Ia Martin Lutelo Te Tagata Mo Tona Tofiʼa

“ ʼE LAU ʼe lahi ʼaupito te ʼu tohi neʼe tohi ʼo ʼuhiga mo [Martin Lutelo] ʼi te hisitolia katoa, ʼi tuʼa atu ʼo tona pule totonu ia Sesu Kilisito.” Neʼe tohi te ʼu palalau ʼaia ʼi te nusipepa Time. Ko te ʼu palalau pea mo te ʼu aga ʼa Lutelo neʼe tupu ai te Réforme (te Fetogi)​—ko he agaaga faka lotu ʼe lau “ko te fetogi lahi ʼaupito ʼi te hisitolia ʼo te tagata.” Neʼe tokoni ki te fetogi ʼo te maʼuli faka lotu ʼi Eulopa pea mo fakagata te ʼu temi ʼo te Moyen-Âge ʼo te fenua ʼaia. Neʼe fakatuʼu foki e Lutelo ia te faʼahiga faitohi ʼaē neʼe fakatafito kiai te faʼahiga faitohi faka Siamani. ʼE mahino ia, ko tana fakaliliu ʼo te Tohi-Tapu ʼe kau ia ʼi te tohi maʼuhiga ʼaupito ʼo te lea faka Siamani.

Neʼe ko ai koa ia Martin Lutelo? Neʼe liliu feafeaʼi ko he tahi ʼe maʼuhiga ʼaupito ʼi te hisitolia ʼo te Eulopa?

ʼE Liliu Ia Lutelo Ko He Tagata Poto

Neʼe tupu ia Martin Lutelo ʼi Eisleben, ʼi Siamani, ʼi Novepeli ʼo te taʼu 1483. Logope neʼe gāue tana tāmai ʼi te lameni kapa, kae neʼe ina faigaʼi ke ina maʼu lahi hana falā moʼo faka fealagia ke lelei te ako ʼa Martin. ʼI te taʼu 1501, neʼe ako ia Martin ʼi te Univelesitē ʼo te kolo ko Erfurt. ʼI te tānakiʼaga tohi ʼo te univelesitē, ko tana hoki lau ʼaia te Tohi-Tapu. Neʼe ina ʼui fēnei: “Neʼe ʼau leleiʼia ʼaupito te tohi ʼaia, pea neʼe ʼau fakatalitali ke ʼau maʼu haku tohi feiā ʼi he ʼaho.”

ʼI tona taʼu 22, neʼe hū ia Lutelo ki te monasetelio ʼa Sagato Aukusitino ʼi Erfurt. Ki muli age neʼe hū ki te Univelesitē ʼo te kolo ko Wittenberg, ʼo ina maʼu ai tana pepa ʼi te teolosia, ko te doctorat. Maʼa Lutelo neʼe mole tāu mo ia ke ina maʼu te ʼofa ʼo te ʼAtua, pea neʼe tautau lotomamahi ʼaupito ʼi tona fakakoviʼi e tona leʼo ʼo loto. Kae ko te ako ʼo te Tohi-Tapu, mo te faikole, pea mo te metitasio neʼe tokoni kia ia ke mahino lelei ki te manatu ʼa te ʼAtua ʼo ʼuhiga mo te kau agahala. Neʼe mahino kia Lutelo ʼe mole feala he totogi ʼo te ʼofa ʼo te ʼAtua. Kae ko tona ʼofa makehe ʼe foaki kia nātou ʼaē ʼe nātou tui.​—Loma 1⁠:16; 3⁠:​23, 24, 28.

Neʼe koteā ʼaē neʼe tupu ai te ʼui e Lutelo ʼe totonu te manatu foʼou ʼaē neʼe mahino kiai? Neʼe tohi fēnei e Kurt Aland, te tagata polofesea ʼo te hisitolia ʼo te ʼuluaki ʼēkelesia pea mo te kumi ki te Tauhi Foʼou: “Neʼe metitasio ki te Tohi-Tapu katoa moʼo vakavakaʼi peʼe ʼalutahi te meʼa foʼou ʼaia kua mālama kiai mo he tahi ʼu fakamatala faka Tohi-Tapu, pea neʼe ina tokagaʼi ʼe tonu tana manatu.” Neʼe kau ki te ʼu akonaki tāfito ʼa Lutelo ia te akonaki ʼo te fakatonuhia, peʼe ko te hāofaki ʼaki te tui kae mole fai ʼaki he gāue peʼe ko te fakahemala.

