“Ko He Mahino Lelei” Ki Te Tohi-Tapu Mai Te Tānakiʼaga Tohi ʼĀfea ʼo Lusia

KO TE ʼu tagata popoto e toko lua neʼe nā kumi te ʼu Tohi-Tapu ʼāfea. Neʼe nā tahi ʼolo ʼi tona ʼala, ʼo fakalaka ʼi te ʼu toafa pea mo fai te ʼu kumi ʼi te ʼu ʼana, ʼi te ʼu monasetelio, pea mo te ʼu nofoʼaga ʼāfea ʼaē neʼe fakatuʼu ʼi te ʼu mata maka. ʼI te ʼu taʼu ki muli age, neʼe nā felāveʼi ʼi te tānakiʼaga tohi ʼāfea ʼo Lusia, ʼaē neʼe hoki maʼu ai te ʼu Tohi-Tapu maʼuhiga ʼaupito ʼi te malamanei. Ko ai te ʼu tagata ʼaia? Neʼe aʼu feafeaʼi mai te ʼu koloā ʼaia ki Lusia?

ʼE Fakamoʼoni Te ʼu Tohi ʼĀfea Ki Te Folafola ʼa Te ʼAtua

Ke tou ʼiloʼi he tahi ʼo te ʼu tagata popoto ʼaia e toko lua, ʼe tonu muʼa ke tou liliu ki te kamataʼaga ʼo te 19 sēkulō ʼi te temi ʼaē neʼe mafola ai ʼi Eulopa kātoa ia te ʼu fetogi ʼo te poto fakatagata. Ko te kupu “Mālamagia” ʼe fakaʼaogaʼi moʼo fakaʼiloga te temi ʼaia ʼo te tuputupu ʼi te ʼu meʼa fakapoto lalahi pea mo te ʼu meʼa faka agaʼi fenua, ʼaē neʼe ina uga te lotolotolua ʼo ʼuhiga mo te ʼu meʼa ʼo te temi muʼa ʼaē neʼe faka tui kiai te hahaʼi. Ko te hahaʼi ʼaē ʼe nātou valoki te Tohi-Tapu, neʼe nātou faigaʼi ke nātou fakavaivaiʼi te tui ʼa te hahaʼi ki te ʼu moʼoni ʼo te tohi ʼaia. ʼI tona fakahagatonu, neʼe fakahā e te kau tagata popoto tanatou mole tui ki te moʼoni ʼo te koga tohi ʼo te Tohi-Tapu.

Kae neʼe mahino kiā nātou ʼaē neʼe lagolago mālohi ki te Tohi-Tapu ko te ʼu tohi ʼaia ka maʼu​—ko te ʼu Tohi-Tapu ʼāfea neʼe mole heʼeki maʼu— ʼe nātou fakahā fakalelei anai te moʼoni ʼo te Folafola ʼa te ʼAtua. Kapau ʼe maʼu he ʼu tohi ʼe ʼāfea age ʼi te ʼu tohi ʼaē ʼe maʼu, ʼe mahino ia ʼe nātou fakahā lelei anai te maʼa ʼo te ʼu koga tohi ʼo te Tohi-Tapu, logola te ʼu faiga liuliuga ʼaē ke pulihi pea mo fulihi ʼo te logo ʼaē ʼe tuʼu ai. Ko te ʼu tohi ʼaia, ʼe toe feala ke nātou fakahā te ʼu vaega ʼaē neʼe hala tona fakaliliu.

Ko te ʼu talaga ʼaē neʼe kovi ʼaupito ʼo ʼuhiga mo te moʼoni ʼo te Tohi-Tapu neʼe hoko ʼi Siamani. ʼI ai neʼe ʼi ai te polofesea kei tūpulaga neʼe mavae mai tona maʼuli fīmālie, kae folau ʼo aʼu ai ki tana maʼu te ʼu Tohi-Tapu ʼaē ʼe maʼuhiga ʼaupito ʼi te ʼu temi fuli. ʼE higoa te tagata ʼaia ko Konstantin von Tischendorf, ko te tagata sivi Tohi-Tapu neʼe mole tali e te ʼu hahaʼi ʼaē ʼe nātou valoki ia te Tohi-Tapu, pea neʼe liliu ko he tagata maʼuhiga ʼi tana lagolago mālohi ki te Tohi-Tapu. Ko tana ʼuluaki folau ki te toafa ʼo Sinai ʼi te taʼu 1844 neʼe fua lelei. ʼI te monasetelio, neʼe sio ki te pupele ʼe tuku ai te tohi ʼāfea ʼo te Septante​—ko te hoki maʼu ʼaia ʼo te fakaliliu faka Keleka ʼāfea ʼaupito ʼo te ʼu Koga Tohi Faka Hepeleo!

