Amabanjwa Obuhlwempu

NGONYAKA wama-33 C.E., uYesu Kristu wathi kubafundi bakhe: “Amahlwempu nisoloko nikunye nawo.” (Mateyu 26:11) Kanye kanye wayethetha ukuthini? Ngaba wayesithi ubuhlwempu abusokuze boyiswe?

UJames Speth, umphathi weNkqubo Yophuhliso Yezizwe Ezimanyeneyo, wathi: “Asinakulindela ukuba kuya kusoloko kukho [ubuhlwempu] phakathi kwethu. Ihlabathi lanamhlanje linezinto, ulwazi kwaneengcali ezinokwenza ubuhlwempu bube yinto yezolo.” Kodwa ngaba eli hlabathi lanamhlanje linokubuphelisa ubuhlwempu?

Kuyabonakala ukuba iBhunga LeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo linethemba lokuba imigudu yoluntu inokubuphelisa ubuhlwempu, njengokuba lathetha ngeminyaka ephakathi kowe-1997 ukusa kowe-2006 njengeyokuqala “Yeshumi Leminyaka LeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo Yokuphelisa Ubuhlwempu.” IZizwe Ezimanyeneyo zaceba ukusebenzisana noorhulumente, abantu, kwanamaziko ukuze kukhuthazwe inkqubela kwezoqoqosho, ukuphucula iinkonzo ezisisiseko, ukuphucula umgangatho wamabhinqa, kwanokwenza ingeniso nengqesho.

Olo lusukelo oluphakamileyo ngenene! Kodwa ngaba abantu behlabathi lonke baya kuze balufikelele? Khawuqwalasela ezinye zeengxaki ezithintela imigudu yoluntu yokuphelisa ubuhlwempu.

Ukulamba Nokungondleki

UAyembe, ohlala eZaire, unamalungu entsapho ali-15 axhomekeke kuye. Maxa wambi intsapho itya kanye kuphela ngemini—ipapa enongwe ngamagqabi ecassava, kwagalelwa ityuwa, kwaneswekile. Ngamanye amaxesha kuqengqeleka iintsuku zibe mbini okanye zibe ntathu bengatyanga. UAyembe uthi: “Ndilinda abantwana bade bakhalele ukutya ukuze ndibaphekele.”

Asingabo bodwa abakule meko. Kumazwe asakhasayo, umntu om-1 kwaba-5 ulala engatyanga busuku ngabunye. Ehlabathini lonke, malunga nabantu abazizigidi ezingama-800—abazizigidi ezingama-200 kubo ngabantwana—abondlekanga ngendlela exhomis’ amehlo. Aba bantwana abakhuli kakuhle; banempilo enkenenkene. Baqhuba kakubi esikolweni. Xa bebadala, babandazeleka ngenxa yezi zinto. Ngaloo ndlela, ubuhlwempu ngokufuthi bukhokelela ekungondlekini, nto leyo eba negalelo kubuhlwempu.

Ubuhlwempu, indlala, kwanokungondleki kuthabathe unyawo kangangokuba imigudu yezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho, kwanezentlalo ayiziphelisi ezi zinto. Eneneni, le meko ayiphucuki kunoko iya isiba mbi ngakumbi.

Impilo Enkenenkene

Ngokutsho koMbutho Wezempilo Wehlabathi, ubuhlwempu “sesona sifo sibulalayo ehlabathini” yaye “kuphela koyena nobangela mkhulu wokufa, izifo nokubandezeleka.”

Incwadi ethi An Urbanizing World: Global Report on Human Settlements, 1996 yathi kukho ubuncinane abantu abazizigidi ezingama-600 kuMzantsi nakuMbindi Merika, eAsia naseAfrika abaphila kwizindlu ezikumgangatho ophantsi—bengenamanzi aneleyo, ezogutyulo, kwanemibhobho yamanzi eyaneleyo—kangangokuba ubomi babo kwanempilo yabo isongelwa ngokuqhubekayo. Ehlabathini lonke, abantu abangaphezu kwamawaka ezigidi abanamanzi acocekileyo. Amakhulu ezigidi akanayo imali yokuthenga ukutya okunesondlo. Zonke ezi zinto zenza kube nzima ukuba abantu abangamahlwempu bathintele izifo.