Neʼe ʼIta Ki Te ʼu ʼItulisesia

Ko te meʼa ʼaē neʼe mahino kiai ia Lutelo ʼo ʼuhiga mo te faʼahiga sio ifo ʼa te ʼAtua ki te kau agahala neʼe mole ʼalutahi mo te manatu ʼa te Lotu Katolika. ʼI te temi ʼaia, neʼe lau mokā mamate te hahaʼi, ko te hahaʼi agahala neʼe tonu muʼa ke tauteaʼi nātou lolotoga he temi siʼi. Kae neʼe lau, neʼe feala ke siʼisiʼi age te temi tautea ʼaia, mo kapau ʼe nātou totogi he ʼu ʼitulisesia (te ʼu pepa moʼo fakamolemole te ʼu agahala) ʼa te tuʼi tapu. Ko te kau fai fakatau ohage ko Johann Tetzel, ʼaē neʼe gāue maʼa te ’Ēpikopō ko Albert ʼo te kolo ko Mayence, neʼe nātou ʼaumai he fetogi lahi ʼi te fakatau ʼo te ʼu ʼitulisesia ki te hahaʼi fuli. Tokolahi neʼe nātou faka ʼuhiga te ʼu ʼitulisesia ohage ko he hāofaki moʼoni ʼo nātou ki tanatou ʼu agahala ʼaē ka nātou fai ki muli age.

Neʼe ʼita ia Lutelo ki te fakatau ʼo te ʼu ʼitulisesia. Neʼe mahino kia ia ʼe mole feala ki te tagata ke ina totogi te ʼAtua. ʼI te temi fakatō lau ʼo te taʼu 1517, neʼe ina tohi tana ʼu manatu ʼiloa e 95, ʼe ina tukugakoviʼi ai te ʼēkelesia ki tana kākā faka lotu, ʼi tana ʼu akonaki, pea mo tana kākā ʼi te faʼahi faka paʼaga. ʼI tana fia fakaloto mālohiʼi ke hoko he fetogi, kae mole ko he agatuʼu, neʼe ʼave e Lutelo te ʼu hiki ʼo tana ʼu manatu ki te ’Ēpikopō ko Albert ʼo te kolo ko Mayence pea mo te tahi kau tagata popoto. ʼE tuhiʼi e te kau tagata fai hisitolia ia te taʼu 1517 peʼe ko te temi ʼaia ohage ko te kamataʼaga ʼo te Réforme.

ʼO ʼuhiga mo te fakahāhā ʼo te ʼu aga kovi ʼe fai e te lotu, neʼe ko Lutelo tokotahi pe ʼaē neʼe ina fai te faʼahi ʼaia. ʼI te ʼu taʼu e teau ki muʼa atu, ko te tagata lotu Tchèque ko Jan Hus neʼe ina fakafihiʼi te fakatau ʼo te ʼu ʼitulisesia. ʼI muʼa atu ʼo Hus, neʼe fakamahino e John Wycliffe mai Pilitania te ʼu talatisio ʼaē ʼe fai e te lotu ʼe mole ʼi ai hona fakatafito faka Tohi-Tapu. Ko te ʼu hahaʼi ʼo te temi ʼo Lutelo, ko Érasme mai Rotterdam pea mo Tyndale mai Pilitania, neʼe nā ʼeke ke hoko he fetogi. ʼAki te meʼa tā tohi foʼou neʼe faʼu e Johannes Gutenberg ʼi Siamani, neʼe mālohi age pea mo lahi age te mafola ʼo te logo ʼaē neʼe tā e Lutelo, ʼo laka age ʼi ʼihi ʼi muʼa atu ʼaē neʼe nātou loto ke hoko he fetogi.

