Te Moʼoni ʼo ʼUhiga Mo Te ʼu Takaiga Tohi ʼo Te Tai Mate

ʼI te ʼu taʼu e 50 tupu kua hili, ko te foʼi maka neʼe lī e te Bédouin tauhi ōvi neʼe iku ki te meʼa ʼe fakahigoaʼi e ʼihi ko te mātaga faka alekeolosia maʼuhiga ʼaupito ʼaē neʼe maʼu ʼo te 20 sēkulō. Neʼe logoʼi e te Bédouin ko tana foʼi maka neʼe ina foaʼi te ipu maka. ʼI tana kumi te potu ʼaia, neʼe ina maʼu ai te ʼuluaki ʼo te meʼa maʼuhiga ʼaē neʼe higoaʼi ko te ʼu Takaiga Tohi ʼo Te Tai Mate.

NEʼE liliu te ʼu takaiga tohi ʼaia ko he meʼa neʼe tokakaga kiai pea mo fakafihiʼi e te ʼu hahaʼi sivi meʼa pea mo te hahaʼi tala logo. Ki te hahaʼi, ʼe mole kei nātou ʼiloʼi pe ko ai ʼaē ʼe moʼoni, pea ʼe lahi te ʼu logo hala ʼe nātou feʼāveʼaki. Neʼe feʼāveʼaki te ʼu logo ʼe ʼui ai neʼe fufū te ʼu takaiga tohi, ʼi te tuʼania ʼaē naʼa fakahā e te ʼu takaiga tohi he ʼu meʼa ʼe feala ke ina holoʼi te tui ʼa te kau Kilisitiano pea mo te kau Sutea. Kae koteā koa te fakamatala moʼoni ʼo ʼuhiga mo te ʼu takaiga tohi ʼaia? Kua hili nei te ʼu taʼu e 50 tupu, kua feala koa ke tou ʼiloʼi te moʼoni?

Koteā Koa Te ʼu Takaiga Tohi ʼo Te Tai Mate?

Ko te ʼu Takaiga Tohi ʼo Te Tai Mate ʼe ko he ʼu koga tohi faka Sutea ʼāfea, ʼo lahi tāfito te ʼu tohi ʼaē neʼe tohi ʼi te faka Hepeleo, pea ko ʼihi neʼe tohi ʼi te faka Alamea, pea ʼe veliveli te ʼu tohi ʼaē neʼe tohi ʼi te faka Keleka. ʼE lahi ʼi te ʼu takaiga tohi pea mo te ʼu koga tohi ʼaia kua taʼu 2 000 tupu, neʼe fai ʼi muʼa ʼo te tupu ʼo Sesu. ʼI te ʼu ʼuluaki takaiga tohi ʼaē neʼe maʼu mai te kau Bédouins, neʼe ʼi ai te ʼu koga tohi loaloaga e fitu kua maumau. Neʼe kumi te tahi ʼu ʼana, pea neʼe maʼu ai mo ʼihi takaiga tohi pea mo te ʼu lauʼi afe koga ʼo he ʼu takaiga tohi. Mai te taʼu 1947 ʼo aʼu ki te taʼu 1956, neʼe maʼu te ʼu ʼana e 11 neʼe tuku ai te ʼu takaiga tohi ʼe ōvi ki Qumran ʼi te Tai Mate.

