Onyankopɔn Ahyɛ Yɛn Nkrabea Ato hɔ Dedaw?

“SƐ YƐAMFA asɛmfua nkrabea a wɔntaa nte ase no anni dwuma koraa a, anka yɛbɛkwati ɔhaw pii a yɛde yɛn adwene na ebu ara kwa no.” Sɛ wode asɛmfua “nkrabea” adi dwuma anaa woate sɛ wɔde di dwuma a, ebia wunhu nea yɛkyerɛ no.

Sɛnea France Katolekfo nhoma Théo a wɔyɛe nnansa yi kyerɛ no, ɛyɛ papa sɛ yɛremfa asɛmfua “nkrabea” nni dwuma. Nhoma foforo ka sɛ: “Ɛnnɛ, nkrabea nyɛ ade titiriw a wogye ho akyinnye bio wɔ nyamekyerɛ mu, na ɛte sɛ nea Protestantfo dodow no ara mpo nyɛ saa.”

Nanso, nkrabea ho asɛm no ahaw nnipa pii wɔ abakɔsɛm nyinaa mu. Ɛho akyinnyegye titiriw nti na Ɔsesɛw no bae, na ɛyɛ asɛm a wɔde mfehaha pii gyee ho akyinnye denneennen mpo wɔ Katolek Asɔre no mu. Ɛwom sɛ wonnye ho akyinnye pii nnɛ de, nanso ɛda so ara yɛ ɔhaw. Hena na ɔmpɛ sɛ obehu sɛ wɔadi kan ahyɛ ne nkrabea ato hɔ?

Nkrabea—Asɛmfua no Nkyerɛase

Asɛmfua “nkrabea” no kyerɛ dɛn wɔ asɔre ahorow no mu? Dictionnaire de théologie catholique ka sɛ ɛyɛ “Onyankopɔn atirimpɔw sɛ ɔbɛma nnipa bi a wɔakyerɛw wɔn din ato hɔ anya daa nkwa.” Wɔtaa susuw sɛ wɔn a wɔapaw wɔn, “wɔakyerɛw wɔn din ato hɔ,” no ne wɔn a ɔsomafo Paulo ka wɔn ho asɛm wɔ ne krataa a ɔde kɔmaa Romafo no mu wɔ nsɛm a edi so yi mu no: “Onyankopɔn di boa wɔn a wɔdɔ no, a ɔnam n’atirimpɔw so afrɛ wɔn no. Efisɛ ɔhyɛ too hɔ nso sɛ wɔn a ohuu wɔn siei no nsɛ ne Ba no suban . . . Na wɔn a oyii wɔn too hɔ no wafrɛ wɔn nso; na wɔn a ɔfrɛɛ wɔn no wabu wɔn bem nso; na wɔn a obuu wɔn bem no wahyɛ wɔn anuonyam nso.”—Romafo 8:28-30, Revised Standard Version.

Wɔkyerɛ sɛ Onyankopɔn paw nnipa bi a atirimpɔw no ne sɛ ɔbɛma wɔanya Kristo anuonyam no bi wɔ ɔsoro ansa mpo na wɔrewo wɔn. Eyi ma asemmisa a wɔagye ho akyinnye bere tenten no sɔre: So Onyankopɔn gyina nea ɔpɛ nkutoo so na ɔpaw wɔn a ɔpɛ sɛ ogye wɔn no, anaasɛ nnipa wɔ hokwan sɛ wɔpaw nea wɔpɛ ne biribi a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ na ama wɔakɔ so anya Onyankopɔn anim dom?

Augustine, Nkrabea Farebae

Ɛwom sɛ na Asɔre Agyanom foforo akyerɛw nkrabea ho asɛm dedaw de, nanso nnipa dodow no ara bu Augustine (354-430 Y.B.) sɛ ɔno na ɔtoo nkyerɛkyerɛ no nhyɛase maa Katolek ne Protestant asɔre ahorow no. Sɛnea Augustine kyerɛ no, Onyankopɔn fi mmeresanten ahyɛ ato hɔ sɛ atreneefo benya daa nhyira horow. Nanso, ɛwom sɛ Onyankopɔn nhyɛɛ da ankasa nhyɛɛ wɔn a wɔnteɛ nkrabea ntoo hɔ de, nanso wobenya wɔn bɔne ahorow ho asotwe a ɛfata, wɔbɛsɛe wɔn. Augustine nkyerɛkyerɛmu no kyerɛe sɛ nnipa nni hokwan sɛ wɔpaw nea wɔpɛ, ma enti ɛde akyinnyesɛm pii bae.