Neʼe haʼele te meʼa tā tohi ʼa Gutenberg ʼi Mayence ʼi te taʼu 1455. ʼI te kamataʼaga ʼo te ʼu taʼu 1500, neʼe kua ʼi ai te ʼu tāʼaga tohi ʼi te ʼu kolo Siamani e 60 pea mo te tahi ʼu fenua ʼo Eulopa e 12. ʼI te maʼuli ʼa te tagata, neʼe kua feala leva ki te hahaʼi ke nātou maʼu fakavilivili te ʼu logo ʼo ʼuhiga mo te ʼu faʼahiga meʼa ʼaē ʼe fia ʼiloʼi e te hahaʼi. ʼO ʼuhiga mo te ʼu manatu e 95 ʼa Lutelo, neʼe tā pea mo tufa, ʼo lagi fai ʼaia kae neʼe heʼeki fakaʼui ki ai. Ko te fehuʼi ʼo ʼuhiga mo he fetogi ʼi te lotu, neʼe mole kei faka tuʼakoi pe ʼi te koga meʼa ʼaē neʼe nofo ai. Neʼe kua mafola ia, pea fokifā pe kua liliu ia Martin Lutelo ko te tagata maʼuhiga ʼaupito ʼi Siamani.

ʼE Fakafifihi Kiai Ia “Te Laʼā Mo Te Māhina”

Lolotoga te ʼu sēkulō, neʼe puleʼi ia te Eulopa e te ʼu mālohi e lua: te Puleʼaga Tapu ʼo Loma pea mo te Lotu Katolika. Neʼe fakamahino fēnei e te pelesita ʼāfea ʼa te Fakatuʼutuʼu Faka Lotu Polotesita ʼi te malamanei, ko Hanns Lilje “neʼe kau fakatahi ia te hau pea mo te tuʼi tapu ohage ko te laʼā pea mo te māhina.” Kae neʼe mole ʼiloʼi papau peʼe ko ai ʼaē neʼe ina fakatātā te laʼā, pea ko ai ʼaē neʼe ina fakatātā te māhina. ʼI te kamataʼaga ʼo te 16 sēkulō, neʼe mole kei faʼa maʼuhiga te ʼu mālohi ʼaia e lua. Neʼe ʼi ai te fetogi neʼe ʼamanaki hoko.

Neʼe malave kovi te ʼu manatu e 95 ki te Tuʼi Tapu ko Leone 10, ʼo ina lau ke fakamavae ia Lutelo mo kapau ʼe mole ina fetogi tana manatu. Neʼe fakafisi kiai ia Lutelo, ʼo ina tutu ia muʼa ʼo te hahaʼi ia te fakatotonu ʼaia ʼa te tuʼi tapu ke ina fakamavae ia ia, pea neʼe fai e Lutelo ia te ʼu tohi ʼe ina fakaloto mālohiʼi ai te ʼu kolo lalahi ke nātou fetogi te lotu, tatau aipe peʼe mole loto kiai te tuʼi tapu. ʼI te taʼu 1521, neʼe fakamavae ia Lutelo e te Tuʼi Tapu ko Leone 10. ʼI te fakafifihi ʼa Lutelo ki te tautea ʼaia neʼe mole faitotonu, neʼe pāui ia ia e te Hau ʼo te Puleʼaga Tapu Loma ko Charles Quint ke ʼalu age ki te fono ʼi Worms. Ko te fagona ʼa Lutelo lolotoga ʼaho e 15, mai Wittenberg ki Worms ʼi ʼApelili ʼo te taʼu 1521, neʼe hage ko he polosesio fakaʼaliʼaliki. Neʼe lagolago te hahaʼi ki ai, pea ko te hahaʼi ʼo te ʼu koga meʼa fuli neʼe nātou fia sisio kia ia.

ʼI Worms, neʼe tuʼu ia Lutelo ia muʼa ʼo te hau, mo te kau ʼaliki, pea mo te fakafofoga ʼo te tuʼi tapu. Neʼe tuʼu feiā ia Jan Hus ʼi te kolo ko Constance ʼi te taʼu 1415 pea neʼe tutu ai ia ia. Kua sioʼi fuli ia Lutelo e te ʼēkelesia pea mo te puleʼaga, kae neʼe fakafisi aipe ki te mole fakaʼaogaʼi e tona ʼu fili te Tohi-Tapu moʼo fakamoʼoni neʼe faihala ia. Kae neʼe mole ʼi ai he tahi neʼe tatau mo ia ki te maʼu fakaʼatamai ʼo te Tohi-Tapu. Neʼe fakahā te tonu ʼo te fakafifihi ʼaia ʼi te pepa ʼe higoaʼi ko te Fakatotonu ʼo Worms. Neʼe fakahā ai ko Lutelo ko he tagata ʼe fakafeagai ki te lao pea neʼe tapuʼi tana ʼu tohi. Neʼe tuʼutāmakiʼia tona maʼuli, ʼi tona fakamavae e te tuʼi tapu pea mo tona lau e te tuʼi pule ʼe fakafeagai ki te lao.

