Kulumkele Ukungabi Namdla Wokufunda

UHLOBO olutsha lwengxaki yokufunda luyagquba kwihlabathi esiphila kulo. Lubizwa ngokuba kukungabi namdla wokufunda. Luchazwa “njengophawu okanye imeko yokukwazi ukufunda kodwa ungenamdla wokwenjenjalo.” (Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, Tenth Edition) Ewe, ukufunda—okwakukhe kwaluyolo—ngoku sele kuyinto ekruqulayo. Enye intombazana eneminyaka eli-12 ubudala yakhalaza isithi: “Ufanele uzinyanzele ukuze ufunde, yaye oko akuvuyisi.”

Uninzi lwabakhulileyo nalo alunamdla wokufunda. Ngokomzekelo, iUnited States izigobh’ amacala ngomlinganiselo ongama-97 ekhulwini wabantu abakwaziyo ukufunda nokubhala; ukanti, malunga nesiqingatha sabantu abakhulileyo baseMerika abafane bazifunde iincwadi namaphephancwadi! Licacile elokuba, ukukwazi ukufunda akusoloko kuhambisana nomnqweno wokufunda. Oku kuyenzeka nakwizifundiswa. Omnye owaphumelela kwiYunivesithi yaseHarvard uthi: “Xa ndifika ekhaya ndidiniwe emva kosuku olude, ndivula umabonwakude kunokuba ndifunde incwadi. Kulula ngakumbi.”

Kwenzeke ntoni ekufundeni? Kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje ukuthandwa kwako kuye kwathatyathelwa indawo ngamaziko eendaba aye atsala ingqalelo yabantu. UStratford P. Sherman ubhala athi kwiphephancwadi iFortune: “Ekubeni ngoku sineMTV [inkqubo kamabonwakude ebonisa iividiyo zomculo]—nomatshini wevidiyo neNintendo [imidlalo yevidiyo] neWalkman [iteyipu encinane eneentambo ezifakwa ezindlebeni]—ukucinga ngokuqolozela encwadini akubonakali kulula njengokuba kwakunjalo ngaphambi kwala maxesha okhanyo.” Mhlawumbi eyona nto ikhuphisana nokufunda nedla ixesha ngumabonwakude. Eneneni, xa efikelela kubudala beminyaka engama-65 umntu waseMerika oqhelekileyo uya kuba echithe iminyaka esithoba yobomi bakhe ebukele umabonwakude!

Ekubeni imivuzo yokufunda ngokufuthi incanyelwa umabonwakude, bekuya kuba yinto efanelekileyo ukuqwalasela oku kulandelayo.

Iingenelo Zokufunda

Ukufunda kukhuthaza ukucinga. Umabonwakude uyakucingela. Yonke into icacile: imbonakalo yobuso, imvakalo-zwi nendawo ekuthethwa ngayo.

Noko ke, xa ufunda uyazikhethela abadlali, uzilungiselele iqonga uze walathise umdlalo. Inkwenkwe eneminyaka eli-10 ubudala ithi: “Unenkululeko engakumbi. Unokucinga ngomdlali ngamnye kanye ngendlela ofuna akhangeleke ngayo. Uyakwazi ukulawula izinto xa ufunda incwadi kunaxa ubona okuthile kumabonwakude.” Kunjengokuba uGqr. Bruno Bettelheim waphawulayo, “umabonwakude uyayithimba ingqondo kodwa akayiniki nkululeko. Incwadi efanelekileyo iyayichukumisa kwangaxeshanye iyinike inkululeko ingqondo.”

Ukufunda kukhulisa ubuchule bokuthetha. UReginald Damerall weYunivesithi yaseMassachusetts uthi: “Akukho mntwana okanye mntu ukhulileyo ongenelwayo ekubukeleni umabonwakude rhoqo. Ubuchule obufunekayo bulula kangangokuba asikeva ngomntu onengxaki ngokubukela umabonwakude.”

Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukufunda kufuna yaye kukhulisa ubuchule bokuthetha; kunxulumene kakhulu nokuthetha nokubhala. Omnye umfundisi-ntsapho ofundisa isiNgesi kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo uthi: “Alithandabuzeki elokuba impumelelo yakho njengomfundi ixhomekeke kakhulu kwisigama sakho, koko unokukuqonda njengoko ufunda nakwindlela oqiqa ngayo njengoko ubhala, yaye ayikho indlela yokuzakhela isigama esihle ngaphandle kokufunda—ayikho nje kwaphela.”