Augustine Ananmusifo

Nkrabea ne hokwan a nnipa wɔ sɛ wɔpaw nea wɔpɛ ho akyinnyegye sɔree daa wɔ Mfinimfini Mmere no mu, na eduu baabi a na ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ ho biribi wɔ Ɔsesɛw no mu. Luther buu ankorankoro nkrabea sɛ hokwan a Onyankopɔn wɔ sɛ ɔpaw nea ɔpɛ, bere a Onnii kan nhuu wɔn a wapaw wɔn no suban pa anaa nnwuma pa a wɔbɛyɛ daakye no. Calvin nam ne nkrabea ahorow abien ho adwene no so sii gyinae soronko bi: Wɔahyɛ ato hɔ sɛ ebinom benya daa nkwa, na afoforo anya daa ɔsɛe. Nanso, Calvin nso buu nea Onyankopɔn paw no sɛ egyina ne nkutoo apɛde so, na ntease mpo nnim.

Nkrabea asɛm no ne asɛm “ɔdom” a ɛne no di nsɛ kɛse—asɛmfua a asɔre ahorow no de kyerɛɛ adeyɛ a Onyankopɔn de gye nnipa nkwa na obu wɔn atreneefo—no danee asɛnkɛse araa ma Katolekfo Pope no barae wɔ 1611 mu sɛ wɔnnkyerɛw ho asɛm biara bio bere a ɔmmaa ho kwan. Jansen a ɔtraa ase wɔ mfeha a ɛto so 17 ne 18 mu no akyidifo a na wɔwɔ France gyinaa Augustine nkyerɛkyerɛ no akyi denneennen wɔ Katolek Asɔre no mu. Wɔkamfoo Kristosom denneennen bi a emufo yɛ nnipa atitiriw kyerɛe, na wonyaa akyidifo a wɔyɛ abirɛmpɔn mpo. Nanso, asɛm no ho akyinnyegye ammrɛ ase. Ɔhene Louis XIV hyɛe sɛ wɔnsɛe Port-Royal nkokorafi no, baabi a Jansen akyidifo nsusuwii fi.

Nanso asɛm no antwa wɔ Protestant Reformed asɔre ahorow no mu. Remonstrantfo a wodii Jacobus Arminius akyi ne afoforo gye dii sɛ onipa wɔ biribi yɛ wɔ n’ankasa nkwagye mu. Protestantfo Asɔfo Nhyiam a wɔyɛe wɔ Dordrecht (1618-19) siesiee asɛm no ma etwae bere tiaa bi bere a wogyee Calvin gyidi denneennen bi toom no. Sɛnea nhoma L’Aventure de la Réforme—Le monde de Jean Calvin kyerɛ no, wɔ Germany no, nkrabea ne hokwan a nnipa wɔ sɛ wɔpaw nea wɔpɛ ho ntɔkwaw yi ma wɔde bere tenten “bɔɔ mmɔden sɛ wobesiesie wɔn ntam, na wɔagyae ayayade a wɔyɛ nyamekyerɛfo, afiase a wɔde wɔn gu ne asu a na wotwa wɔn no a ankosi hwee.”

Nkrabea Anaasɛ Hokwan a Nnipa Wɔ sɛ Wɔpaw Nea Wɔpɛ?

Efi mfiase no, nsusuwii abien yi a ɛbɔ abira koraa, nkrabea ne hokwan a nnipa wɔ sɛ wɔpaw nea wɔpɛ, no de ntawntawdi a emu yɛ den pii bae. Augustine antumi ankyerɛkyerɛ abirabɔ yi mu. Calvin nso buu no sɛ Onyankopɔn apɛde a ɛkorɔn a ɔda no adi ma enti wontumi nkyerɛkyerɛ mu.

Nanso Onyankopɔn su horow ne ne nipasu a Bible da no adi no boa yɛn ma yɛte nsemmisa yi ase pefee? Asɛm a edi hɔ no bɛhwehwɛ nsɛntitiriw yi mu akɔ akyiri.

[Kratafa 4 mfonini ahorow]

Calvin

Luther

Jansen

[Asɛm Fibea]

Mfonini ahorow no: Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris