Ko Te Kele ʼe Tonu Koa Ke Fakaʼauha?

KUA ōvi mai te fakaʼosi ʼo te 20 sēkulō, pea ʼe ʼamanaki kamata te 21 sēkulō. ʼI te ʼaluʼaga ʼaia, ko te hahaʼi tokolahi ʼaē ʼi te agamāhani ʼe mole nātou faʼa tokagaʼi peʼe mole nātou fia tokagaʼi te ʼu fakakikite ʼo te ʼu meʼa ʼaē ka hoko, ʼe nātou feʼekeʼaki peʼe hoko anai koa he ʼu meʼa lahi ʼo maveuveu ai te malamanei.

Neʼe lagi koutou fakatokagaʼi he ʼu sulunale peʼe ko he ʼu alatike ʼe talanoa ai ki te ʼu meʼa ʼaia​—māʼia mo te ʼu tohi katoa ʼe talanoa kiai. Kapau ʼe tou fia ʼiloʼi pe koteā te ʼu meʼa ʼaē ka hoko ʼi te kamata ʼo te 21 sēkulō, pea ʼe tonu ke tou atalitali ke tou sio kiai. ʼE ʼui e ʼihi ʼe mole maʼuhiga te temi ʼaē ka tou hiki ai ki te taʼu 2000 (peʼe ko te minuta ʼaē ka tou hiki ai mai te taʼu 2000 ki te taʼu 2001) pea ʼi tanatou ia manatu ʼe mole hoko anai he meʼa maʼuhiga. Ko te meʼa ʼaē ʼe tuʼaniaʼi tāfito e te hahaʼi, ʼe ko te fakaʼosi ʼo totatou kele ʼi te ʼu taʼu ka haʼu.

Koʼeni te meʼa ʼaē ʼe tautau fakakikite ʼi totatou temi: peʼe ko te temi nei peʼe ʼi te ka haʼu​—kae ʼe maumauʼi anai te Kele katoa. Tou vakaʼi muʼa he ʼu fakakikite fakamataku neʼe fai.

ʼI tana tohi The End of the World​—The Science and Ethics of Human Extinction, ʼaē neʼe ʼuluaki tā ʼi te taʼu 1996, ʼe fakahā mai e te tagata faitohi pea mo fai filosofia ko John Leslie, te ʼu faʼahi e tolu ʼe hā ai peʼe fakaʼosi feafeaʼi anai te maʼuli ʼo te tagata ʼi te kele. ʼUluaki ʼe ina fehuʼi fēnei: “ ʼE feala koa ke molehi te maʼuli ʼo te malamanei ʼi he tau faka nukeleʼea?” Pea ina toe ʼui fēnei: “ ʼE feala ke toe hoko mo te meʼa ʼaenī . . . ko te fakaʼauha ʼo te tagata e te ʼu mahaki: te ʼu kosea, te mole kei tauʼi e tatatou sino te ʼu mikolope ʼo tupu ai te mafola ʼo te ʼu mahaki, peʼe ko te māʼimoa ʼo te ʼu tamaliki ʼaē ʼe fānauʼi. ʼE toe feala foki ke puli mo te ʼu kiʼi meʼa maʼuli veliveli ʼo te kele, ʼaē ʼe maʼuhiga ki te maʼuli lelei ʼo te ʼu fuʼu ʼakau kehekehe.” Ko te tolu manatu ʼa te tagata ko Leslie, ʼe ina ʼui ʼe haʼu anai he foʼi maka fualahi ʼi te ʼatulaulau pe ko he foʼi fetuʼu ʼo feʼīʼaki mo te kele: “ ʼO ʼuhiga mo te ʼu foʼi maka fualahi pea mo te ʼu foʼi fetuʼu ʼaē ko tanatou takafoli ʼi te ʼatulaulau ʼe feala ʼi he ʼaho ke feʼīʼaki mo te Kele, ko te ʼu meʼa feiā ʼe lagi lua afe, ko tanatou laulahi ʼe ko te kilometa e tahi peʼe hogofulu. ʼE toe ʼi ai foki mo te tahi ʼu fetuʼu ʼe mole faʼa kaugamālie, kae ʼe nātou lalahi age, pea ʼe toe kaugamālie age mo te ʼu kiʼi fetuʼu veliveli.”

Ko He Fakamatala ʼo Te “ ʼAho ʼo Te Fakaʼauha”

Tou toe fakatokagaʼi te tahi tagata poto, ko Paul Davies, ko te polofesea ʼi te univelesitē ʼo Adelaide, ʼi Ositalalia. Neʼe ʼui fēnei e te Washington Times ʼo ʼuhiga mo ia “ ʼe ko te tagata faitohi ʼaē ʼe lelei tokotahi ʼi te faʼahi ʼo te poto fakatagata ʼi te malamanei katoa.” ʼI te taʼu 1994 neʼe ina fai te tohi The Last Three Minutes, ʼaē neʼe fakahigoaʼi ko “te faʼifaʼitaki lelei ʼaia ʼo te ʼu tohi fuli ʼaē ʼe talanoa ki te ʼaho ʼo te fakaʼauha.” Ko te kupu tāfito ʼo te ʼuluaki kapite ʼo te tohi ʼaia ʼe ko “Te ʼAho ʼo Te Fakaʼauha,” pea ʼe ina fakamatala ai te ʼu meʼa ʼaē kia ia, ʼe feala ke hoko mo kapau ʼe feʼīʼaki he foʼi maka fua lahi mo te kele. ʼE tou lau fēnei ʼi tana fakamatala fakamataku ʼaia:

“ ʼE galulu mālohi te kele ohage ko te mālohi ʼo he ʼu mafuike ʼe lauʼi hogofulu afe. ʼE mafola ʼi te kele katoa te galulu mālohi ʼo te paʼulu ʼaia ʼo ina holoʼi te ʼu fale fuli, pea mo ina maumauʼi ia meʼa fuli. ʼI te potu ʼaē neʼe tō kiai te foʼi maka, ʼe malaga ake ai te kele ʼo tona ʼu tafaʼaki ohage ko he ʼu moʼuga afi ʼe māʼoluga ʼaupito ʼo hā mai ki tuʼa te loto kele, pea ʼe 150 kilometa te laulahi ʼo te luo. . . . Ko te tuʼuga ʼotaʼota ʼe mafola ʼi te ʼaele, ʼo ū ai te laʼā ʼi te malamanei katoa. ʼI te temi ʼaia, ʼe mole toe mū anai te laʼā, kae ʼe fetogi ʼaki te mālama fakamataku pea mo kemokemo ʼo te ʼu lauʼi miliona fetuʼu, ʼo nātou mahunu te kele, pea toe tō te ʼu ʼotaʼota ʼaia ki te kele ʼaē neʼe mafola ʼi te hoko ʼo te paʼulu.”

ʼE toe hoko atu e te Polofesea ko Davies tana fakapipiki ʼo te ʼu meʼa ʼaia ka hoko, mo te fakakikite ʼaē ʼe feʼīʼaki anai te kele mo te foʼi maka fualahi ʼaē ʼe higoa ko Swift-Tuttle. ʼE ina toe fai te fakatokaga ʼaenī, tatau aipe peʼe mole hoko te meʼa ʼaia ʼi te temi pe ʼaenī ka haʼu, kae ʼi tana manatu “peʼe vave mai peʼe tuai mai, kae ko te foʼi maka ko Swift-Tuttle, peʼe ko he tahi foʼi maka, ʼe haʼu anai ʼo feʼīʼaki mo te Kele.” ʼE fakatafito tana manatu ʼaia ki te ʼu sivi ʼaē ʼe ʼui ai ko te ʼu foʼi maka e 10 000 e meta 500 peʼe laka age tonatou laulahi, ʼe nātou takafoli ʼi te ʼatulaulau kae mole nātou mamaʼo mo te kele.

ʼE koutou tui koa ʼe hoko anai te meʼa fakamataku ʼaia? ʼE ko he meʼa fakapunamaʼuli, he ko te tokolahi ʼe nātou tui kiai. Kae ʼe nātou fakafimālieʼi tonatou loto, ʼo nātou ʼui ʼe mole hoko anai te meʼa ʼaia ʼi tonatou temi maʼuli. Kae he koʼe koa ʼe tonu anai ke fakaʼauha te kele ʼi te temi ʼaenī peʼe ʼi te ʼu lauʼi miliona taʼu ka haʼu? ʼE mahino papau ia, ʼe mole ko te kele ʼaē ʼe tupu tāfito ai te ʼu fihifihia ʼa te hahaʼi pea mo te ʼu manu. Kae ʼe mole koa la ko te tagata ʼaē ʼe tupu ai te ʼu fihifihia lahi ʼo te 20 sēkulō ʼaenī, ʼo kau kiai mo te fealagia ʼaē ke ina “maumauʼi te kele” katoa?​—Fakahā 11:18.