ʼI te fakatahiʼi ʼo te ʼu takaiga tohi pea mo te ʼu koga tohi, neʼe fakakatoa ko koga tohi ʼe teitei 800. Ko koga tohi e 200 tupu neʼe ko te ʼu koga tohi faka Hepeleo. Neʼe ʼi ai te tahi ʼu koga tohi faka Sutea ʼāfea kae neʼe mole ko he ʼu koga tohi faka Tohi-Tapu, neʼe ko te ʼu Apocryphes pea mo te ʼu Pseudépigraphes.a

Ko ʼihi takaiga tohi ʼaē neʼe ʼoho kiai te hahaʼi popoto neʼe ko he ʼu tohi neʼe mole ʼiloa ʼi muʼa atu. Neʼe kau ai te ʼu fakamahinohino ʼo te lao faka Sutea, mo te ʼu lekula ʼaē neʼe ʼaoga ki te maʼuli fakatahi ʼo te magaʼi lotu ʼaē neʼe nofo ʼi Qumran, te ʼu fakatuketuke faka lotu mo te ʼu faikole, ʼo feiā mo te ʼu tohi eschatologiques (ʼe fakatafito ki te tui ʼaē ko meʼa fuli kua tohi fakatomuʼa, ko he mataʼi tohi) ʼaē ʼe fakahā ai te ʼu faʼahiga fakakaukau ʼo ʼuhiga mo te fakahoko ʼo te ʼu lea faka polofeta ʼo te Tohi-Tapu pea mo te ʼu ʼaho fakamuli. ʼE ʼi ai mo te ʼu fakamatala faka Tohi-Tapu makehe, neʼe ko te hoki kamata ʼaē ʼo te fakamatalatala ʼo te ʼu vaega fuli ʼo he ʼu vaega faka Tohi-Tapu.

Ko Ai ʼAē Neʼe Ina Tohi Te ʼu Takaiga Tohi ʼo Te Tai Mate?

ʼAki te ʼu puleʼaki moʼo fakafuafua te ʼāfea ʼo he ʼu tohi, neʼe maʼu ai ko te ʼu takaiga tohi ʼaia neʼe lagi hiki peʼe fakatahi ʼi te vāhaʼa temi ʼo te tolu sēkulō ʼi muʼa ʼo totatou temi pea mo te ʼuluaki sēkulō ʼo totatou temi. ʼE manatu ʼihi hahaʼi sivi Tohi-Tapu neʼe lagi fufū te ʼu takaiga tohi ʼaia ʼi te ʼu ʼana, e he kau Sutea mai Selusalemi ʼi muʼa ʼo te fakaʼauha ʼo te fale lotu ʼi te taʼu 70 ʼo totatou temi. Kae maʼa te kau popoto tokolahi ʼaē neʼe nātou kumi te ʼu takaiga tohi, ʼe mole ʼalutahi te manatu ʼaia mo te meʼa ʼaē ʼe tohi ʼi te ʼu takaiga ʼaia. ʼE lahi te ʼu takaiga tohi ʼe nātou fakahā te ʼu manatu pea mo te ʼu agaʼi fenua ʼaē neʼe mole tali e te kau takitaki lotu ʼi Selusalemi. ʼE fakahā e te ʼu takaiga tohi ʼaia neʼe ʼi ai te kūtuga neʼe nātou manatu kua līaki e te ʼAtua te kau pelepitelo pea mo te tauhi ʼaē neʼe fai ʼi te fale lotu ʼi Selusalemi, pea neʼe nātou manatu kua maliu ia ki tanatou tauhi ʼaē neʼe nātou fai ʼi te toafa. Koia ʼe lagi ʼe mole ko te kau takitaki ʼo te fale lotu ʼo Selusalemi ʼaē neʼe nātou fufū he ʼu tohi feiā ʼi te ʼu takaiga tohi.

Logope neʼe lagi ʼi ai he fale ako ʼo he kau hiki tohi ʼi Qumran, kae ʼe mahino ia neʼe lahi te ʼu takaiga tohi neʼe fakatahiʼi ʼi he tahi koga meʼa pea neʼe ʼaumai ki te koga meʼa ʼaia e te magaʼi lotu. ʼI hona faʼahiga ʼaluʼaga, ko te ʼu Takaiga Tohi ʼo Te Tai Mate ʼe ko he fakatahiʼi ʼaia ʼo he ʼu tuʼuga tohi. Ohage ko te tukuʼaga tohi fuli pe, ʼe feala pe ke ʼi ai he ʼu tohi ʼaki he ʼu faʼahiga fakakaukau kehekehe, kae ʼe mole faka ʼuhiga ʼaki neʼe ko te ʼu manatu ʼaia ʼa te kau lautohi. Kae ʼe ko te ʼu koga tohi ʼaia ʼaē ʼe lahi tona ʼu hiki tohi, ʼe nātou fakahā tāfito te ʼu akonaki pea mo te ʼu meʼa makehe ʼaē neʼe leleiʼia pea mo tui kiai te kūtuga ʼaia.