Pea neʼe hoko leva te ʼu meʼa fakafokifā. ʼI tana liliu ki Wittenberg, neʼe puke ia Lutelo, kae neʼe ko he fakatuʼutuʼu ʼa te tagata agalelei ko Frédéric mai Saxe. Neʼe ina fai moʼo fakahāo ia Lutelo mai tona ʼu fili. Neʼe hū fakafūfū ia Lutelo ki te foʼi tule ʼo Wartburg ʼaē neʼe tuʼu mamaʼo, ʼi ai neʼe ina tuku ke homo tona kava pea neʼe ina fetogi tona higoa​—ko te tagata ʼaliki ko Junker Jörg.

Neʼe Lahi Te Fakaʼui ʼo Te Tohi-Tapu ʼo Sepetepeli

Lolotoga te ʼu māhina e hogofulu ki muli age, neʼe nofo ia Lutelo ʼi te foʼi tule ʼo Wartburg ko he tagata ʼe feholaʼaki mai te hau pea mo te tuʼi tapu. ʼE fakamahino e te tohi Welterbe Wartburg “ko te temi ʼaē neʼe nofo ai ʼi Wartburg neʼe lahi ʼaupito ai tana gāue pea mo ʼaoga ki tona maʼuli.” ʼI te ʼu gāue lalahi ʼaē neʼe ina fai, neʼe ina fakaʼosi te fakaliliu ʼo te Tauhi Foou ʼa Erasme ki te lea faka Siamani. Neʼe tā ʼi Sepetepeli ʼo te taʼu 1522 kae neʼe mole tohi ko Lutelo ʼaē neʼe ina fakaliliu, koia neʼe ʼiloa te Tohi-Tapu ʼaia ko te Tohi-Tapu ʼo Sepetepeli. Ko tona totogi neʼe ko te 1,5 ʼo te falā Holani ʼaē ko te gulden​—ko tona fakatatau ko te totogi ʼe maʼu e te fafine fai menasi ʼi te taʼu katoa. Kae neʼe lahi aipe te fakaʼui ʼo te Tohi-Tapu ʼo Sepetepeli. Ia māhina e 12, ko Tohi-Tapu e 6 000 neʼe fai ʼi te ʼu tāʼaga tohi e lua, kae lagi ko tāʼaga Tohi-Tapu e 69 neʼe fai ʼi te ʼu taʼu e 12 neʼe hoa mai kiai.

ʼI te taʼu 1525, neʼe ʼohoanaʼi e Martin Lutelo ia Katharina von Bora, neʼe taupoʼou ʼi muʼa atu. Neʼe tokaga lelei ia Katharina ki te gāue ʼo te loto fale, pea neʼe lagolago lelei moʼo fakahoko te ʼu gāue ʼo tona ʼohoana. ʼI te famili ʼo Lutelo, neʼe kau ai ia tona ʼohoana mo tana ʼu tamaliki e toko ono, mo tona ʼu kaumeʼa, mo te kau tagata popoto, pea mo te hahaʼi neʼe feholaki. ʼI te fakaʼosiʼosi ʼo tona maʼuli, pea mo te kua maʼuhiga ʼo tona ʼuhiga tagata fai tokoni, ko te kau tagata popoto ʼaē neʼe nonofo ʼi tona ʼapi, neʼe nātou tahi nofo fuli mo tana peni mo te moʼi pepa ke nātou tohi fuli te ʼu palalau ʼaē ʼe ina fai. Neʼe fakatahiʼi te ʼu nota fuli ʼaia ki te tohi ko tona kupu tāfito ko Luthers Tischreden (Te ʼu Palalau ʼa Lutelo ʼi Te Laupapa). ʼI te tahi temi, ʼo hoa ki te Tohi-Tapu, neʼe ko te tohi ʼaia neʼe lahi tona lau ʼi te lea faka Siamani.