Ukufunda kukhulisa umonde. Kwisithuba nje seyure kunokuvela kumabonwakude ngaphezu kwewaka lemifanekiso, inika lowo ubukeleyo ixesha elincinane lokucinga ngoko akubonayo. UGqr. Matthew Dumont uthi: “Ngokuthe ngqo obu buchule bunokubangela ukuba ungakwazi ukunikela ingqalelo ithuba elide.” Akumangalisi ukuba, olunye uhlolisiso lunxulumanisa ukubukela gqitha umabonwakude nokuba ngongxamayo ekwenzeni izigqibo nokungakwazi ukuzola—ebantwaneni nakubantu abakhulileyo.

Ukufunda kufuna umonde. Ingcaphephe kwezonxibelelwano uNeil Postman ibhala isithi: “Ukufunda izivakalisi, iziqendu nokutyhila amaphepha kuthabatha ixesha, kwenzeka ngolandelelwano yaye akuzenzekeli.” Ngesantya sakhe, umfundi umele atolike, aqwalasele aze acinge ngoko kubhaliweyo. Ukufunda yinkqubo entsonkothileyo yokutyhila izinto ezifihlakeleyo efuna—nekhulisa—umonde.

Imbono Elungeleleneyo

Phezu kwazo nje iingenelo zokufunda, kumele kuvunywe ukuba nomabonwakude unezinto ayingenelo ngazo. Unokukugqwesa ukufunda ngokudlulisela iintlobo ezithile zenkcazelo.a Inkqubo kamabonwakude enik’ umdla isenokuvuselela umdla wokufunda. IThe Encyclopedia Americana ithi: “Kuthiwa iinkqubo zikamabonwakude eziguqula iincwadi zabantwana nenzululwazi zibe ngumdlalo zikhuthaza abantwana ukuba bakhangele iincwadi ezinaloo mabali.”

Imbono elungeleleneyo ibalulekile. Uncwadi nomabonwakude zizinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Iyileyo iluncedo kwaye ineentsilelo zayo. Iyileyo inokusetyenziswa kakuhle—okanye isetyenziswe kakubi. Ewe, ukufunda ngokugqith’ emgceni kude kuse kwinqanaba lokuba ube ngunkom’ idla yodwa kunokuba yingozi njengokubukela umabonwakude ngokugqithiseleyo.—IMizekeliso 18:1; INtshumayeli 12:12.

Ukanti, ukufunda ngokufuthi kujongelwa phantsi kuba kukhethwa into enokubukelwa. Omnye unondaba waseJapan ukhalaza ngelithi: “Siyatshintsha kwisithethe sokuba ngabafundi sitshintshela ekubeni ngababukeli.” Oku kuye kwaphawulwa ingakumbi phakathi kwabaselula. Ngenxa yoko, uninzi lwabo lukhula lungenamdla wokufunda yaye kamva luzuza imiphumo yoko. Ngoko ke, abazali banokubanceda njani abantwana babo bakhulise umdla wokufunda?

Indlela Abanokunceda Ngayo Abazali

Misela umzekelo. Inqaku leNewsweek elalinomxholo othi “Indlela Yokukhuthaza Abo Bakuthandayo Ukufunda” linikela esi siluleko singqalileyo: “Ukuba uchitha ixesha elininzi uthe vuxa phambi komabonwakude, mhlawumbi umntwana wakho uya kuba njalo naye. Kwelinye icala, ukuba abantwana bakho bakubona uqolozele encwadini efanelekileyo, baya kubona ukuba akubafundisi ngeengenelo zokufunda nje kuphela, kodwa nawe uyafunda.” Okulunge ngakumbi kukuba, abanye abazali babafundela ngokuvakalayo abantwana babo. Ngokwenza oko, bakha umanyano olufudumeleyo—nto leyo enqabe ngokulusizi kwiintsapho ezininzi namhlanje.

Qalisa ukuba nethala leencwadi. UGqr. Theodore Isaac Rubin uncomela oku: “Yiba neencwadi—intlaninge yeencwadi. Ndikhumbula ndizifunda kuba zazikho kwanangenxa yokuba wonke umntu wayezifunda.” Abantwana baya kufunda xa iincwadi zifumaneka lula. Baya kuba nomdla ngakumbi ukuba iincwadi zikho kwithala labo leencwadi lobuqu.