ʼI tana fiafia, neʼe ina ʼave te koga tohi ko ʼona lauʼi pepa e 43. Logope neʼe tui papau neʼe kei lahi age te ʼu koga ʼo te tohi ʼaia, kae ʼi tana toe liliu ki Sinai ʼi te taʼu 1853, neʼe ina lava pe te kiʼi koga veliveli ʼo te tohi ʼaia. Kae e feafeaʼi ki te ʼu koga tohi ʼaē? Neʼe mole kei ʼi ai hana paʼaga, koia neʼe kumi ai e Tischendorf he tahi ʼe maʼu koloā ke lagolago age ki ai, pea neʼe toe mavae ai ʼi tona fenua ke ʼalu ʼo kumi he ʼu tohi ʼāfea. Kae ʼi muʼa ʼo tana ʼalu ʼaia, neʼe ina kole ki te pule ʼo Lusia ke lagolago age ki tana fakatuʼutuʼu.

Neʼe Leleiʼia e Te Hau ʼo Lusia Ia Te Fakatuʼutuʼu ʼAia

Ko Tischendorf neʼe ko he tagata poto Polotesita, koia neʼe feʼekeʼaki peʼe tali feafeaʼi anai ia ia ʼi Lusia, ʼaē ko he fenua neʼe Lotu Orthodoxe. Kae meʼa lelei, neʼe kua hoko te fetogi ʼi te fenua. Neʼe faka maʼuhigaʼi ia te poto koia ʼaē neʼe iku ai ki te Tānakiʼaga Tohi Faka Hau ʼi Saint-Pétersbourg ʼi te taʼu 1795, e te Fineʼaliki ko Catherine 2 (ʼaē ʼe toe ʼiloa foki ʼi tona higoa ko Catherine la Grande). Ko te ʼuluaki tānakiʼaga tohi ʼaia neʼe fakagafua ki te hahaʼi, ʼo maʼu lahi ai te ʼu tohi neʼe feala ke lau e te toko lauʼi miliona hahaʼi.

Logola neʼe kau ki te ʼu tānakiʼaga tohi maʼuhiga ʼaupito ʼi Eulopa, kae neʼe ʼi ai te faʼahi neʼe tōtō ai te Tānakiʼaga Tohi Faka Hau. Hili te ʼu taʼu e nimagofulu ʼo te ʼosi fakatuʼu ʼo te tānakiʼaga tohi, neʼe ko te ʼu tohi faka Hepeleo pe e ono neʼe maʼu ai. Neʼe mole feʼauga moʼo uga te hahaʼi ʼo Lusia ke nātou fia mahino ki te ʼu lea ʼo te Tohi-Tapu ʼo feiā mo tonatou ʼu fakaliliu. Neʼe fekauʼi ai e Catherine 2 ia te kau tagata popoto ke nātou ʼolo ki te ʼu univelesitē ʼo Eulopa ke nātou ako ai te lea faka Hepeleo. ʼI te liliu mai ʼo te kau tagata popoto ʼaia, neʼe fai te ʼu ako ki te ʼu lea faka Hepeleo ʼi te ʼu seminalio Orthodoxe Lusia, pea neʼe kamata ai leva ia te fai fakaliliu totonu ʼo te Tohi-Tapu mai te faka Hepeleo ʼāfea ki te lea faka Lusia. Kae neʼe mole lahi hanatou paʼaga moʼo fai ia te gāue ʼaia pea neʼe fakafeagai kia nātou ia te kau takitaki lotu ʼaē neʼe nātou taupau mālohi te ʼu tauhi lotu ʼāfea. Neʼe mole heʼeki hoko mai te temi ʼaē neʼe tonu ke kaku ai te mālamagia moʼoni ki te hahaʼi ʼaē ʼe nātou kumi te ʼatamai mālama ʼo te Tohi-Tapu.

