Ɔwofo Biako Mmusua Redɔɔso

“Anadwo biara mede nusu bɔ Onyankopɔn mpae ka kyerɛ no sɛ: ‘Minnim nea mɛyɛ ɔkyena.’”—GLORIA, ƐNA BI A ONNI HOKAFO A ƆWƆ MMA BAASA.

ƆWOFO BIAKO mmusua yɛ biribi a yehu no daa wɔ aman pii mu nnɛ.a Bere a abusua asetra afoforo besi amammerɛ nhyehyɛe a ɛne okunu, ɔyere, ne mma ananmu no, nnipa dodow ho akontaabufo ne nnipa fekubɔ ho animdefo a wɔwɔ wiase mmeae pii no bisa nea enti a aba saa.

Nnipa fekubɔ ho abenfo Simon Duncan ne Rosalind Edwards ka sɛ “nsakrae a ɛba wɔ bere tenten mu rekɔ so wɔ abusua nhyehyɛe ne mmarima ne mmea abusuabɔ mu.” Dɛn ntia? Animdefo bi ka sɛ nea enti a eyi te saa no fi dekode a nkurɔfo paw sɛ wɔde wɔn asetra bɛyɛ, a egyina sikasɛm, amammerɛ, ne asetra mu nsakrae so.

Ma yensusuw nsakrae yi, ne nneɛma a nkurɔfo repaw no bi ho. Asetram nhyɛso ne ade titiriw a ɛreka nkurɔfo asetra. Nea ɛrekɔ so wɔ mmeae foforo no nya wɔn asetra so nkɛntɛnso da biara da. Bere a kan no na wɔde di abusua ho dwuma no seesei wɔde di Intanɛt, TV, telefon, kar, ne nneɛma foforo ho dwuma.

Sikasɛm mu ahokyere nso wɔ ne haw. Asetra pa a obi benya nnɛ no ho ka nna fam, enti awofo pii reyɛ adwuma. Wiase a nnipa tumi tu kɔtra baabiara no ama abusuafo pii atu akɔtra mmeae a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri kɔyɛ nnwuma wɔ hɔ, na ama wonnya mmoa mfi wɔn abusuafo hɔ, na wɔ nsɛm bi mu mpo no wɔne wɔn ahokafo ntam kwan atwe kɛse. Wɔ nsase pii so no, nneɛma bi a wɔkyerɛ ho anigye kɛse no resɛe asɛm no koraa, efisɛ nea saa nneɛma yi hyɛ ho nkuran titiriw ne sɛ nkurɔfo bebu ahyehyɛde ahorow a ɛma nnipa nya ahobammɔ, te sɛ aware ne abusua no animtiaa.b

Ɛna Foforo a Onni Hokafo

Nnɛ ɛna a onni hokafo no nyɛ kan ababaa a ɔnwaree a wawo a aban na ɔhwɛ no no nsusuwso ankasa. Ɛnanom a wonni kununom nhyɛ da nyɛ aniwu bio, na nhwɛsofo a wɔagye din mpo ma afoforo pɛ wɔn asɛm na wɔbɛn wɔn. Bio nso, mmea pii anya nhomasua a ɛkɔ anim na wotumi hwɛ wɔn ho yiye—enti aware nyɛ sikasɛm nnyinaso ma ɛna a obi bɛyɛ no bio.

Ɛnanom a wonni ahokafo binom, titiriw no awofo a wɔagyae aware a wɔn mma anyinyin no, kɔ so di sigya efisɛ wɔmpɛ sɛ wɔn mma behu yaw a ɔwofo a ɔregyaw abusua no hɔ de ba no bi. Mmea binom dan ɛnanom a wonni ahokafo esiane gyaw a wogyaw wɔn, na ɛnyɛ sɛ wɔpɛ no saa nti. Joseph Rowntree Ahyehyɛde a Ɛwɔ Britania no ka sɛ: “Ɔwofo a onni hokafo nyɛ biribi a wofi pɛsɛmenkominya ne boapayɛ mu paw, na mmofra a wɔwɔ ɔwofo biako mmusua mu no nyɛ nnipa a wɔabu ani agu wɔn so anaasɛ wonni ntetee.”

Nanso, sɛnea ɔwofo biako mmusua adɔɔso no yɛ asɛm a ɛho hia efisɛ awofo a wonni ahokafo ne wɔn mma betumi ahyia nkate fam nhyɛso, sika fam ahokyere, ne asetram nsɛnnennen. Ebinom ntumi nhu mpo sɛ ɔwofo biako betumi atete mmofra ma ayɛ yiye anaa. Dɛn ne nsɛnnennen titiriw bi a ɔwofo biako mmusua rehyia? Ɔkwan bɛn so na Kristoni betumi agyina mmofra a ɔwofo biako tete wɔn nsɛnnennen no ano?