ʼE Fetogi Te Agakovi ʼa Te Tagata Ki Te Kele

E feafeaʼi ki te fealagia ʼa te tagata ke ina maumauʼi katoa te kele ʼaki tana agakovi pea mo tana mānumānu? ʼE tou ʼiloʼi papau kua hoko te maumau lahi ʼi te ʼu potu ʼo te kele, heʼe kua lahi fau te maumauʼi ʼo te ʼu vao matuʼa, kua ʼuli fau te ʼaele, pea kua ʼuli mo te tai. Kua hili kiai taʼu e 25, neʼe fakahā lelei te ʼu faʼahi ʼaia e te hahaʼi faitohi ko Barbara Ward pea mo René Dubos, ʼi tanā tohi Only One Earth: “Ko te ʼu faʼahi tāfito e tolu ʼaē kua ʼulihi pea mo tonu ke tou vakavakaʼi lelei​—ko te ʼaele, mo te vai, pea mo te kele​—pea ko te ʼu meʼa tāfito ʼaia e tolu ʼaē ʼe fakalogo kiai te maʼuli ʼo te kele.” Pea ko te ʼaluʼaga ʼaia ʼe mole heʼeki toe lelei age talu mai te temi ʼaia.

Ka tou fakatokagaʼi te lava maumauʼi ʼo te kele e te tagata ʼuhi ko tana mole aga fakapotopoto, pea ʼe feala ke tou lotomālohi mokā tou fakatokagaʼi te fealagia ʼaē ki te kele ke toe lelei pea mo ina toe fakafoʼou ia ia. ʼI tana fakamatala te fealagia fakaofoofo ʼaia ʼaē ʼe maʼu e te kele, ʼe fakahā e René Dubos te ʼu manatu fakaloto mālohi ʼaenī ʼi tana tahi tohi, The Resilience of Ecosystems:

“ ʼE tokolahi te hahaʼi ʼe nātou matataku ki tatatou kua mahino tauhala ki te kua kovi ʼaupito ʼo totatou kele, koteʼuhi ʼe mole kei feala ke toe fakatokatoka te ʼu maumau kovi ʼaē kua fai kiai. ʼI taku manatu, ʼe mole tonu ke nātou manatu feiā, heʼe maʼu e te kele te mālohi lahi moʼo fakamole te ʼu maumau ʼaē kua hoko kia ia.

“ ʼE lahi te ʼu fealagia ʼe maʼu e te kele ke ina toe fakafoʼou ia ia totonu. . . . Pea ʼe feala ai ke ina tauʼi te ʼu kovi ʼaē kua hoko kia ia, ʼo toe fakaaʼu māmālie ki te ʼuhiga ʼuluaki ʼo te maʼuli ʼo te kele.”

ʼE Feala Ke Hoko

Ko te faʼifaʼitaki fakaofoofo ʼi te ʼu taʼu pe ʼaenī kua hili, ʼe ko te fakamaʼa māmālie ʼo te vaitafe ʼiloa ko te Tamise ʼi Lonitoni. Ko te tohi The Thames Transformed, ʼaē neʼe tohi e Jeffery Harrison pea mo Peter Grant, ʼe fakamatala ai te meʼa fakaofoofo ʼaia, ʼaē ʼe hā ʼaki ai te meʼa ʼaē ʼe feala ke fai e te hahaʼi mokā nātou gāue fakatahi ki te lelei ʼo tonatou maʼuli. Neʼe tohi fēnei e te Tama ʼAliki ʼo Edinburgh ʼo te fenua ʼo Pilitania, ʼi te ʼu ʼuluaki palalau ʼaē ʼe tuʼu ʼi te tohi ʼaia: “ ʼI te lelei ʼaupito ʼo te hisitolia ʼaia, koia ʼe tonu ai ke tā, tatau aipe peʼe ina uga anai ʼihi ke nātou manatu ʼe mole faʼa kovi fau te ʼu fihifihia ʼaē kua hoko ki te taupau ʼo te kele, ohage ko te meʼa ʼaē neʼe faka tui age kia nātou. . . . ʼE feala ke nātou maʼu fuli ai he lotomālohi ʼi te meʼa ʼaē neʼe fai ʼi te vaitafe ʼo te Tamise. ʼE ko he logo lelei te feala ʼaē ke toe fakafoʼou te ʼu meʼa ʼo te kele pea ʼe toe feala foki ke fua lelei tanatou ʼu gāue.”

