Lalinjani Ihlabathi Kuma-50 Eminyaka Eyadlulayo?
NGABA umdala ngokwaneleyo ukukhumbula ukuba lalinjani na ihlabathi ngowe-1945? Lalisazikhotha amanxeba eMfazwe Yehlabathi II eyaqalisa ngowe-1939 xa iBritani neFransi zafun’ undikho kwiJamani ngenxa yokuhlasela kwamaNazi iPoland. Ukuba umncinane gqitha ukuba ungakukhumbula oko, uyayikhumbula na imfazwe yaseKorea eyaqhambuka ngowe-1950? Okanye imfazwe yaseVietnam eyaliwa ukususela kwiminyaka yee-1950 de kwangowe-1975? Okanye imfazwe yaseKuwait eyaxhokonxwa yi-Iraq ngowe-1990?
Ngaba ayikuchukumisi into yokuba xa sihlolisisa imbali ukususela kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II, kuye kuthi qatha iimfazwe ezininzi ngakumbi eziye zabangela ubugxwayiba nokubandezeleka kwizigidi zabantu neziye zatshabalalisa ubomi bezinye izigidi? IMfazwe Yehlabathi II yabashiya nantoni abantu emva apho?
Imiphumo YeMfazwe Yehlabathi II
Abantu abanokuba zizigidi ezingama-50 babulawa kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II, yaye ngowe-1945, izigidi zeembacu zazibhadula kuyo yonke iYurophu zizama ukubuyela emakhaya kwizixeko needolophu ezidlavulwe ziibhombu nokuze zakhe kwakhona ubomi bazo obabudlakazekile. Amakhulu amawaka abafazi neentombi, ngokukodwa eRashiya naseJamani, ayezama ukuchacha kwintlungu yokudlwengulwa yimikhosi eyayihlasela. Kwinkoliso yamazwe aseYurophu kwakuxhaphakile ukuphila ngomxhesho—ukudla nempahla yokunxiba kwakunqongophele. Amakhulu amawaka amajoni awayekhululwe emkhosini ayefuna imisebenzi. Izigidi zabahlolokazi neenkedama zazisentlungwini yokuphulukana nabayeni nabazali bazo.
AmaYuda ayesazama ukwetyisa isibakala seNtlekele yokutshatyalaliswa kohlanga ngokubulawa kwezigidi zamanye amaYuda nesokuba ayengakwazi kusini na ukuvelisa izizukulwana ezilandelayo. Izigidi zabantu—abaseMerika, eBritani, eFransi, eJamani, eRashiya nezinye izizwe ezininzi—zafa kuloo mfazwe. Kwaphulukanwa nentaphane yeetalente nobuchule obahlukahlukeneyo ukuze kuhanjiselwe phambili izilangazelelo zobupolitika nezorhwebo zamagunya ehlabathi nabalawuli bawo.
Amazwe amaninzi ayedlakazwe kakhulu yiMfazwe Yehlabathi II kangangokuba into yokuqala eyayiphambili kuwo yayikukuphucula iimeko zoqoqosho. Kangangeminyaka eliqela emva kwemfazwe ukunqongophala kokudla kwakusaxhaphakile eYurophu. ISpeyin, nangona ngokomthetho yayingazange ibe nanxaxheba kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II, yayichatshazelwe kanobom yimfazwe yobukhaya (1936-39) nalukwayo kwezorhwebo—ukutya kwakufumaneka ngezixa eziqingqiweyo de kwangoJuni 1952.
KwiMpuma Ekude, iinkumbulo zezenzo zenkohlakalo zamaJapan zazisaqaqambile ezingqondweni zamaxhoba eBurma, eTshayina, kwiPhilippines nakwamanye amazwe aseMpuma. IUnited States, nangona yayililizwe eloyisileyo, yalahlekelwa ngabasebenzi bezomkhosi abanokuba ngama-300 000, malunga nesiqingatha saba safa kwimfazwe eyayikwimimandla yePasifiki. EJapan, abemi basekuhlaleni babethwaxwa bubuhlwempu, isifo sephepha nemikrozo emide befuna imixhesho yokutya.
Ikhwelo Elahlatywa NguChurchill
Kwintetho yayo yoloyiso eyayinikela kubantu baseBritani ngoMeyi 13, 1945, ekupheleni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II eYurophu, iNkulumbuso uWinston Churchill yathi: “Ndinga bendinganixelela ngobu busuku ukuba konke ukubulaleka neenkathazo zethu ziphelile. . . . Mandinilumkise . . . ngelokuba kusekuninzi ekufuneka kwenziwe, nokuba nimele nilungele imigudu engakumbi yengqondo nomzimba nokuncama okungakumbi ngenxa yeentshukumo ezibalulekileyo.” Ekhangele phambili, ekwalindele ngolangazelelo ukunwenwa kobuKomanisi, wathi: “Kweli lizwekazi laseYurophu kusafuneka siqinisekise ukuba . . . intsingiselo yokwenyaniso yegama elithi ‘inkululeko’, nelithi ‘idemokhrasi’ ayigqwethwa kwindlela esiye sawaqonda ngayo.” Wandula ke wahlab’ ikhwelo elilucelomngeni: “Phambili, ningenadyudyu, ningagungqi, ningoyisakali, de wenziwe wonke lo msebenzi yaye ihlabathi liphela libe likhuselekile kwaye licocekile.”—Akekeliswe sithi.
