Alopwana Araru a Eseekulu 16 Yaaphavelasa Ekeekhai​—Yaaphwannye Exeeni?

PONSIO PILATO, guvernatoro oRoma aalamulela oYudeya eseekulu yoopacerya, aahimukoha Yesu okathi amphukela awe wira: “Ekekhai exeni?” (Yohani 18:38) Pilato khahiyo aaphavela osuwela ekeekhai. Waaniheryasa, nikoho nawe nooniherya ohikupali wawe wala onyoholela. Mwa moonelo wa Pilato, ekeekhai tiile mutthu aathanla awe wala aixuttihiwa awe okupali; khiyaakhanle enamuna yaakhaliherya osuwela ekeekhai. Anamunceene olelo-va anuupuwela-tho siiso.

Atthu yeetta oKerexa eseekulu 16 wEuropa yaanixankiheya ni moota wookupali ekeekhai. Okhala yannunwe akupaliki okhulupale wa paapa ni sowiixuttiha sa ekerexa, awo yaahikumana ni miyuupuwelo sa niinano saakumiheriwa ni iReforma, seiyo saalaleiwa wEuropa okathi ole. Exeeni yaatthuneya aya okupali? Yaarowa othanla sai ele yaari ekeekhai?

Okathi owo, eriyari ya anamunceene yaahikhala alopwana araru yaamananinhe ophavelasa ekeekhai.a Awo yaarowa osuwela sai sowiixuttiha sekeekhai ni seethiru? Nto exeeni awo yaaphwannye aya? Nkahaya noone.

“MMUHIYE BIIBILIYA . . . WIRA OLAVULEKE OKATHI WOTHEENE”

Wolfgang Capito, aari mmiravo aalipiherya vanci myaha sa etiini. Mwaha wa osoma medicina, malamulo ni iteologia, Capito aahikhala paadri a muttetthe awe eyaakha ya 1512, nto muhoolo mwaya aahikhala Arcebispo a epooma ya Mainz.

Waanipacerya, Capito aaphavela ovukula oluttuweliwa wa maReformadore yaalaleya ihapari soovirikana ni sowiixuttiha sa eKerexa Katoolika. Masi moohipisa, Capito aahipacerya okhaliherya ireforma. Exeeni yaamwiirinhe opaka eyo? Nuumala woona sowiixuttiha soovirikana, Capito aahikupali masu a mulipa oolepa sowiiraneya iitthaniwa James M. Kittelson, yaawo ani: “Etthu enikhaliherya ophukela olaleerya waya ori Biibiliya, maana owo tori paahi ekeekhai”. Capito aahoona wira sowiixuttiha sa ekerexa soowi: ephau ni eviinyu enithatuwa erutthu ya Yesu, ni waakokhorela masanto, khelempwale mBiibiliyani. (Nwehe ekaaxa eni: “Wira Esuwele Itthu Iya Sari S’ekekhai”.) Capito aahihiya muteko wa Arcebispo eyaakha 1523, ni khuthaamela epooma ya wEstrasburgo, weiwo sahooleliwa aya iReforma okathi ole.

Enupa awe wEstrasburgo yaari opuro atthu yaakumana aya wira avaanyihane myaha sa etiini; moohaaniherya awo yaanilavula myaha sinci ni sowiixuttiha sa Biibiliya. Nnaamwi maReformadore akina yaavikaniha okumiherya yowiixuttiha ya amuluku Araru, iliivuru Capito aalepa awe saanivarihana ni eliivuru The Radical Reformation yeeyo yooniherya wira “yowiixuttiha ya amuluku Araru khahiyo yaari yekeekhai”. Mwaha aya? Capito aahitikinihiwa ni moota teologo a wEspanya Miguel Servet aaromoola awe soolepa sa Biibiliya wira ovaanyihe yowiixuttiha ya amuluku Araru.b

Ovaanyiha yowiixuttiha ya amuluku Araru waahikhala ookumiherya maxakha, tivonto Capito aahaana okhalana ephoole. Masi, iliivuru sawe saanooniherya wira yena khaakupali yowiixuttiha ya amuluku Araru hata ohinatthi omusuwela Servet. Muhoolo mwaya, paadri a ekerexa Katoolika aahilepa wira Capito ni apatthani awe “yaahivaanela mwa wiiphiini sowiixuttiha sootepa otikiniha sa ekerexa; [ni] yaahikhootta yowiixuttiha Yowaarya ya amuluku Araru”. Nuuvira eseekulu emosa, Capito aahivuwihiwa ekwaha yoopacerya eriyari ya atthu yaahakupali yowiixuttiha ya amuluku Araru.

Capito aanikupali wira ekeekhai eri mBiibiliyani. Owo aahimmye so: “Mmuhiye Biibiliya ni nlamulo na Kristu nilavuleke okathi wotheene ohoolo wa okerexa”. Moovarihana ni Dr. Kittelson, Capito “aahihimya wira etthu yaawiirinhe asomi a eKerexa ohikhumela saana waari mwaha woohimucalela Biibiliya”.