Neʼe mahino te hau ko Alexandre 2 ki te maʼuhiga ʼo te gāue ʼa Tischendorf, pea neʼe ina fakatuʼutuʼu ke ina totogi te gāue ʼaia. Logola “te fakafeagai pea mo te maheka ʼaupito” ʼa ʼihi, kae neʼe toe liliu mai ia Tischendorf mai Sinai mo te ʼu toega ʼo te tohi ʼo te Septante.a Ki muli age neʼe fakahigoaʼi ko te Codex Sinaïticus pea ʼe kei kau ʼi te ʼu tohi ʼāfea ʼaupito ʼo te Tohi-Tapu ʼaē ʼe kei maʼu ia ʼaho nei. ʼI tana liliu ki Saint-Pétersbourg, neʼe ʼalu fakavilivili ki te ʼapi ʼo te hau, ia te Fale Faka Hau Ki Te Temi Nive. Neʼe ina kole ki te hau ke lagolago age ki “te fakatuʼutuʼu lahi ʼo ʼuhiga mo te sivi pea mo te ako ʼo te Tohi-Tapu”​—ko he tohi ʼe talanoa ai ki te ʼu takaiga tohi ʼaē neʼe hoki maʼu, ʼaē ki muli age neʼe fetuku ki te Tānakiʼaga Tohi ʼo te Hau. Neʼe tali lelei e te hau, pea ʼi tana fiafia lahi neʼe tohi fēnei e Tischendorf: “Neʼe foaki mai e te ʼAtua ki totatou temi . . . ia te Tohi-Tapu ʼo Sinai, ke tou mahino lelei pea mo kātoa ki tona ʼuhiga totonu ʼo te Folafola moʼoni ʼa te ʼAtua, pea mo tokoni mai kiā tatou ke tou hāofaki te moʼoni ʼaki he fai fakaliliu moʼoni.”

He ʼu Koloā Faka Tohi-Tapu Mai Crimée

ʼI te kamataʼaga ʼo te alatike, neʼe tou palalau ʼo ʼuhiga mo te tahi tagata poto neʼe ina kumi te ʼu koloā faka Tohi-Tapu. Neʼe ko ai te tagata ʼaia? ʼI te ʼu taʼu ʼi muʼa ʼo te toe liliu ʼa Tischendorf ki Lusia, neʼe hoko te meʼa fakapunamaʼuli, he neʼe foaki ki te Tānakiʼaga Tohi Faka Hau ia te tuʼuga tohi neʼe fia ʼiloʼi e te hau pea mo te kau tagata popoto mai Eulopa kātoa. Neʼe nātou punamaʼuli ki te meʼa ʼaē neʼe nātou sio kiai. Neʼe ko te ʼu tuʼuga takaiga tohi ʼāfea mo te tahi ʼu meʼa. Neʼe fakatahiʼi ko tohi e 2 412, mo te ʼu takaiga tohi pea mo te ʼu tohi neʼe hiki nima e 975. ʼI te ʼu tohi ʼaia, neʼe ʼi ai te ʼu Tohi-Tapu e 45 neʼe hiki nima ʼi muʼa ʼo te hogofulu sēkulō. Ko te ʼu tohi fuli ʼaia neʼe tānaki nima e te tagata e tahi ʼe higoa ko Abraham Firkovich, ko he tagata poto Karaïte neʼe kua taʼu 70 tupu. Kae neʼe ko ai koa te kau Karaïtes?b

Neʼe fia ʼiloʼi e te hau ia te tali ki te fehuʼi ʼaia. He neʼe ʼeke e Lusia tona ʼu tuʼakoi ke kaku ki te telituale neʼe maʼu ʼāfea atu e te tahi ʼu puleʼaga. Neʼe fakapipiki mai ki te puleʼaga Lusia ia te tahi hahaʼi ʼo te tahi lanu. Ko te potu fenua matalelei ʼo Crimée, ʼaē ʼe tuʼu ʼi te ʼu kauvai ʼo te Tai ʼUli, neʼe nofoʼi e te hahaʼi neʼe hage ko he kau Sutea kae neʼe nātou fai te ʼu agaʼi fenua ʼa te kau Tulukia pea neʼe tatau tanatou lea mo te lea faka Tatar. Neʼe lau e te kau Karaïtes ʼe nātou hifo mai te kau Sutea ʼaē neʼe ʼaunofo ʼi Papiloni, ʼi te hili ʼo te fakaʼauha ʼo Selusalemi ʼi te taʼu 607 ʼi muʼa ʼo totatou temi. Kae neʼe mole tatau te kau Karaïtes mo te kau Lapi Sutea, he neʼe nātou lītuʼa ki te Talmud, kae nātou faka maʼuhigaʼi te lau ʼo te Tohi-Tapu. Ko te kau Karaïtes ʼo Crimée neʼe nātou fia fakahā ki te hau tanatou kehekehe mo te kau Sutea Lapi, pea ke fakakeheʼi ia nātou mai te kau Sutea ʼaia. ʼI tanatou fakahā te ʼu tohi ʼāfea ʼaē neʼe maʼu e te kau Karaïtes, neʼe nātou fakaʼamu ke nātou fakamoʼoni ʼaki ai tonatou haʼuʼaga mai te kau Sutea ʼaē neʼe ʼolo ʼo nonofo ʼi Crimée ʼi tanatou ʼosi ʼaunofo ʼi Papiloni.

ʼI te kumi e Firkovich ia te ʼu takaiga tohi ʼāfea, neʼe ina kamata ʼi te ʼu nofoʼaga ʼāfea ʼi te ʼu mata maka ʼo Crimée ʼo Chufut-Kale. Ko te ʼu tāʼiake ʼo te kau Karaïtes neʼe nātou nonofo pea mo tauhi ai ʼi te ʼu kiʼi nofoʼaga veliveli ʼaia ʼaē neʼe tuʼu ʼi te maka pea neʼe keli ʼi te ʼu vanu. Neʼe mole he temi neʼe maumauʼi ai e te kau Karaïtes ia te ʼu hiki tohi ʼāfea ʼaupito ʼo te Tohi-Tapu ʼaē neʼe tuʼu ai he huafa ʼo te ʼAtua, ʼaē ko Sehova, koteʼuhi maʼa nātou neʼe ko he agatuʼu ia. Ko te ʼu takaiga tohi neʼe tuku fakalelei ʼi te tānakiʼaga tohi veliveli neʼe fakahigoaʼi ko te guénizah, ko tona faka ʼuhiga ʼi te Faka Hepeleo “ko he fufūʼaga.” Mai te ʼaluʼaga ʼaē neʼe fakaʼapaʼapa lahi te kau Karaïtes ki te huafa ʼo te ʼAtua, koia neʼe tahitahiga te tufa ʼo te ʼu taʼi tohi ʼaia.

Neʼe kumikumi fakalelei e Firkovich ia te tuʼuʼaga ʼo te ʼu guénizah ʼaē neʼe tanumia kua hili kiai taʼu e teau tupu. ʼI te tahi tukuʼaga meʼa neʼe ina maʼu te takaiga tohi ʼiloa neʼe tohi ʼi te taʼu 916 ʼo totatou temi. Kua fakahigoaʼi nei ko te Codex de St-Pétersbourg des derniers prophètes, pea ʼe kau ki te ʼu hiki tohi ʼāfea ʼaupito ʼo te ʼu Koga Tohi Faka Hepeleo ʼaē ʼe kei maʼu ia ʼaho nei.