Ngokufuthi abantu abangamahlwempu kwakhona abakwazi ukunyanga izifo. Xa abangamahlwempu begula, basenokungakwazi ukufumana amayeza okanye unyango olufanelekileyo. Abangamahlwempu bafa beselula; abo basindayo ngokufuthi baphila nezigulo ezinganyangekiyo.

UZahida, umthengisi wasemarikeni eMaldives uthi: “Ubuhlwempu buthetha impilo enkenenkene, nto leyo ekubangela ungasebenzi.” Kakade ke, ukungabikho komsebenzi kwandisa ubuhlwempu obungakumbi. Umphumo uba ngumjikelo ombi nobulalayo apho ubuhlwempu bubangela ukugula.

Ukungaqeshwa Kwanemivuzo Ephantsi

Enye inkalo ebangela ubuhlwempu kukungaqeshwa. Kuwo wonke umhlaba, abantu abamalunga nezigidi ezili-120 abakwaziyo ukusebenza abakwazi ukufumana imisebenzi. Ukanti, malunga nabanye abantu abamalunga nezigidi ezingama-700 ngokufuthi basebenza iiyure ezininzi ukuze bafumane umvuzo omncinane kakhulu ukuze bafeze iintswelo zabo ezisisiseko.

URudeen ngumqhubi weteksi eKhambodiya. Uthi: “Kum ubuhlwempu buthetha ukusebenza ngaphezu kweeyure ezili-18 ngosuku, kodwa sekunjalo ndingafumani mali eyaneleyo yokondla umfazi wam, abantwana bam ababini, kwanesiqu sam.”

Ukutshatyalaliswa Kwemekobume

Ubuhlwempu nokuwohloka kwemekobume ezo zinto zingumtya nethunga. UElsa, umphengululi eGuyana, eMzantsi Merika uthi: “Ubuhlwempu bubangela ukutshatyalaliswa kwendalo: amahlathi, umhlaba, izilwanyana, imilambo kwanamachibi.” Nanku omnye umjikelo ombi—ubuhlwempu bukhokelela ekutshatyalalisweni kwemekobume nto leyo eba sisimakade sobuhlwempu obongezelelekileyo.

Ukulima umhlaba de ungabi namveliso okanye usetyenziselwe enye injongo yinto ekudala isenziwa. Oku kunjalo nangokugawulwa kamahlathi—ukugawula amahlathi ukuze kufumaneke imithi okanye iinkuni okanye ukulima isivuno. Ngenxa yokwanda kwabantu emhlabeni, le meko iye yafikelela kumlinganiselo ongaginyisi mathe.

Ngokutsho kweNgxowa-mali Yezizwe Ngezizwe Yezolimo, ebudeni beminyaka engama-30 edluleyo, phantse ama-20 ekhulwini omhlaba ongaphezulu osuka kumhlaba wokulima awasafumaneki, ubukhulu becala ngenxa yokungabikho kwemali kwanobugcisa obufunekayo ukuze kuqhutyekwe nokulondolozwa kwawo. Ebudeni bexesha elifanayo, izigidi zeehektare ziye zaba ngumqwebedu ngenxa yokwakhiwa nokusetyenziswa kwenkqubo yokunkcenkceshela ekumgangatho ophantsi. Yaye iihektare ezizizigidi zamahlathi ziyagawulwa nyaka ngamnye kufunwa umhlaba wokulima okanye ukuze kufunyanwe imithi yokwakha okanye yokubasa.

Oku kutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi kunxulumene nobuhlwempu ngeendlela ezimbini. Okokuqala, amahlwempu ngokufuthi ayanyanzeleka ukuba onakalise imekobume ngenxa yokufuna ukutya nezinto zokubasa. Kungenzeka njani ukuba ubani athethe ngokwanda okuqhubekayo okanye ngentlalo-ntle yezizukulwana zexesha elizayo kwabo balambileyo nabangamahlwempu abanyanzelekileyo ukuba bazisebenzise kakubi izinto zokwemvelo ukuze baphile ngoku? Okwesibini, ngokufuthi abazizityebi baxhaphaza izinto zemekobume zabo bangamahlwempu ukuze bafumane inzuzo. Ngoko ukutshatyalaliswa kwezinto zokwemvelo ngabazizityebi okanye amahlwempu kwandisa ubuhlwempu.

