Imbono YeBhayibhile
Ngaba “ITestamente Entsha” Ichasene NamaYuda?
UMSHUMAYELI waseMerika wakha wathi: “Amaziko ecawa aye ona ukutyhubela imbali yawo yaye anokuninzi amele aphendule ngako ngemini yoMgwebo, ngokukodwa ngokuchasa kwawo amaYuda okuqhubekayo.”
Kutheni ukuchaswa kwamaYuda kunembali ende nembi ngolo hlobo, kuzingisile kwanakule nkulungwane yama-20? Bambi babek’ ityala kwiZibhalo zamaKristu zesiGrike, ezifane zibizwe ngokuba yiTestamente Entsha. Ngokomzekelo, uKrister Stendahl, intloko yeSikolo Sobuthixo saseHarvard, wathi: “Isibakala sokuba . . . izinto ezibhalwe kwiTestamente Entsha ziye zasebenza njengomyalelo ovela ‘kuThixo’ wentiyo nxamnye namaYuda siyinto eyaziwayo yaye sisibakala esamkelwa ngokubanzi.” Nangona oku kusenokuba kwamkelwe ngokubanzi, ngaba ngokwenene kuyinyaniso?
Ngubani Owayebekek’ Ityala Ngokufa KukaYesu?
Esinye isicatshulwa esicatshulwe ngokufuthi njengobungqina bokuchaswa kwamaYuda “yiTestamente Entsha” nguMateyu 27:15-25. Apho sixelelwa ukuba isihlwele samaYuda sanyanzelela irhuluneli yamaRoma uPontiyo Pilato ukuba ibethelele uYesu emthini, sada sankqangaza sisithi: “Igazi lakhe malibe phezu kwethu, naphezu kwabantwana bethu.” Ngaba “iTestamente Entsha” apho yayifundisa ukuba onke amaYuda enkulungwane yokuqala ayenetyala ngokufa kukaYesu nokuba onke amaYuda ukususela ngoko afanele aziwe njengababulali bakaKristu?
Okokuqala, lwasabela njani uninzi lwamaYuda kuYesu ebudeni bobulungiseleli bakhe? “ITestamente Entsha” ityhila ukuba uYesu wayethandwa kakhulu zizihlwele zamaYuda, ngokukodwa eGalili, apho ubukhulu becala ubulungiseleli bakhe wayebuphumeza khona. (Yohane 7:31; 8:30; 10:42; 11:45) Iintsuku nje ezintlanu ngaphambi kokubanjwa nokubulawa kwakhe, isihlwele samaYuda samamkela eYerusalem njengoMesiya.—Mateyu 21:6-11.
Ngoko, ngoobani ababefuna uYesu abulawe? “ITestamente Entsha” ibonisa ukuba uYesu wayengathandwa ngababingeleli abakhulu nangabaFarisi nabaSadusi abaninzi ngenxa yokuba walubhenca uhanahaniso lwabo. (Mateyu 21:33-46; 23:1-36)a UKayafa uMbingeleli Omkhulu wayengomnye wabachasi abaphambili bakaYesu. Alithandabuzeki elokuba waba buhlungu ngenxa yelahleko yemali awayifumanayo xa uYesu wayegxotha abananisi bemali etempileni. (Marko 11:15-18) Ukongezelela, uKayafa wayenoloyiko lokuba ukuthandwa kukaYesu sisihlwele samaYuda kwakuya kuthi ekugqibeleni kukhokelele ekuhlaselweni ngamaRoma nasekuphelelweni kwakhe lulawulo. (Yohane 11:45-53) Ngaloo ndlela, ababingeleli abakhulu nezinye iinkokeli zonqulo zenza iyelenqe lokubulala uYesu zaza zamsa enkundleni yamaRoma ukuze abulawe. (Mateyu 27:1, 2; Marko 15:1; Luka 22:66–23:1) Hayi indlela ekungeyonyaniso ngayo ukuba ukuthandwa kukaYesu zizihlwele zamaYuda kwakhokelela ekubulaweni kwakhe!
Ukuba uYesu wayethandwa, sasinokunkqangaza njani isihlwele samaYuda ukuba abulawe? Ekubeni uninzi lwabaxhasi bakaYesu yayingamaGalili, kunokwenzeka ukuba isihlwele esasimfuna efile ubukhulu becala yayingamaYuda. AmaGalili ngokwemvelo ayetyekele ekubeni ngabantu abanobubele, abathobekileyo nabathetha phandle, ngoxa amaYuda ayetyekele ekubeni ngabantu abanekratshi, abazizityebi nabafunde kakhulu, ingakumbi eYerusalem. Okubalulekileyo kukuba, uMateyu utyhila ukuba isihlwele saxhokonkxwa ‘ngababingeleli abakhulu namadoda amakhulu.’ (Mateyu 27:20) Bubuphi ubuxoki abasenokuba babuxelela isihlwele ukuze basivuselele ngale ndlela? Ngaba yayibubuxoki ababusasaza ngaphambilana ngomhla wokuvavanywa kwetyala likaYesu nababuphindayo ebudeni bokubulawa kukaYesu, bokuba, uYesu wathi uza kuyitshabalalisa itempile?—Marko 14:57, 58; 15:29.b
Ukuphenduliswa Kwabantu?