Ko He Tagata Fai Fakaliliu Faiva Pea Neʼe Lahi Te ʼu Tohi Neʼe Ina Fai

ʼI te taʼu 1534, neʼe fakaʼosi e Lutelo tana fakaliliu te ʼu Tohi Faka Hepeleo. Neʼe faiva ʼi te fakaʼaluʼalu ʼo te faʼahiga palalau pea mo te ʼu kupuʼi palalau ʼe tonu ke fakaʼaogaʼi. ʼI te ʼosi ʼo tana fakaliliu, neʼe matala te Tohi-Tapu ki te hahaʼi ʼaē neʼe mole lahi tanatou ako. ʼI tana palalau ʼo ʼuhiga mo te puleʼaki neʼe ina fakaʼaogaʼi moʼo fakaliliu te Tohi-Tapu, neʼe ina tohi fēnei: “ ʼE tonu ke fakafehuʼi te faʼe ʼi tona loto fale, mo te tamaliki ʼi te ala, pea mo te hahaʼi māhani ʼi te ʼu fakatauʼaga meʼa kai, pea mo tokagaʼi tanatou faʼahiga palalau, pea hoki fakaliliu leva ʼo mulimuli ki te koga ʼaia.” Ko te Tohi-Tapu ʼa Lutelo neʼe ko te fakatafito ʼo te faʼahiga faitohi ʼo te lea, pea neʼe tali ia ʼi te fenua katoa ʼo Siamani.

Neʼe toe fakatahiʼi atu ki te faiva ʼo Lutelo ʼi te fakaliliu tohi ia tana faiva ʼi te faitohi. ʼE lau neʼe fai te tohi katoa ia vāhaʼa e lua, lolotoga tona temi ʼaē neʼe gāue ai. Ko ʼihi tohi neʼe fakatupu kovi kia ia. Neʼe lagi fefeka te ʼu ʼuluaki tohi ʼa Lutelo, kae ʼo aʼu ki tona mātuʼa neʼe mole malū ifo tana faʼahiga faitohi. Neʼe liliu tana ʼu tohi ʼo fefeka age ʼaki te temi. ʼE fakamatala e te tohi Lexikon für Theologie und Kirche, ʼe fakahā e te ʼu tohi ʼa Lutelo “te lahi fau ʼo tona ʼita,” pea mo tana “mole maʼu te agavaivai pea mo te ʼofa,” pea “neʼe kua ina faka maʼuhigaʼi fau tana gāue.”

ʼI te hoko ʼo te Tau ʼa Te Hahaʼi Gāue Kele pea mo te lahi ʼo te mātea ʼi te ʼu kolo lalahi, neʼe fehuʼi age kia Lutelo peʼe koteā tana manatu. Neʼe tonu koa te lāuga ʼa te hahaʼi gāue kele ki te kau ʼaliki ʼaē ʼe nātou puleʼi nātou? Neʼe mole faigaʼi e Lutelo ke lagolago ki te hahaʼi ʼo fai he tali ke nātou fiafia ai. Maʼa ia, neʼe tonu ke fakalogo te kau kaugana ʼa te ʼAtua kia nātou ʼaē ʼe maʼu tuʼulaga. (Loma 13⁠:⁠1) Neʼe ʼui fakahagatonu e Lutelo, neʼe tonu ke fakagata te agatuʼu ʼaia ʼaki te agamālohi. Neʼe ina ʼui fēnei: “Ko ʼaē ʼe ina lavaʼi, ke ina hukiʼi, mo tāʼi, pea fakapogi.” Neʼe ʼui e Hanns Lilje, ko te tali ʼaē neʼe fai e Lutelo neʼe tupu ai te mole kei “lagolago age ʼa te hahaʼi ʼaē neʼe nātou fakaʼapaʼapa kia ia.” Pea tahi ʼaē meʼa, ko te ʼu tohi ʼaē neʼe fai e Lutelo ki muli age ʼo ʼuhiga mo te kau Sutea ʼaē neʼe mole nātou fia tafoki ki te Lotu Faka Kilisitiano, kae tāfito tana tohi On the Jews and Their Lies (Te Kau Sutea Mo Tanatou ʼu Loi), neʼe tupu ai te lau e te hahaʼi tokolahi ko Lutelo ko he tagata neʼe fehiʼa ki te kau Sutea.