[Ase hɔ nsɛm]

[Adaka wɔ kratafa 4]

Nkyerɛase Ahorow Bi

Wɔde nsɛm pii di dwuma wɔ wiase nyinaa de ka ɛnanom a wɔn nkutoo tete mmofra no ho asɛm. Wɔ aman bi mu no, wɔde “ɛna a onni hokafo” di dwuma de kyerɛ ɛnanom a wɔnwaree da, nanso wɔ nsase foforo so no “ɛna a ɔyɛ ankonam” yɛ asɛm a wɔde di dwuma ma ɛnanom a wɔretete mmofra a wonni kununom wɔ wɔn afie no nyinaa. Ebia na ɛnanom a wɔte saa no agyae aware, wɔatetew mu, anaasɛ wɔyɛ akunafo, anaasɛ wɔnwaree da.

Wɔ nsɛm a ɛtoatoa so yi mu no, yɛde nsɛm “ɔwofo biako” ne “ɛna a onni hokafo” di dwuma de kyerɛ awofo a wɔretete mma a wonni ahokafo no.

[Adaka/Asase mfonini wɔ kratafa 4, 5]

ƆWOFO BIAKO MMUSUA—ADE A ABU SO WƆ AMAN PII MU

United States: “Ɛnanom a wonni ahokafo dodow nyaa nkɔanim wɔ 1970 ne 2000 ntam, fi ɔpepem 3 kosi ɔpepem 10; wɔ saa bere koro no ara mu no, agyanom a wonni ahokafo nso dodow kɔɔ anim fi 393,000 kosi ɔpepem 2.”—U.S. Nnipakan Asoɛe.

Mexico: Sɛnea La Jornada atesɛm krataa no kyerɛ no, mmea a wonyinsɛn wɔ ɔman no mu ɔha mu 27 na wɔadu mpanyin afe so.

Ireland: Ɔwofo biako mmusua nyaa nkɔanim fi ɔha mu 5.7 wɔ 1981 mu kosii 7.9 wɔ 1991 mu. “Awaregyae ne ade titiriw a ɛma mmea pii bɛyɛ ɛnanom a wonni ahokafo.”—Single Mothers in an International Context, 1997.

Britain: “Mmusua dodow a ɔwofo biako pɛ di anim no aboro ɔha mu 25 bere a edi kan, na ɛkyerɛ sɛnea ɛnanom a wɔnwaree da ne wɔn a wɔagyae aware no dodow anya nkɔanim kɛse wɔ mfe 30 a atwam no mu.”—The Times, London, March 2, 2000.

France: “Efi 1970 mfe no awiei no, ɔwofo biako mmusua anya nkɔanim boro ɔha mu 50.”—Single Mothers in an International Context, 1997.

Germany: “Awofo a wonni ahokafo dodow abu abɔ ho wɔ mfe aduonu a atwam no mu. Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ ɛnanom na wodi anim wɔ ɔwofo biako mmusua . . . nyinaa mu.”—Single Mothers in an International Context, 1997.

Greece: “Efi 1980 no, ɛnanom a wonni kununom wɔ [Greece] no dodow anya nkɔanim ɔha mu 29.8. Na sɛnea akontaabu bi a Europa Aman Nkabom Kuw de too gua kyerɛ no, wɔ 1997 mu no, na mmofra a wɔwoo wɔn sɛ mpena mma no yɛ ɔha mu 3.3, nanso wɔ 1980 mu no, na ɛyɛ ɔha mu 1.1 pɛ.”—Ta Nea atesɛm krataa, Athens, September 4, 1998.

Japan: ‘Ɛnanom a wonni kununom mmusua anya nkɔanim fi 1970 mfe no mu.’ Wɔ 1997 mu no, na afie ɔha mu 17 na ɛnanom a wonni ahokafo di anim wom.—Single Mothers in an International Context, 1997; The World’s Women 2000: Trends and Statistics.

Australia: Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ mmofra 4 biara mu 1 na ɔne n’awofo ankasa biako pɛ te. Mpɛn pii no, nea ɛma ɛba saa ne awofo no aware anaa abusuabɔ a asɛe no. Akontaabu kyerɛ sɛ ɔwofo biako mmusua benya nkɔanim ɔha mu 30 kosi 66 wɔ mfirihyia 25 mu.—Australia Man Akontaabu Asoɛe.