Imfundo

UAlicia, unontlalo-ntle wasezidolophini kwiiPhilippines, wathi: “Ubuhlwempu bubangela ibhinqa lithumele abantwana balo ukuze baye kungqiba kwizithuthi ezitratweni kunokuba libathumele esikolweni kungenjalo akusayi kubakho nto yakutya. Lo mama uyazi ukuba uphinda umjikelo owaba ngumgibe kuye, kodwa akanandlela yimbi.”

Abantwana abanokuba zizigidi ezingama-500 abanazikolo abanokuya kuzo. Abantu abadala abaliwaka lezigidi abakwazi ukulesa nokubhala. Ngaphandle kwemfundo, kunzima ukufumana umsebenzi osemgangathweni. Ngoko ubuhlwempu bukhokelela ekubeni ubani angafundi, nto leyo ekhokelela kubuhlwempu obungakumbi.

Izindlu

Izindlu zinqongophele kumazwe ahlwempuzekileyo, kwanakwamanye atyebileyo. Enye ingxelo ithi phantse ikota yesigidi yabantu abahlala kwisiXeko saseNew York iye yahlala kwiindawo zokungxungxa zabo bangenamakhaya ngesihlandlo esithile ebudeni beminyaka emihlanu edluleyo. NeYurophu ngokwayo inabo abantu bayo abangamahlwempu. ELondon malunga nabantu abangama-400 000 babhaliswe njengabangenamakhaya. EFransi isiqingatha sesigidi asinamakhaya.

Kumazwe asakhasayo, le meko imbi ngakumbi. Abantu bathontelana kwizixeko nasezidolophini, benethemba lokufumana ukutya, imisebenzi, kwanobomi obubhetele. Kwezinye izixeko, abantu abangaphezu kwama-60 ekhulwini bahlala ematyotyombeni okanye emabobosini. Ngoko ubuhlwempu basemaphandleni bubangela ubuhlwempu basezidolophini.

Abemi

Into eyandisa zonke ezi ngxaki kukwanda kwabemi. Abemi bomhlaba baye banda ngokuphindwe kabini kwiminyaka engama-45 edluleyo. IZizwe Ezimanyeneyo ziqikelela ukuba eli nani liya kwanda lise kwizigidi ezingama-6200 ngonyaka wowe-2000 yaye liya kuba zizigidi ezingama-9800 ngowe-2050. Eyona mimandla ihlwempuzekileyo ehlabathini inomlinganiselo omkhulu wokwanda kwabemi. Kwiintsana eziqikelelwa kwizigidi ezingama-90 ezizelwe ngowe-1995, izigidi ezingama-85 zizelwe kumazwe angakwaziyo ukuzinyamekela.

Ngaba uyakholelwa ukuba uluntu luya kuze ngesiquphe lusebenzisane ukuze kupheliswe ubuhlwempu ngonaphakade ngokucombulula iingxaki zendlala, ukugula, ukungaqeshwa, ukutshatyalaliswa kwemekobume, ukuswela imfundo, izindlu ezingekho mgangathweni, kwanemfazwe? Kusenokwenzeka ukuba akukholelwa koko.

Ngaba oko kuthetha ukuba le meko ayiniki themba? Akunjalo, kuba isicombululo sisemnyango yaye ngokuqinisekileyo siyeza. Kodwa kungekhona ngemigudu yoluntu. Njani ke? Yaye kuthekani ngamazwi kaYesu xa wathi: “Amahlwempu nisoloko nikunye nawo”?

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Awona Mahlwempu Ahlwempuzekileyo

Ngowe-1971 ibinzana elithi “awona mazwe asakhasayo” layilwa ziZizwe Ezimanyeneyo ukucacisa “amazwe asakhasayo ahlwempuzekileyo nawona atsala nzima ngokwezoqoqosho.” Ngoko, kwakukho amazwe anjalo angama-21. Ngoku, kukho angama-48, angama-33 aseAfrika.

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Izigidi zisebenza iiyure ezininzi kodwa zihlawulwa imali encinane

[Inkcazelo]

Godo-Foto

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Ubutyebi nobuhlwempu zingumtya nethunga

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Izigidi zihlala kwizindlu ezikumgangatho ophantsi