Te Tofiʼa ʼo Lutelo

Ko te Réforme, ʼaē neʼe ʼeke e te ʼu tagata ohage ko Lutelo, mo Kalevino, pea mo Zwingli, neʼe iku ai ki te fakatuʼu ʼo te lotu foʼou ʼe higoa ko te Lotu Polotesita. Ko te tofiʼa tāfito neʼe tuku e Lutelo ki te Lotu Polotesita ʼe ko tana akonaki ʼo te fakatonuhia ʼaki te tui. Ko te ʼu kolo lalahi ʼo Siamani neʼe nātou filifili peʼe ko te Lotu Polotesita peʼe ko te Lotu Katolika. Neʼe mafola te Lotu Polotesita pea neʼe tuputupu ʼi Scandinavie, mo Suisi, mo Pilitania, pea mo Holani. ʼI te temi nei, ko te lauʼi teau miliona hahaʼi ʼe nātou kau ki te lotu ʼaia.

Tokolahi ʼe mole nātou tali te ʼu akonaki fuli ʼa Lutelo, kae ʼe kei nātou fakaʼapaʼapa aipe kia ia. ʼI te taʼu 1983 neʼe faka maʼuhigaʼi e te Lepupilika Temokalatike ʼāfea ʼo Siamani, ʼaē ʼe kau ai ia te ʼu kolo ko Eisleben, mo Erfurt, mo Wittenberg, pea mo Wartburg, ia te ʼu taʼu 500 ki te tupu ʼa Lutelo. Neʼe faka maʼuhigaʼi e te Puleʼaga Sosialisi ʼaia ia Lutelo ko he tagata maʼuhiga ʼi te hisitolia ʼo Siamani pea mo tona maʼuli. Pea tahi ʼaē meʼa, neʼe fakamatala fakanounou pea mo ʼui fēnei e te tagata teolosia Katolika ʼo te ʼu taʼu 1980 ʼo ʼuhiga mo te maʼuli ʼo Lutelo: “Neʼe mole he tahi neʼe hoa mai kia Lutelo neʼe feala ke tatau mo ia.” Neʼe tohi fēnei e te Polofesea ko Aland: “ ʼI te taʼu fuli ʼe teitei pe ke tā te ʼu tohi foʼou e 500 ʼo ʼuhiga mo Martin Lutelo pea mo te Réforme —⁠pea ʼe teitei pe ke tā ʼi te ʼu lea ʼe lahi tona palalauʼi ʼi te malamanei katoa.”

Ko Martin Lutelo neʼe ko he tagata poto, pea neʼe makehe tana tāʼofi fakaʼatamai ia te ʼu meʼa, neʼe ko he tagata neʼe faiva ʼi te palalau, pea neʼe faʼafai ʼi tana gāue. Kae ko te tahi meʼa, neʼe ko he tagata neʼe mole faʼa kātaki pea mo palalau manukinuki, pea neʼe palalau fakaʼita ʼo ʼuhiga mo te ʼu meʼa ʼaē maʼa ia neʼe ko he malualoi. ʼI tana ʼamanaki mate ʼi Eisleben ʼi Fepualio ʼo te taʼu 1546, neʼe fehuʼi age e tona ʼu kaumeʼa peʼe pipiki maʼu aipe ki te ʼu akonaki ʼaē neʼe ina akoʼi ki ʼihi, neʼe “ ʼio” kiai. Kua mate ia Lutelo, kae tokolahi ʼe kei nātou mulimuli ki tana ʼu akonaki.

[Paki ʼo te pasina 27]

Neʼe fakafeagai ia Lutelo ki te fakatau ʼo te ʼu ʼitulisesia

[Haʼuʼaga ʼo te paki]

Mit freundlicher Genehmigung: Wartburg-Stiftung

[Paki ʼo te pasina 28]

Neʼe mole fia fetogi e Lutelo tana tonu, gata pe mo kapau ʼe fakamoʼoni age mai te Tohi-Tapu e tona ʼu fili neʼe hala ia ia

[Haʼuʼaga ʼo te paki]

From the book The Story of Liberty, 1878

[Paki ʼo te pasina 29]

Te kogafale ʼo Lutelo ʼi te foʼi tule ʼo Wartburg ʼaē neʼe ina fakaliliu ai te Tohi-Tapu

[Haʼuʼaga ʼo te paki]

Both images: Mit freundlicher Genehmigung: Wartburg-Stiftung

[Haʼuʼaga ʼo te paki ʼo te pasina 26]

From the book Martin Luther The Reformer; 3rd Edition, published by Toronto Willard Tract Depository, Toronto, Ontario

[Haʼuʼaga ʼo te paki ʼi te pasina 30]

From the book The History of Protestantism (Vol. I)