Neʼe Ko He Kau Esséniens Koa Te Hahaʼi ʼAē Neʼe Nonofo ʼi Qumran?

Kapau ko te ʼu takaiga tohi ʼaia neʼe ko he ʼu tuʼuga tohi kehekehe ʼo Qumran, neʼe ko ai koa te ʼu hahaʼi ʼaē neʼe nonofo ai? Ko te Polofesea ko Eleazar Sukenik, ʼaē neʼe ina ʼave te ʼu takaiga tohi e tolu maʼa te Univelesitē faka Hepeleo ʼi Selusalemi ʼi te 1947, te ʼuluaki tagata ʼaē neʼe ina ʼui ko te ʼu takaiga tohi ʼaia neʼe ʼa te kau Esséniens.

Ko te kau Esséniens neʼe ko he magaʼi lotu neʼe palalau kiai ia te kau tagata faitohi ʼo te ʼuluaki sēkulō ko Josèphe, mo Philon mai Alexandrie, pea mo Pline lʼAncien. ʼE ʼi ai te fihi ʼo ʼuhiga mo te haʼuʼaga totonu ʼo te kau Esséniens, kae ʼe mahalo pe neʼe nātou tutupu ake lolotoga te temi gatutu ʼaē neʼe hoa ki te agatuʼu ʼa te kau Makape ʼi te lua sēkulō ʼi muʼa ʼo totatou temi.b Neʼe palalau ia Josèphe ki tonatou kamataʼaga lolotoga te temi ʼaia, ʼi tana fakamatalatala te kehekehe ʼo tanatou ʼu manatu mo te ʼu manatu ʼa te kau Faliseo pea mo te kau Satuseo. Neʼe palalau ia Pline ki te nofoʼaga ʼo te kūtuga Esséniens ʼaē ʼe ōvi ki te Tai Mate, ʼi te vaha ʼo Seliko pea mo En-gedi.

ʼE manatu e te Polofesea ko James VanderKam, ko he tagata sivi ʼo te ʼu Takaiga Tohi ʼo Te Tai Mate, “ko te kau Esséniens ʼaē neʼe nonofo ʼi Qumran neʼe ko he kiʼi koga veliveli ʼo te magaʼi lotu kaugamālie ʼa te kau Esséniens,” ʼaē neʼe lau e Josèphe ko te toko fā afe. Logope ʼe mole tou maʼu te ʼu fakamatalatala fuli, kae ko te ʼu fakamatalatala ʼaē ʼe tou maʼu ʼi te ʼu koga tohi mai Qumran, ʼe hage ʼe ʼalutahi mo te faʼahiga maʼuli ʼo te kau Esséniens, ʼi he tahi age kūtuga Sutea ʼo te temi ʼaia.

Ko ʼihi ʼe nātou lau ko te lotu faka Kilisitiano neʼe kamata ʼi Qumran. Kae ʼe feala ke tou fakatokagaʼi ʼe lahi te ʼu manatu faka lotu ʼo te magaʼi lotu mai Qumran neʼe kehekehe mo te aga ʼa te ʼu ʼuluaki Kilisitiano. ʼE fakahā e te ʼu tohi ʼo Qumran te ʼu lekula fefeka ʼo ʼuhiga mo te Sapato pea mo te tokaga fakavale ki te ʼu naunau ʼo te fakamaʼa. (Mateo 15:1-20; Luka 6:1-11) ʼE toe feala pe foki ke tou toe palalau ʼo ʼuhiga mo te mole fia fakatahi ʼa te kau Esséniens mo te hahaʼi, mo tanatou tui ki te kua tohi fakatomuʼa ʼo meʼa fuli, mo te maʼuli tuputupua ʼo te nefesi, mo tanatou faka maʼuhigaʼi te nofo selipatea pea mo te ʼu manatu faikehe ʼo ʼuhiga mo tanatou tauhi ki te kau ʼaselo. ʼE fakahā e te faʼahi ʼaia ʼe kehekehe mo te ʼu akonaki ʼa Sesu pea mo te kau Kilisitiano ʼo te temi muʼa.—Mateo 5:14-16; Soane 11:23, 24; Kolose 2:18; 1 Timoteo 4:1-3.

Neʼe Mole Fufū He ʼu Takaiga Tohi

ʼI te ʼu taʼu ʼaē neʼe hoa ki te maʼu ʼo te ʼu Takaiga Tohi ʼo Te Tai Mate, neʼe lahi te ʼu tohi neʼe tā moʼo fakakaku te ʼu koga ʼaia neʼe maʼu, ki te hahaʼi popoto ʼi te malamanei katoa. Kae ki te ʼu koga tohi ʼe lauʼi afe mai te ʼana e tahi, ʼe higoaʼi ko te 4 ʼAna, neʼe ʼi ai tona fihifihia. Ko te ʼu koga tohi ʼaia neʼe maʼu e te kiʼi kūtuga faka malamanei ʼo te kau popoto ʼaē neʼe nonofo ʼi te Potu Hahake ʼo Selusalemi (neʼe ko he koga ʼo Solotane) ʼi te Tānakiʼaga Mātaga Faka Alekeolosia ʼi Palesitina. Neʼe mole ʼi ai he kau tagata popoto Sutea peʼe Iselaele neʼe kau ki te kūtuga ʼaia.

Neʼe fakatuʼutuʼu e te kūtuga ke mole fakagafua ki te hahaʼi ke nātou sio ki te ʼu takaiga tohi ʼaia, gata pe mokā hoki nātou fakahā te ʼu meʼa ʼaē neʼe nātou maʼu ʼi te ʼu kumi ʼaē neʼe nātou fai. Neʼe faka tuʼakoi te hahaʼi ʼo te kūtuga ʼaia. Ka mate he tahi ʼo te kūtuga ʼaia, neʼe fetogi e he tagata foʼou pe e tahi. Neʼe tonu ia ke hahaʼi age te kūtuga heʼe neʼe lahi te gāue, pea ʼi ʼihi ʼaluʼaga neʼe fakamaʼua kiai he poto lelei ʼi te faka Hepeleo pea mo te faka Alamea ʼāfea. Neʼe ʼui fēnei e James VanderKam ʼo ʼuhiga mo te potu ʼaia: “Neʼe mole lava ki te ʼu tagata popoto e toko valu, logope hanatou faiva, ke nātou vakaʼi fuli te ʼu lauʼi hogofulu afe koga tohi.”

ʼI te taʼu 1967 ʼaē neʼe hoko ai te tau ia ʼaho e ono, ko te Potu Hahake ʼo Selusalemi mo ʼona ʼu takaiga tohi neʼe maluʼi e te kau Iselaele, kae neʼe mole ʼi ai he fetogi ʼo te kūtuga ʼo ʼuhiga mo tanatou fakatuʼutuʼu. ʼI te tuai ʼo te maʼu mai ʼo he ʼu logo mai te ʼu takaiga tohi ʼo te 4 ʼAna ʼaē kua taʼu hogofulu tupu, neʼe meo te kau popoto tokolahi. ʼI te 1977, neʼe fakahigoaʼi te potu ʼaia e te Polofesea ko Geza Vermes mai te Univelesitē ʼo Oxford, ko te meʼa fakaufiufi ʼaupito ʼo te hahaʼi popoto ʼo te 20 sēkulō. Neʼe kamata feʼāveʼaki te ʼu logo ʼo ʼuhiga mo te ʼu meʼa ʼe fufū e te ’Ēkelesia Katolika, ko he ʼu logo mai te ʼu takaiga tohi ʼe feala ke ina holoʼi te lotu faka Kilisitiano.