Neʼe fakatuʼutuʼu e Firkovich ke ina tānaki he ʼu tuʼuga tohi, pea ʼi te taʼu 1859 neʼe ina fakatotonu ai ke ina foaki te ʼu tuʼuga tohi ʼaia ki te Tānakiʼaga Tohi Faka Hau. ʼI te taʼu 1862, neʼe tokoni ia Alexandre 2 ki te totogi ʼo te ʼu tuʼuga tohi ʼaia ʼaki te toe paʼaga: ko te 125 000 roubles. ʼI te temi ʼaia, ʼi te taʼu fuli ko te paʼaga ʼaē neʼe fakaʼaogaʼi e te tānakiʼaga tohi moʼo totogi he ʼu tohi neʼe ko te 10 000. ʼI te ʼu takaiga tohi ʼaia neʼe totogi neʼe kau ai te tohi ʼiloa ʼaē ko te Codex de Leningrad (B 19^A). Neʼe fai te tohi ʼaia ʼi te taʼu 1008 pea ʼe ko te tohi kātoa ʼo te ʼu Koga Tohi Faka Hepeleo ʼe ʼāfea ʼaupito ʼi te malamanei. Neʼe ʼui e te tahi tagata poto, ʼe “mahalo ia ʼe ko te tohi maʼuhiga ʼaupito ʼaia ʼo te Tohi-Tapu, koteʼuhi ʼe tuʼu ai te sivi ʼo te temi nei ʼo te ʼu tohi ʼo te Tohi-Tapu faka Hepeleo.” (Vakaʼi te fakamatala ʼaē ʼe ʼātakai ʼi te pasina pe ʼaenī.) ʼI te taʼu pe ʼaia, ʼi te taʼu 1862, neʼe fiafia ia te hahaʼi fuli, he neʼe tā e Tischendorf ia te Codex Sinaïticus.

Ko He Mālamagia Fakalaumālie ʼi Te Temi Nei

ʼE tuku nei ʼi te Tānakiʼaga Tohi Faka Puleʼaga ʼo Lusia, ia te ʼu tuʼuga tohi ʼāfea ʼaupito pea mo lahi ʼaupito ʼaē ʼe maʼu ʼi te malamanei.c Lolotoga sēkulō e lua, neʼe ʼiloga te hisitolia ʼo Lusia ʼi te fetogi tuʼa fitu ʼo te higoa ʼo te tānakiʼaga tohi. Ko te higoa ʼiloa ʼo te tānakiʼaga tohi ʼaia, ʼe ko te Tānakiʼaga Tohi ʼo Saltykov-Shchedrin ʼaē ʼe ava ki te kaugamālie. Logola neʼe mole hāo kātoa ia te tānakiʼaga tohi ʼi te ʼu maveuveu ʼo te 20 sēkulō, kae neʼe hāofaki tona ʼu tohi ʼāfea mai te ʼu tau faka malamanei e lua pea mo te ʼohofi ʼo te kolo ko Leningrad. Koteā te ʼaoga ʼo te ʼu tohi ʼāfea ʼaia kiā tatou?

ʼE lahi te ʼu fakaliliu Tohi-Tapu ʼi te temi nei ʼe fakatafito ki te ʼu tohi ʼāfea ʼaia ʼe tou lava falala kiai. ʼE nātou faka fealagia kiā nātou ʼaē ʼe nātou kumi fakamalotoloto te moʼoni, ke nātou maʼu he Tohi-Tapu ʼe lelei ʼaupito tona fakaliliu. Ko te ʼu tohi ʼo te Codex Sinaïticus pea mo te Codex de Leningrad neʼe ʼaoga ʼaupito ki te fakaliliu ʼo te Les Saintes Écritures ​— Traduction du monde nouveau, ʼaē neʼe tā e te kau Fakamoʼoni ʼa Sehova pea neʼe maʼu kātoa te Tohi-Tapu ʼaia ʼi te taʼu 1961. Ohage foki ko te tohi Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia pea mo te tohi Biblia Hebraica ʼa Kittel ʼaē neʼe fakaʼaogaʼi te Komite Fai Fakaliliu ʼo te Traduction du monde nouveau, ʼe fakatafito ki te Codex de Leningrad, pea ʼi te tohi ʼāfea ʼaia, ʼe fakaʼaogaʼi tuʼa 6 828 ia te huafa ʼo te ʼAtua.