Isiqingatha Senkulungwane Yongquzulwano Nokufa
Kwintetho yakhe ngowe-1992, uSosiba-Jikelele weZizwe Ezimanyeneyo uBoutros Boutros-Ghali wavuma ukuba “ukususela ekusekweni kweZizwe Ezimanyeneyo ngowe-1945, iimfazwe ezinkulu ezingaphezu kwe-100 ehlabathini lonke zishiye itshoba lilel’ umbethe kwabanokuba zizigidi ezingama-20.” Likhankanya inani elide lathi kratya ngakumbi labafileyo, iphephancwadi iWorld Watch lathi: “Le ibe yeyona nkulungwane ingekho luxolweni embalini.” Lo mthombo ukwamnye ucaphula amazwi omnye umphengululi ngokuthi “kubulewe abantu abangakumbi kwiimfazwe zale nkulungwane kunakuyo yonke imbali yabantu yangaphambili idibene. Abantu abanokuba zizigidi ezingama-23 kwabo bafileyo babulewe ukususela kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II.”
Noko ke, iThe Washington Post yanikela ingxelo nangolunye uqikelelo: “Ukususela ekupheleni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, kuye kwakho iimfazwe ezimalunga ne-160 jikelele ehlabathini, nto leyo ephumele ekufeni kwabangaphezu kwezigidi ezisi-7 kumathafa edabi nokufa kwabemi abaninzi abamalunga nezigidi ezingama-30. Ukongezelela, kubekho iingxwelerha, abadlwengulwayo nabo benziwa baziimbacu.” Kungasathethwa ke ngezigidi zamaxhoba olwaphulo-mthetho olunogonyamelo emhlabeni wonke ebudeni beminyaka engama-50 edluleyo!
Ngoku, ngowe-1995, kusekho ungquzulwano olubangel’ ukufa oluphenjelelwa yintiyo evuthayo nolubulala kungekuphela nje amajoni enze isivumelwano sokufa okusenokuba ngumphumo kodwa kwanamawaka abemi eAfrika, kuMazwana aseBalkan, kwiMpuma Ephakathi naseRashiya.
Ngaba ke ngoko singathi kwiminyaka engama-50 emva kowe-1945, ‘ihlabathi liphela likhuselekile kwaye licocekile’? Yiyiphi inkqubela oluyenzileyo uluntu ukuze lenze umhlaba wethu ube yindawo efanelekileyo nekhuselekileyo yokuhlala? Sifunde ntoni kwiminyaka engama-50? Ngaba uluntu lwenze inkqubela kwizinto ezibaluleke ngokwenene—izinto ezixabisekileyo, imilinganiselo nemigaqo yokuziphatha? Amanqaku amabini alandelayo aza kuyiphendula le mibuzo. Elesine inqaku liza kuxubusha ngamathemba alindelekileyo kuthi sonke kule dolophana yethu ingumhlaba.
[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 4]
Iinkumbulo Zexesha Lasemva KweMfazwe Yehlabathi II
Enye indoda eliNgesi ngoku ekwiminyaka yayo yama-60 ikhumbula oku: “Emva phayaa ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1940, sasingenamabonwakude ekhaya. Unomathotholo wawuyeyona nto ishukumisa intelekelelo yethu. Njengoko ndandisesesikolweni, ingqondo yam yayihlala ixakekiswe kukufunda nokwenza umsebenzi wesikolo ekhaya. Ndandihamba ndiye kubukela umfanekiso oshukumayo mhlawumbi kanye ngenyanga. NgeMigqibelo ndandidla ngokuhamba iikhilomitha eziliqela ngebhayisekile ndiye kubukela iqela lebhola ekhatywayo endilithandayo. Ngokomlinganiselo zazimbalwa iintsapho ezazinenqwelo-mafutha okanye imfonomfono. Njengezigidi zabanye abantu eBritani, sasingenalo igumbi lokuhlambela elizimele lodwa. Indlu yangasese yayingaphandle, ibhafu yokuhlambela ikwigumbi lokuphekela, elalikwasetyenziswa njengegumbi lokuhlambela. Ebudeni bemfazwe, sasiphila ngokutya izinto ezomisiweyo—ubisi olungumgubo, amaqanda neetapile ezigutyiweyo. Iziqhamo, ezinjengee-orenji neebhanana, yayizizimuncumuncu ezazifumaneka manqapha-nqapha. Kwakuthi zakufika nje kwivenkile yasekuhlaleni ethengisa iziqhamo nemifuno bonke bagxalathelane ukuya kwenza umkrozo belindele umxhesho wabo. Amabhinqa amaninzi kwakufuneka asebenze kwimizi-mveliso yezixhobo zemfazwe. Ngelo xesha abantu babengazinakani iinguqu ezingakholelekiyo ezazingaphambili—ihlabathi elinoomabonwakude, iividiyo, iikhompyutha, icyberspace, unxibelelwano ngefax, ukuya emajukujukwini nobucukubhede obuphathelele iimpawu zofuzo.”