ʼI te ʼu taʼu 1980, neʼe fakahahaʼi te kūtuga ʼo nātou liliu ko te toko 20 tagata popoto. Pea ʼi te 1990, ʼaki te takitaki ʼo te pule foʼou ki te tā ʼo te ʼu meʼa ʼaē neʼe maʼu ʼi te ʼu kumi ʼaia, ia Emanuel Tov, mai te Univelesitē Faka Hepeleo ʼi Selusalemi, neʼe toe fakahahaʼi te kūtuga ʼaia ʼo nātou liliu ai ko te toko 50 tupu tagata popoto. Neʼe fakatuʼu te polokalama ke fai fakavilivili te tā ʼo te ʼu tohi ʼo ʼuhiga mo te ʼu takaiga tohi.

Neʼe hoko te meʼa fakafokifā ʼi te 1991. Neʼe ʼuluaki tā te tohi A Preliminary Edition of the Unpublished Dead Sea Scrolls (Ko He Teuteu Ki Te ʼu Takaiga Tohi ʼo Te Tai Mate ʼAē Mole Heʼeki Tā). Ko te potu ʼaia neʼe fakaʼaogaʼi kiai te olotinatea ʼo mulimuli ki te ʼu nota ʼa te kūtuga ʼaia. Ki muli age, neʼe tala e te Tānakiʼaga Tohi ʼo Huntington ʼi San Marino, ʼi Californie, ʼe nātou fakahā anai ki te ʼu tagata poto fuli tanatou ʼu tuʼuga paki ʼo te ʼu takaiga tohi. ʼI muʼa atu, neʼe tā te tohi A Facsimile Edition of the Dead Sea Scrolls (Ko He Hiki ʼo Te ʼu Takaiga Tohi ʼo Te Tai Mate) ko te ʼu paki ʼo te ʼu takaiga tohi ʼaē neʼe mole heʼeki fakahā ʼi muʼa atu, kua lava sio kiai te hahaʼi fuli.

Koia ki te ʼu taʼu e hogofulu ki muli age, neʼe kua feala ke fai he ʼu kumi ki te ʼu Takaiga Tohi fuli ʼo te Tai Mate. ʼE fakahā e te potu ʼaia neʼe mole ʼi ai he meʼa neʼe fufū; neʼe mole ʼi ai he ʼu takaiga tohi neʼe fufū. ʼI te tā ʼo te ʼu tohi fakaʼosi ʼo ʼuhiga mo te ʼu takaiga tohi, ko te hoki feala ʼaē ke kamata ʼo he sivi katoa. Kua ʼi ai te taʼiake foʼou ʼo he ʼu tagata popoto ʼi te sivi ʼo te ʼu takaiga tohi. Kae koteā te faka ʼuhiga ʼo te ʼu kumi ʼaia maʼa te kau ako ʼo te Tohi-Tapu?

[Kiʼi nota]

[Paki ʼo te pasina 3]

ʼE kau te ʼu ʼana ʼaenī ki te ʼu ʼana ʼe ōvi ki te Tai Mate ʼaē neʼe maʼu ai te ʼu takaiga tohi ʼāfea

[Haʼuʼaga ʼo te paki pasina 3]

Scroll fragment: Pages 3, 4, and 6: Courtesy of Israel Antiquities Authority

[Haʼuʼaga ʼo te paki pasina 5]

Courtesy of Shrine of the Book, Israel Museum, Jerusalem