Ukuba esi sihlwele samaYuda sasingengobantu abangamaYuda bephela, kwakutheni ukuze umpostile uPetros, xa wayethetha kwisihlwele esikhulu samaYuda esasihlanganisene eYerusalem iintsuku ezingama-50 kamva kuMthendeleko Weeveki athi: “Namthabatha [uYesu] ngezandla zabachasene nomthetho, nambethelela [emthini, NW]”? (IZenzo 2:22, 23) Ngokuqinisekileyo uPetros wayesazi ukuba uninzi lwabo lwalunento yokwenza neziganeko ezakhokelela ekubulaweni kukaYesu. Ngoko, wayethetha ukuthini uPetros?
Ngokutsho kweZibhalo, ukubulala okungacanyagushelwanga kwakuzisa ityala kungekhona kumbulali nje kuphela kodwa kwanakubantu abaye basilela ukumeyisela ekwenzeni okusesikweni. (Duteronomi 21:1-9) Ngokomzekelo, ngasihlandlo sithile lonke uhlanga lakwaBhenjamin lwagwetywa njengolunetyala legazi ngenxa yokusilela ukohlwaya iqela lababulali ababephakathi kwalo. Nangona iqela elininzi lolo hlanga lalingabandakanyekanga ngokuthe ngqo ekubulaleni, ngokunyamezela olu lwaphulo-mthetho, babeluqwabazel’ iliso yaye ngaloo ndlela beva intlungu yokuphendula. (ABagwebi 20:8-48) Enyanisweni, kwabonakala ukuba “ukuthula kwathetha ukwaneliseka.”
Ngendlela efanayo, uhlanga lwamaYuda lwenkulungwane yokuqala lwavumelana nolwaphulo-mthetho lweenkokeli zalo ezinetyala legazi. Ngokunyamezela izenzo zokubulala zababingeleli abakhulu nabaFarisi, lonke uhlanga lwaba nesabelo kweso sono. Alithandabuzeki elokuba esi yayisisizathu sokuba uPetros athethe nabaphulaphuli abangamaYuda ukuba babonakalise ukuzohlwaya.c
Yaba yintoni imiphumo yokungavunywa okunjalo kukaYesu njengoMesiya? UYesu wathi ngesixeko saseYerusalem: “Yabonani, indlu yenu [itempile] ishiywa nani ize.” (Mateyu 23:37, 38) Ewe, uThixo wayisusa inkuselo yakhe, yaye kamva imikhosi yamaRoma yayitshabalalisa iYerusalem netempile yayo. Kanye njengoko intsapho yendoda ethile inokuva imiphumo xa ichithachitha konke enako, ukulahlekelwa yinkuselo kaThixo akuzange kuviwe kuphela ngabo babelilela ukufa kukaYesu kodwa kwaneentsapho zabo ngokufanayo. Ngokwale ngqiqo igazi likaYesu laba phezu kwabo nabantwana babo.—Mateyu 27:25.
Noko ke, akukho ngxelo “kwiTestamente Entsha” echaza ukuba izizukulwana zamaYuda ezaziya kulandela zaziya kuba netyala elikhethekileyo ngokufa kukaYesu. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ngenxa yokuba wathanda ukhokho wabo uAbraham, uThixo wanikela ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kumaYuda, ewanika ithuba lokuqala lokuba abe ngamaKristu. (IZenzo 3:25, 26; 13:46; Roma 1:16; 11:28) Xa eli thuba ekugqibeleni lathi lolulelwa kwabangengomaYuda, uThixo wayeka ukuqhubana naye nabani na ngezizathu zemvelaphi yobuhlanga. UPetros wathi: “Ndiyaqiqa okwenyaniso ukuba uThixo akamkhethi wabuso bamntu; kwiintlanga zonke, lowo umoyikayo, asebenze ubulungisa, wamkelekile kuye.” (IZenzo 10:34, 35) Kamva umpostile uPawulos kamva wabhala: “Kuba akukho kwahluka kwamYuda namGrike.” (Roma 10:12) Ngoko phambi koThixo amaYuda ayenokuma okufanayo nabo bangengomaYuda, yaye oko kusenjalo nanamhlanje.—Thelekisa uHezekile 18:20.