Nto ophavelasa ekeekhai ya Nuulumo na Muluku waahimwiiriha mmiravo mmosa Martin Cellarius (nave-tho aasuweliwa ni nsina na MartinBorrhaus) okhala owannya awe Capito mwaakha wa 1526.

“OMUSUWELA MULUKU EEKEEKHAI”

Cellarius aayariwe eyaakha ya 1499; owo aari musomi ooluttuweliwa a teologia, ni efilosofia. Owo aaheemererya okhala mwiixuttihi oWittenberg, wAlemanha. Okhala wira epooma ya oWittenberg waari opuro saapacenrye aya iReforma, moohipisa Cellarius aahipacerya wataana ni Martinho Lutero, ni atthu akina yaawo yaaphavela oturuka sowiixuttiha sa oKerexa. Nto Cellarius aarowa ohiyaniha sai miyuupuwelo sa apinaatamu ni ekeekhai ya mBiibiliyani?

Moovarihana ni eliivuru Teaching the Reformation, Cellarius aakupali wira wiiwexexa weekeekhai waakhumela “orweeela mwa osoma ni otokosa saana Soolempwa, onvekela Muluku, ni ottharuwa”. Vaavo aamutokosa awe Biibiliya, exeeni aaphwannye awe?

Mweeri wa Junyo 1527, Cellarius aahilaleya muliivuruni mwawe On the Works of God etthu aaphwannya awe. Owo aahilepa wira soolema sa okerexa, ntoko mwiixuttiho woowi ephau ni eviinyu yaari erutthu ni ephome ya Yesu, yaari etthu ya nthoonyeryo. Olavulaka sa eliivuru ya Cellarius, Prusoore mmosa a Universidade oniitthaniwa Robin Barnes ohimmye wira eliivuru eyo “yootthokiherya wiiraneya wa iprofesia sa Biibiliya seiyo saarowa okhumelela ni mixankiho sotheene ni ohaawa waarowa woonaneya olumwenku wotheene”.​—2 Pedru 3:10-13.

Etthu ya vameekhaaya tiile Cellarius aahimyale awe sa makhalelo a Yesu Kristu. Ekeekhai wira Cellarius khaavaanyiha moowooneya yowiixuttiha ya amuluku Araru, masi owo aanimuhiyaniha “Tiithi a Wiirimu” ni “Mwanawe, Yesu Kristu”. Owo aahilepa wira Yesu aari mmosa a amuluku anceene ni anamwane a Muluku oowerya sotheene.​—Yohani 10:34, 35.

Mulopwana mmosa iitthaniwa Robert Wallace mwa eliivuru awe Antitrinitarian Biography (1850), aahoona wira iliivuru sa Cellarius khisaatthara yowiixuttiha ya amuluku Araru a ekerexa ortodoxa suulaanale eseekulu 16.c Tthiri, asomi anci annihimya wira Cellarius aahikhoottela yowiixuttiha ya amuluku Araru. Owo aahihimya okhala ekaruma ya Muluku “wira aixuttihe voohimya sa Muluku ekeekhai ni Kristu”.

YOOLIPELELA YA OTTHIKIHERIWA WA ITTHU

Mwaakha wa 1527, epooma ya oWittenberg, aahikhala musomi mmosa a teologia aitthaniwa Johannes Campanus, yoowo aahimmwa okhala musomi muulupale a okathi ole. Nnaamwi iReforma saapacenrye muttetthe ole, Campanus aahipacerya ohisiveliwa ni sowiixuttiha sa Martinho Lutero. Mwaha wa xeeni?

Campanus khaakupali sowiixuttiha soowi ephau ni eviinyu ennithatuwa erutthu ni ephome ya Yesu, wala ti Yesu ene.d Moovarihana ni mulipa oolepa myaha André Séguenny, Campanus aanikupali wira “Ephau ntoko etthu enooneya nlelo ennivikaniha okhala ephau, masi okathi wa Missa, eyo enitaphulela erutthu ya Kristu ya nthoonyeryo”. Mwaakha wa 1529, mulopwana mmosa aitthaniwa Marburg Colloquy, aahipaka muthukumano wira athokoreriwe makoho manceene, nto Campanus kheemereriwe ohimya ele aixuntte awe mBiibiliyani. Nuumala-vo owo aahikhoottiwa ni apatthani awe aapakanawe iReforma oWittenberg.