Tokosiʼi te hahaʼi lau Tohi-Tapu ʼe nātou loto fakafetaʼi ki te tānakiʼaga tohi ʼo St-Pétersbourg pea mo tana ʼu tohi ʼāfea, ʼaē ko ʼihi tohi ʼe fakahigoaʼi ki te higoa ʼāfea ʼo te kolo, ko Leningrad. Kae ʼe maʼua tāfito ke tou loto fakafetaʼi ki te Haʼuʼaga ʼo te Tohi-Tapu, ia Sehova, ʼaē ʼe ina foaki mai te mālama fakalaumālie. Koia ʼaē neʼe kolekole fēnei ai e te tagata fai pesalemo: “Foaki mai tou mālama pea mo tau moʼoni. Ke nā taki tonu kiā te au!”​—Pesalemo 43:⁠3.

[Kiʼi nota]

[Talanoa ʼo te pasina 13]

KUA ʼILOA TE HUAFA ʼO TE ʼATUA PEA MO FAKAʼAOGAʼI

ʼAki tona poto, neʼe tokaga ia Sehova ki tana Folafola, ia te Tohi-Tapu, ke hāofaki ʼo aʼu mai ki te temi nei. Lolotoga ni ʼu sēkulō, neʼe gāue lelei ia te kau sikalaipe moʼona hāofaki. Ko nātou ʼaē neʼe tokaga ʼaupito ki te gāue ʼaia, neʼe ko te kau Massorètes, ko te kau sikalaipe Hepeleo faiva neʼe nātou gāue mai te ono sēkulō ki te hogofulu sēkulō ʼo totatou temi. Neʼe mole tohi te ʼu voaiele ʼi te faka Hepeleo ʼāfea. ʼAki te temi, neʼe faka tuʼania te mole ʼiloʼi ʼo te puʼaki totonu ʼo te ʼu kupuʼi palalau, he neʼe fetogi te faka Hepeleo e te faka Alamea. Koia neʼe faʼu ai leva e te kau Massorètes ia te faʼahiga faitohi ʼe hilifaki kiai te ʼu puani voaiele ki te koga tohi ʼo te Tohi-Tapu, ke feala ki te kau lautohi ke nātou ʼiloʼi ia te puʼaki totonu ʼo te ʼu kupuʼi palalau Faka Hepeleo.

Koia ʼe fakaʼiloga e te ʼu puani voaiele ʼaē neʼe hilifaki e te kau Massorètes ʼi te Codex de Leningrad, ia te puʼaki ʼo te Tetalakalame​—ko te ʼu kosone Hepeleo e fā moʼo tohi ʼaki te huafa ʼo te ʼAtua​—Yehwah, Yehwih pea mo Yehowah. ʼI te temi nei, ko te huafa ʼaē ko “Sehova” ʼe ko ia ʼaē kua lahi tona toʼo e te hahaʼi. Ko te huafa ʼo te ʼAtua neʼe ko he kupu neʼe fakaʼaogaʼi pea neʼe māhani kiai ia te hahaʼi ʼaē neʼe nātou tohi ia te Tohi-Tapu pea mo ʼihi hahaʼi ʼo te temi muʼa. Ia ʼaho nei, kua ʼiloʼi te huafa ʼo te ʼAtua pea kua fakaʼaogaʼi e te laʼui miliona hahaʼi ʼaē ʼe nātou fakamoʼoni ‘ ʼe ko Sehova te Māʼoluga ʼAupito ʼi te kele kātoa.’​—Pesalemo 83:⁠18.

[Paki ʼo te pasina 10]

Te koga fale ʼi te Tānakiʼaga Tohi Faka Puleʼaga ʼe tuku ai te ʼu tohi ʼāfea

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Te Fineʼaliki ko Catherine 2

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Ko Konstantin von Tischendorf (ʼi lotomālie) pea mo Alexandre 2, te hau ʼo Lusia

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Ko Abraham Firkovich

[Haʼuʼaga ʼo te paki pasina 10]

Both images: National Library of Russia, St. Petersburg

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Catherine II: National Library of Russia, St. Petersburg; Alexander II: From the book Spamers Illustrierte Weltgeschichte, Leipzig, 1898