyɛ oprehyɛn wɔ New York ayaresabea no panyin no kae sɛ: “Yehowa Adansefo hwehwɛ ɔkwampa a wɔbɛfa so anya ayaresa denneennen. Wɔyɛ nkurɔfo a wɔwɔ nimdeɛ sen biara a wɔkɔ ma nnuruyɛfo hwɛ wɔn.”

Nnuruyɛfo atumi afa akwan a ɛfata so ayɛ Yehowa Adansefo oprehyɛn pii a wɔamma wɔn mogya. Susuw nea Oduruyɛfo Denton Cooley, a ɔyɛ koma ne ntini mu oprehyɛn atumi ayɛ no ho. Ɔne ne nnuruyɛfo de mfe bɛboro 27 ayɛ Yehowa Adansefo 663 koma mu oprehyɛn a wɔamma wɔn mogya. Nea afi mu aba no kyerɛ sɛ wobetumi ayɛ koma mu oprehyɛn a wɔmfa mogya nka ho.

Ɛyɛ nokware sɛ, nnipa pii akasa atia Yehowa Adansefo wɔ obi mogya a wonnye no ho. Nanso nsɛmma nhoma bi a Great Britain ne Ireland Nnuruyɛfo a Wɔdeda wɔn a wɔyɛ wɔn oprehyɛn tintim no ka sɛ Adansefo no gyinabea no “kyerɛ sɛ wɔmfa nkwa nni agoru.” Nokwarem no, Adansefo no gyinabea pintinn no na ama wɔatumi anya ɔkwampa a wɔfa so hwɛ obiara yare no. Ɔbenfo Stein A. Evensen a ɔwɔ Norway Ɔman Ayaresabea hɔ no ka sɛ: “Yehowa Adansefo a wɔyɛ wɔn oprehyɛn no aboa kɛse ma Norway ayaresabea ahorow no anya nkɔanim pii.”

Nea ɛbɛyɛ na Yehowa Adansefo atumi aboa nnuruyɛfo ma wɔayɛ oprehyɛn a wɔmfa mogya nka ho no, wɔahyehyɛ ayaresabea ntam boayikuw dwumadi ahorow. Seesei, wɔahyehyɛ Ayaresabea Ntam Nkitahodi Boayikuw 1,400 wɔ wiase nyinaa a wotumi de nnuruyɛ ho nhoma a egyina nsɛm 3,000 a ɛfa ayaresa ne oprehyɛn a wɔmfa mogya nka ho so ma nnuruyɛfo ne nhwehwɛmufo. Ɔbenfo Charles Baron a ɔwɔ Boston Mmara Ho Sukuu mu no ka sɛ: “Esiane Ayaresabea Ntam Nkitahodi Boayikuw ahorow a Adansefo no ahyehyɛ no nti, ɛnnɛ, ɛnyɛ Yehowa Adansefo nkutoo na wɔmma wɔn mogya na mmom obiara a ɔyare nso.”b

Ayaresa ne oprehyɛn a wɔmfa mogya nka ho ho nsɛm a Yehowa Adansefo aboaboa ano no aboa nnuruyɛfo pii. Sɛ nhwɛso no, bere a wɔrekyerɛw nhoma a wɔato din Autotransfusion: Therapeutic Principles and Trends no, akyerɛwfo no maa Yehowa Adansefo kyerɛɛ wɔn nnuru ahorow a wotumi de si mogya ananmu. Adansefo no fi anigye mu de mmoa a na wohia no maa wɔn. Nhoma no akyerɛwfo no fi anisɔ mu kae sɛ: “Yensuaa ɔkwantiaa a wɔfa so sa yare a mogya nka ho a edi mu ho ade saa pɛn.”

Ayaresa mu nkɔso a wɔanya no ama nnipa pii resusuw ayaresa a wɔmfa mogya nka ho ho. Dɛn na ebefi eyi mu aba? Ɔbenfo Luc Montagnier a odii kan huu AIDS yare mmoawa no ka sɛ: “Ntease a yɛrenya wɔ ayaresa a wɔmfa mogya nka ho mu no kyerɛ sɛ bere bi bɛba a wobegyae mogya a wɔde ma no.” Nanso, seesei mpo, mogya a wɔmfa nni dwuma wɔ ayaresa mu no afi ase regye nnipa pii nkwa.

[Ase hɔ nsɛm]

[Adaka/Mfonini wɔ kratafa 7]

Nea Nnuruyɛfo Bi Ka

‘Ɛnyɛ Yehowa Adansefo nkutoo na ɛnsɛ sɛ wɔde mogya di dwuma wɔ wɔn ayaresa mu na mmom ayarefo nyinaa. Misusuw sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ oduruyɛfo biara fa saa kwan yi so.’—Oduruyɛfo Joachim Boldt, nnuru a wɔde deda wɔn a wɔyɛ wɔn oprehyɛn ho ɔbenfo wɔ Ludwigshafen, Germany.

“Ɛwom sɛ asiane nni mogya mu sɛ bere bi a atwam no de, nanso ɔhaw a ebetumi afi mu aba no bi ne nipadua no a entumi nko ntia nyarewa ne berɛbo anaa nna mu nyarewa ahorow a obi betumi anya.”—Oduruyɛfo Terrence J. Sacchi, a ɔyɛ ayaresa ho ɔbenfo abadiakyiri.

“Nnuruyɛfo pii de mogya ma mpofirim a wonsusuw nea ɛbɛba biara ho. Menyɛ saa.”—Oduruyɛfo Alex Zapolanski, a ɔyɛ ɔpanyin wɔ San Francisco Ayaresabea a Ɛhwɛ Komayare.

“Minhu nea enti a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde mogya di dwuma bere a wɔreyɛ yafunu mu oprehyɛn a wotumi yɛ no mpɛn pii no.”—Oduruyɛfo Johannes Scheele, oprehyɛnyɛ ho ɔbenfo, Jena, Germany.

[Mfonini ahorow]

Oduruyɛfo Terrence J. Sacchi

Oduruyɛfo Joachim Boldt

[Adaka/Mfonini wɔ kratafa 8, 9]

Ayaresa ne Oprehyɛn a Wɔmfa Mogya Nka Ho

Akwan a Wɔfa So no Bi

Nsu a Ahoɔdennuru Wom: Wɔde nnuru te sɛ Ringer’s lactate solution, dextran, hydroxyethyl starch si mogya ananmu ma obi na ne mogya so antew. Nsu a ahoɔdennuru wom yi bi a wɔasɔ ahwɛ no tumi de Oxygen kɔ nipadua no mu.

Nnuru: Nipadua no mu ahoɔdennuru a wonya fi awo mu te sɛ proteins tumi ma obi nya mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ (erythropoietin), mogya nkwammoaa ntrantraa (interleukin-11), ne mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa (GM-CSF, G-CSF). Ayaresa ahorow nso ma mogya a anka obi bɛhwere no pii wɔ oprehyɛn mu no so tew koraa (aprotinin, antifibrinolytics) anaasɛ ɛboa ma mogya a etu obi wɔ oprehyɛn mu no so tew (desmopressin).

Nnwinade a wɔde siw mogya kwan: Wɔde ntamasin a nnuru te sɛ collagen ne cellulose wom a ɛma mogya tumi twa kyekyere nipadua no fa a mogya fa no tee. Wɔde asaawa a aduru wom tare baabiara a atwa no de siw mogya kwan.

Afiri a wɔde kora mogya so: Wɔde afiri kora mogya biara a ebetumi afi nipadua no mu bere a wɔreyɛ oprehyɛn no so. Afiri no sɔn mogya no so na ɛfa dorobɛn ketekete bi mu san kɔ nipadua no mu. Wɔ oprehyɛn ahorow a ɛyɛ hu paa mu no, wotumi kora mogya lita pii so san de ma ɔyarefo no.

Nnwinnade a wɔde yɛ oprehyɛn: Nnwinnade ahorow a etwa mogya ntini mu no bi tumi siw mogya ano amonom hɔ ara. Nnwinnade afoforo nso tumi siw baabi a mogya pii tumi fa no kwan. Wotumi de sekamma ne nnwinnade ahorow bi yɛ oprehyɛn a ɛmma wontwitwa honamdua no pii.

Oprehyɛn a wɔyɛ ho akwankyerɛ horow: Sɛnea wɔyɛ oprehyɛn no a wobedi kan asusuw ho, na wɔakohu nnuruyɛfo a wɔn ho akokwaw no betumi aboa na ama wɔakwati nsɛnnennen. Nhyehyɛe a wɔbɛyɛ na ama wɔasiw mogya a ebetumi atu obi ano ntɛm no ho hia. Twɛn a wɔbɛtwɛn ma nnɔnhwerew 24 abɛsen no betumi ama ɔyarefo no awu. Oprehyɛn a ɛyɛ hu a wɔbɛyɛ no nkakrankakra no ho hia na amma obi anhwere mogya pii.

[Adaka/Mfonini wɔ kratafa 10]

Ayaresa a Wɔmfa Mogya Nka Ho Ɔkwan Foforo a “Wɔnam So Hwɛ Afoforo”?

NYAN! akyerɛwfo bisabisaa nnipa baanan a wɔn ho akokwaw wɔ ayaresa a wɔmfa mogya nka ho mu nsɛm.

Sɛ ayarefo a wɔn som nti wɔmpɛ mogya no da nkyɛn a, henanom bio na ebia wɔn ani gye ayaresa a wɔmfa mogya nni dwuma wom no ho?

Oduruyɛfo Spahn: Wɔ yɛn ayaresabea no, ayarefo a wɔkyerɛ sɛ wɔn ani gye ayaresa a wɔmfa mogya nni dwuma wom ho no taa yɛ wɔn a wɔwɔ nimdeɛ kɛse.

Oduruyɛfo Shander: Wɔ 1998 mu no, ayarefo a esiane ntease a wɔn ankasa wɔ nti wɔannye mogya no dɔɔso sen wɔn a wɔn som nti wɔannye no.

Oduruyɛfo Boyd: Yebetumi de wɔn a wɔyare kokoram no ayɛ nhwɛso. Yɛahu sɛ mpɛn pii no, sɛ wɔannye mogya a, wɔn ho tɔ wɔn ntɛmntɛm na yare no ntaa mma bio.

Oduruyɛfo Spahn: Yɛtaa hwɛ abenfo a wɔawie sukuupɔn ne wɔn mmusua yare a yɛmfa mogya nni dwuma wom. Ayaresafo a wɔyɛ oprehyɛn no mpo ka sɛ ɛnsɛ sɛ yɛde mogya di dwuma! Sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔn mu biako de ne yere a na ɛsɛ sɛ yɛyɛ no oprehyɛn brɛɛ yɛn. Ɔkae sɛ: “Monhwɛ yiye paa—sɛ momma no mogya!”

Oduruyɛfo Shander: Nnuruyɛfo a wɔma ayarefo a wɔyɛ wɔn oprehyɛn aduru ma wɔda a me ne wɔn wɔ ha no kae sɛ: ‘Ayarefo a wɔwɔ ha a wɔnnye mogya no nso ho tɔ wɔn ntɛmntɛm sen wɔn a wɔgye mogya no. Dɛn nti na ɛsɛ sɛ yɛfa akwan ahorow abien so hwɛ ayarefo? Sɛ eyi na ɛyɛ ɔkwampa a, ɛsɛ sɛ yɛfa so hwɛ obiara.’ Enti, seesei, ayaresa a wɔmfa mogya nni dwuma wom no na yɛpɛ sɛ yegye tom.

Owura Earnshaw: Ɛyɛ ampa sɛ Yehowa Adansefo titiriw na wɔyɛ wɔn oprehyɛn a wɔmfa mogya nni dwuma wom. Nanso, eyi ne ɔkwan a yɛpɛ sɛ yɛfa so hwɛ obiara.

So ayaresa a wɔmfa mogya nni dwuma wom no bo yɛ den anaasɛ ɛyɛ fo?

Owura Earnshaw: Ne bo nyɛ den.

Oduruyɛfo Shander: Ɛka a wɔbɔ wɔ ayaresa a wɔmfa mogya nni dwuma wom ho no so tumi tew ɔha mu 25.

Oduruyɛfo Boyd: Sɛ ɛkaa ne bo nkutoo de a, ɛnde momma yɛmfa nni dwuma.

Ayaresa a wɔmfa mogya nni dwuma wom no anya nkɔanim akodu he?

Oduruyɛfo Boyd: Misusuw sɛ ɛrenya nkɔanim. Akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ mfaso wɔ so. Bere biara a yɛhwɛ obi a yɛmfa mogya nka ho no, ɛma yehu nea enti a ɛnsɛ sɛ yɛde mogya di dwuma no.

[Mfonini ahorow]

Oduruyɛfo Donat R. Spahn nnuru a wɔde deda wɔn a wɔyɛ wɔn oprehyɛn ho ɔbenfo, Zurich, Switzerland

Oduruyɛfo Aryeh Shander nnuru a wɔde deda wɔn a wɔyɛ wɔn oprehyɛn ho ɔbenfo abadiakyiri, United States

Owura Peter Earnshaw, FRCS, a ɔyɛ nipadua mu dɛmdi ho oprehyɛn, London, England

Oduruyɛfo Mark E. Boyd awo ho ɔbenfo, Canada

[Adaka wɔ kratafa 11]

Nea Ɛsɛ sɛ Ɔyarefo no Yɛ

▪ Wo ne oduruyɛfo a ɔhwɛ wo no mmɔ nnuru a wɔde si mogya ananmu ho nkɔmmɔ ansa na wafi ase ahwɛ wo. Eyi ho hia kɛse wɔ apemfo, awofo a wɔwɔ mma nkumaa, ne nkwakoraa ne mmerewa fam.

▪ Ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ wo gyinaesi no ho kyerɛwtohɔ, ɛnkanka sɛ mowɔ mmara kwan so krataa bi wɔ adeyɛ a ɛte saa ho a.

▪ Sɛ oduruyɛfo a ɔhwɛ wo no mpɛ sɛ ɔbɛhwɛ wo a ɔmma wo mogya a, kɔhwehwɛ oduruyɛfo a ɔbɛpene wo gyinaesi no so.

▪ Esiane sɛ egye bere ansa na nnuru ahorow bi a wɔde si mogya ananmu atumi ayɛ adwuma nti, ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wobɛma wɔahwɛ wo ahu sɛ ɛho hia sɛ wɔyɛ wo oprehyɛn a.