Kutheni Kukho Ukuchaswa KwamaYuda KwiNgqobhoko?
Ngoko ke kunokubonwa ukuba “iTestamente Entsha” ayiwachasanga amaYuda. Kunoko, “iTestamente Entsha” inikela ingxelo yeemfundiso zendoda eyaphila yaza yafa njengomYuda neyafundisa abalandeli bayo abangamaYuda ukuhlonela iinjongo zoMthetho kaMoses. (Mateyu 5:17-19) Kodwa ukuba “iTestamente Entsha” ayimele ibekw’ ityala, kutheni kusoloko kukho ukuchaswa kwamaYuda okuzingisileyo kwiNgqobhoko?
UbuKristu abubekek’ ityala. Ngendlela efanayo naleyo yamaKristu obuxoki ngexesha likaYuda ‘ababelujikela eburheletyweni ubabalo lukaThixo wethu,’ abo bazibiza ngokuba bangamaKristu ukutyhubela imbali baye batsalela igama likaKristu kumgxobhozo wokuba nomkhethe nocalucalulo. (Yuda 4) Ngaloo ndlela, ukuchaswa kwamaYuda yiNgqobhoko kuye kwabangelwa likratshi lomkhethe kubantu abangamaKristu ngegama kuphela.
Okubangel’ umdla kukuba, uYesu waxela kwangaphambili ukuba abanye babeya kuzibanga bengabenze zonke iindidi zemisebenzi yamandla egameni lakhe kodwa enyanisweni babeya kuba ‘benze okuchasene nomthetho’—bengengabo abahlobo bakhe! (Mateyu 7:21-23) Uninzi lwaba luye lwazama ukusebenzisa “iTestamente Entsha” njengesingxengxezo sentiyo nokuba nomkhethe kwabo, kodwa abantu abaqiqayo banokubona ngaphaya kolo hanahaniso lufihliweyo.
AmaKristu obuxoki aya kuphendula kuThixo ngenxa yokuchasa kwawo amaYuda. Kodwa kanye njengoko ubukho bemali yobuxoki bungabuphelisi ubukho bemali yokwenyaniso, ubukho bamaKristu enkohliso abuyinciphisi nangayiphi na indlela inyaniso yokuba, ngokwenene, akho amaKristu okwenyaniso, abantu abaziwayo ngothando lwabo, ingekukho ukuba nomkhethe. Kutheni ungaziqhelanisi nabantu abanjalo kwiHolo yoBukumkani yamaNgqina kaYehova ekufutshane nawe?
[Imibhalo esemazantsi]
a Umbhali-mbali wenkulungwane yokuqala ongumYuda uJoseph ben Matthias (Flavius Josephus) unikela ingxelo yokuba ngelo xesha, ababingeleli abakhulu bakwaSirayeli babesonyulwa baze basuswe esikhundleni ngamagosa aseRoma ngokufuthi kanye ngonyaka. Kule meko, ububingeleli obukhulu baphelelwa baza baba sisikhundla sokunyoluka esatsala amalungu awonakeleyo abantu. IThe Babylonian Talmud inikela ubungqina obubhalwe phantsi bezenzo ezingabadeleyo zokuziphatha zabathile kwaba babingeleli. (Pesaḥim 57a) Ngokukwanjalo iTalmud iphawula ukutyekela kwabaFarisi kuhanahaniso. (Soṭah 22b)
b Enyanisweni uYesu wathi kubachasi bakhe: “Yichitheni le tempile, mna ke ndiya kuyivusa ngeentsuku ezintathu.” (Yohane 2:19-22) Kodwa njengoko uYohane ebonisa, uYesu wayebhekisa, kungekhona kwitempile yaseYerusalem, kodwa “kwitempile yomzimba wakhe.” Ngale ndlela uYesu wayethelekisa ukufa nokuvuka kwakhe awayekulindele kunye nokutshatyalaliswa nokwakhiwa kwakhona kwesakhiwo.—Thelekisa uMateyu 16:21.
c Imbopheleleko efanayo iye yaphawuleka kumaxesha anamhlanje. Asingabo bonke abemi beJamani yamaNazi ababebandakanyeke ngokuthe ngqo kwizenzo zenkohlakalo. Sekunjalo, iJamani yabekek’ ityala ngabantu bayo yaye ngokuzithandela yakhetha ukubuyekeza amaxhoba entshutshiso yamaNazi.
[Amagama acatshulweyo akwiphepha 13]
Ukuchaswa kwamaYuda kwiNgqobhoko kwenziwa ngabantu abangamaKristu nje ngegama
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 11]
UYesu okanye abafundi bakhe abazange bakukhuthaze ukuchaswa kwamaYuda