ʼI te kapite “Te Fakamaʼa Lahi,” ʼe tohi ʼaki he loto fiafia e Harrison pea mo Grant te meʼa ʼaē neʼe fai lolotoga teitei taʼu e 50: “Ko te ʼuluaki hoko ʼaia ʼi te malamanei katoa, ko te fakamaʼa ʼo te vaitafe ʼaē neʼe ʼuli ʼaupito pea neʼe lahi te feʼaluʼaki ai ʼa te ʼu vaka, pea kua toe maʼu ʼi te vaitafe ʼaia te ʼu tuʼuga misi pea mo te tuʼuga ika. Ko te fetogi vave ʼaia, ʼaē neʼe hage ʼi te kamata ʼe mole feala ke hoko, ʼe ko he fakaloto mālohi ʼaia māʼia ki te tagata ʼaē ʼe ina puipui te ʼu fuʼu ʼakau pea mo te ʼu manu fuli pe, ʼaē ʼi tana manatu ʼe mole he puleʼaki ki te faʼahi ʼaia.”

ʼE nā fakamatala fēnei te fetogi ʼaia: “Lolotoga ni ʼu taʼu, neʼe fakahaʼuhaʼu ʼo kovi te vaitafe ʼuhi ko te tuʼutāmaki fakamuli, ʼaē neʼe hoko lolotoga te Lua Tau Faka Malamanei, he neʼe maumau ai te ʼu tuio ʼaē ʼe nātou fakaʼalu te ʼu vai kovi pea mo te ʼu kanivo. Lolotoga te ʼu taʼu 1940 pea mo te ʼu taʼu 1950, neʼe kua ʼuli ʼaupito te vaitafe Tamise. Neʼe hage te vaitafe ko he kanivo; neʼe lanu ʼuli te vai, neʼe mole kei ʼi ai hona ʼaele, pea lolotoga te ʼu temi vela, neʼe mamanu te vaitafe ʼi te kolo katoa. . . . Ko te ʼu ika ʼaē neʼe maʼuʼuli ai neʼe nātou mavae mai ai, gata pe ki te ʼu tuna ʼe tokosiʼi, he neʼe feala tanatou maʼuʼuli ʼuhi ko tanatou poto mānava ʼi te fuga vai. Ko te ʼu manulele ʼo te fenua, ʼaē neʼe lahi ʼaupito ʼi te ʼu fuga falefata ʼo Lonitoni pea mo Woolwich, neʼe liliu ko te ʼu manulele ʼe tokosiʼi, ko te ʼu pato pea mo te ʼu cygnes neʼe maʼuʼuli he neʼe nātou kai te ʼu ʼotaʼota ʼaē neʼe leta ʼi te ʼu ʼuafu, kae mole nātou maʼu ʼi te vaitafe. . . . Ko ai ʼaē neʼe feala ke manatu ʼe hoko anai te fetogi ʼaia? Ia taʼu e hogofulu ko te foʼi vaitafe ʼaia ʼaē neʼe mole kei maʼuli ai te ʼu manulele, kua liliu ko he nofoʼaga ki te ʼu manulele kehekehe, ʼo kau ai mo te ʼu manulele ʼe toko 10 000 ʼo te temi nive pea mo te tahi ʼu manulele e 12 000.”

ʼE moʼoni ʼe ko te fakamatala ʼaia e tahi, ʼo he fetogi neʼe hoko ʼi he kiʼi potu veliveli ʼo te kele. Kae ʼe ʼaoga kia tatou te faʼifaʼitaki ʼaia. ʼE ina fakahā mai ʼe mole tonu ke tou manatu ʼe mole kei feala ke hāofaki te Kele, ʼuhi ko tona gaohi koviʼi, mo te mānumānu ʼa te tagata, pea mo tona agavale. Kapau ʼe akoʼi fakalelei te hahaʼi pea mo tou fakatahiʼi tatatou ʼu faiga ki te lelei ʼo te malamanei, pea ʼe feala anai ki te kele ke ina fakatokatoka te ʼu maumau lahi ʼaē neʼe hoko ki te ʼu vao matuʼa, mo te ʼaele pea mo te tai. Kae e feafeaʼi ʼo ʼuhiga mo te ʼui ʼaē ʼe feala ke fakaʼauha te kele e he foʼi maka fua lahi ʼe tō mai te lagi pe ko he foʼi fetuʼu?

Moʼo tali ki te fehuʼi faigataʼa ʼaia, ʼe tou maʼu anai te fakamahino lelei ʼi te alatike ʼaē ka hoa mai.

[Talanoa ʼo te pasina 5]

Ko te akoʼi ʼa te hahaʼi pea mo tatatou gāue fakatahi, ʼe feala ai anai ke tokoni ki te kele ke ina toe fakatokatoka te ʼu maumau lahi ʼaē neʼe hoko kiai