Kwenze ukufunda kunandipheke. Kuye kwathiwa ukuba umntwana uyakuthanda ukufunda, ukuphungulela isiqingatha sedabi lokumfundisa. Ngoko kwenze ukufunda kube ngamava ayolisayo emntwaneni wakho. Njani? Okokuqala, beka imida kwixesha lokubukelwa kukamabonwakude; uya kusoloko ekwindawo yokuqala kunokufunda. Okwesibini, yenza kube lula ukufunda; ukuba namaxesha nendawo ekuthe cwaka kuyo, njengegumbi lokufundela elikhanyiswe kakuhle, kwenza kunandipheke ukufunda. Okwesithathu, musa ukumnyanzela ukuba afunde. Yenza izinto namathuba okufunda afumaneke, kodwa vumela umntwana akhulise umnqweno wokwenjenjalo.

Bambi abazali baqalisa ukufundela abantwana babo kwasebuncinaneni. Oku kunokuba yingenelo. Zimbi iingcali zithi xa eneminyaka emithathu, umntwana wazi okuninzi kulwimi aya kulusebenzisa kwincoko eqhelekileyo yaxa sele ekhulile—nangona engekakwazi ukuwabiza kakuhle amagama. Incwadi ethi The First Three Years of Life ithi: “Abantwana baqalisa ukufunda ukuluqonda ulwimi besebancinane yaye oku kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza ngakumbi kunokuba befunda ukuluthetha.” IBhayibhile ithi ngoTimoti: “Ùzazé kwasebuntwaneni [kwasebusaneni, NW] izibhalo ezingcwele.” (2 Timoti 3:15) Igama elithi usana livela kwigama lesiLatini elithi infans, ngokoqobo elithetha “ukungakwazi ukuthetha.” Ewe, uTimoti waweva amazwi angokwezibhalo kudala ngaphambi kokuba akwazi ukuwathetha.

IBhayibhile—Uncedo Olubalaseleyo

Incwadi ethi The Bible in Its Literary Milieu ithi: “IBhayibhile yingqokelela emangalisayo yemibhalo.” Eneneni, iincwadi zayo ezingama-66 ziqulethe amazwi abumbongo, iingoma neengxelo zembali abanokuthi abaselula nabakhulileyo bafunde kuzo. (Roma 15:4) Ukongezelela, iBhayibhile ‘iphefumlelwe nguThixo, ikwancedela ukufundisa, ukohlwaya, ukululeka, ukuqeqesha okusebulungiseni.’—2 Timoti 3:16.

Ewe, eyona ncwadi ibalulekileyo yokufundwa nefumanekayo liLizwi likaThixo, iBhayibhile. Ngesizathu esivakalayo ukumkani ngamnye wakwaSirayeli kwakufuneka abe nombhalo wobuqu weZibhalo aze ‘awulese imihla yonke yobomi bakhe.’ (Duteronomi 17:18, 19) Yaye uYoshuwa wayalelwa ukuba azifundele izibhalo ‘ngaphakathi’—oko kukuthi, azifunde ngelizwi eliphantsi—“imini nobusuku.”—Yoshuwa 1:8, NW.

Kuyavunywa ukuba, ezinye iindawo eziseBhayibhileni akulula ukuziqonda. Zisenokufuna unikele ingqalelo. Khumbula ukuba, uPetros wabhala wathi: “Njengeentsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa, yakhani ulangazelelo lobisi olungangxengwanga lwelizwi.” (1 Petros 2:2, NW) Ngokuqhelisela, umdla ‘kubisi’ lweLizwi likaThixo unokuba ngowemvelo njengokulangazelela kwethuku komntwana ubisi lukanina. Uxabiso ngokufunda iBhayibhile lunokuhlakulelwa.b Kuwufanele umgudu. Umdumisi wabhala: “Lisisibane seenyawo zam ilizwi lakho, likukukhanya emendweni wam.” (INdumiso 119:105) Ngaba asilufuni ukhokelo olunjalo kumaxesha esiphila kuwo azele ziinkathazo?

[Imibhalo esemazantsi]