MaReformadore yaahinviruwela Campanus mwaha wa sookupali sawe voohimya sa Tiithi, Mwaana ni munepa wootteela. Mwa eliivuru awe Restitution, eyaakha ya 1532, Campanus ahooniherya wira Yesu ni Tiithi awe khahiyo atthu amosaru. Owo aatthokihenrye so: “Tiithi ni Mwaana ‘ari mmosáru’, siisaale mulopwana ni mwaarawe anihimmwa aya okhala “mutthu mmosá pahi” mwaha wa wiiwanana arina aya nnaamwi aryeene atthu anli. (Yohani 10:30; Matheyo 19:5) Nto Campanus aahoona wira Biibiliya onnirumeela malikanyiho mamosaru wira ooniherye wira Tiithi okhalana okhulupale ovikana wa Mwaana. Biibiliya onihimya so: “Mulopwana ti murú wa mwar’awe, vano Muluku ti murú wa Kristu.”​—1 aKorinto 11:3.

Nto, nihimye exeeni sa munepa wootteela? Campanus aahivikaniha olavula sa Biibiliya, iiraka: “MBiibiliyani khiivo yoolepa enihimya wira munepa wootteela mutthu a neeraru . . . Munepa wa Muluku eri ekaruma enivarana awe muteko, nto Muluku onnipaka itthu sotheene orumeelaka ikuru sa munepa owo”.​—Maphattuwelo 1:2.

Lutero aahihimya wira Campanus aahinveeha Muluku ni aari nwanani a Mwaana a Muluku. Nave Reformadore mukina aahimuhimya Campanus okhala mutakhali. Hata vari siiso Campanus aahivikaniha orowa vahoolo. Moovarihana ni eliivuru The Radical Reformation, “Campanus aanikupali wira etthu yiirinhe ekerexa omora waari mwaha woohiya wiiwexexa saana iliivuru sa arummwa voohimya sa okhulupale wa Muluku ni okhulupale wa mwaana”.

Khahiyo yaari yoolakela ya Campanus wira opake egrupu ya etiini. Owo aahimyale wira aahiphavelasa ekeekhai vamahala, “eriyari ya igrupu sa atthu ni anamavaanya”. Nto owo aalipelela wira Ekerexa Katoolika yaamuttikiherya vasya sowiixuttiha sa ekeekhai sa eKristau. Masi, ahooleli a ekerexa Katoolika yaahimutthukwela mukhatteya Campanus, ni waaniheryasa owo aahiviriha iyaakha 20 oryeene mmo. Alipa oolepa sowiiraneya anikupali wira yena okhwiiye iyaakha sa 1575.

“NWEHEKE SOTHEENE”

Omusoma saana Biibiliya waahimukhaliherya Capito, Cellarius, Campanus, ni akina ohiyaniha sowiixuttiha sekeekhai ni seethiru. Hata vari siiso, itthu sotheene nisomme ahu sa alopwana awo yaaphavelasa ekeekhai khahiyo wira saanivarihana ni Biibiliya. Masi, alopwana awo yaahitokosa mowiiyeviha Soolempwa ni yaahisuka ikeekhai iyo yiixuttale aya.

Murummwa Paulo aahatumererya maKristau akhwaawe iiraka: “Nweheke sothene, muthanleke sorera”. (1 aTesalonika 5:21) Wira yookhaliheryeni otokosa ekeekhai, Anamoona a Yehova aalaleya eliivuru yootthuneya yeeyo eni: Biibiliya Oniixuttiha Exeeni Tthiri? Wira mwaakhele moohiliva etthu, xontte muwehe epaaxina 16 ya erevista ela, wala munwehe Web saite ahu, http://www.jw.org/vmw.

[Inoota]

SOWIIXUTTIHA SA EKEREXA

ELE BIIBILIYA ONIIXUTTIHA AWE

Masanto ahaana okokhoreliwa ntoko atthu annilavulela ohoolo wa Muluku.

“Muluku ori mmosá pahi, n’ule onalavulela atthu wa Muluku, ori-tho mmosá: ti Yesu Kristu, mutthu ene yowo”.​—1 Timótheyo 2:5.

Anamwane ahaana obatiziwa.

“Alopwana n’athiyana yahamini, khubatiziwa“.​—Miteko 8:12.

Yesu ni Tiithi awe aniirela mpantta amuluku araru.

“Miyo [Yesu] kinorowa . . . w’Atithi: mana Atithi t’alupale okivikana miyo”. (Yohani 14:28) “Yesu . . . khakhanyerenrye ovarexexa makhalelo awe òMuluku”.​—aFilipi 2:5, 6.

Okathi wa Missa, ephau ni eviinyu enikaiwa enikhala erutthu ni ephome ya Yesu.

“Yesu ahikuxa ephau, ahimuxukhuru Muluku, ahikawanya ephau iyo, khwavaha awixutti awe, ìraka: ‘Kuxakani, mukhureke: ela [enitaphulela] erutthu aka’. Siso-tho, ahikuxa ekálisi y’evinyu, ahimuxukhuru Muluku, khwavaha awixutti awe ìraka: ‘Nwuryeke othene anyu. Ela [enitaphulela] ephome aka: ephome yo watàna’”.​—Matheyo 26:26-28.