Oonodoli Asizonto Nje Zokudlala

AMAYIPUTA ayebenza ngamaplanga, amaJapan ngephepha, amaJamani ngodongwe, yaye iiEskimo zazibenza ngesikhumba sentini. Abantu abadala bayabaqokelela. Abantwana abaziva ngabo. Ngoobani abo? Ngoonodoli.

IThe World Book Encyclopedia ithi: “Mandulo oonodoli babesetyenziswa ekwenzeni imilingo nakunqulo, babengezozinto zokudlala.” AmaYiputa amandulo ayethabatha iphini alizobe ngokungathi linxibe impahla aze alifake amaso odongwe, nawayebonakala ngathi ziinwele. Aba “nodoli bephini” babengcwatywa nabafi ukuze babe zizicaka zabo kubomi basemva kokufa. Xa befuna ukuziphindezela kwiintshaba zabo, abantu bakwiiWest Indies babefaka oonotaka koonodoli bobugqwirha.

Kwiindawo ezininzi oonodoli babesetyenziswa xa kusenziwa izithethe zenzala. Ngokomzekelo kwiGrisi yamandulo, ngaphambi kokuba amantombazana atshate, ayebeka oonodoli kwisibingelelo sika-Artemis, uthixokazi wenzala. Namhlanje amabhinqa angama-Ashanti, aseGhana, eAfrika ajingisa unodoli esinqeni ngethemba lokuzala abona bantwana bahle. Amanye amantombazana aseSiriya ajingisa oonodoli efestileni ukuze bonk’ abadlulayo babone ukuba asexabisweni lokutshata.

Nyaka ngamnye, ngoMatshi 3 eJapan xa kusenziwa umsitho obizwa ngokuba yiHina Matsuri okanye iTheko Loonodoli, kusetyenziswa oonodoli. IJapan—An Illustrated Encyclopedia ithi, eli theko likwabizwa ngokuba litheko lamantombazana, yaye “lisekelwe kwizithethe ezahlukahlukeneyo. Esinye sazo sisithethe samaTshayina sokuhlambulula esasisenzelwa emlanjeni ekuqaleni kwenyanga yesithathu. Ebudeni bexesha leHeian (ngowe-794-1185), amagosa asebukhosini ayebiza abavumisi ngomhla wesithathu kwinyanga yesithathu ukuze ahlambulule ukungcola kwawo akufake koonodoli bamaphepha . . . , baze baphoswe emlanjeni okanye elwandle.”

Ukudlala Ngoonodoli

Ngexesha le-Edo eJapan (ngowe-1603-1867), abantwana babesenzelwa oonodoli abafana nabantu nababenxityiswa impahla. Abanye oonodoli babesenziwa bashukume kusetyenziswa iintambo nezipringi. Abanye babekwazi ukunika undwendwe iti ngekomityi baze babuye nekomityi engenanto!

Enye intyilalwazi ithi ngaphambi kweminyaka yee-1700, kumazwe aseNtshona “abantwana babengaphathwa ngendlela efanayo nanamhlanje. Babegqalwa njengabantu abakhulu yaye kwakulindeleke ukuba baziphathe njengabantu abakhulu.” Oonodoli babesenzelwa abantu abakhulu nabantwana. Noko ke, ngeminyaka yee-1800 abantu bayiqonda into yokuba kubalulekile ukuba abantwana banikwe ixesha lokudlala ukuze bakhule kakuhle. Ngenxa yoko, landa ngamandla ishishini lokwenza oonodoli eYurophu.

IOstriya yayinkqenkqeza phambili ekwenzeni oonodoli ngelo xesha. Ekuqaleni kowe-1824, iJamani yenza oonodoli ababekwazi ukuthi “mama” nokuthi “tata.” Ngasekupheleni kwaloo nkulungwane, yenza oonodoli abahambayo. UThomas Edison waseMerika wenza oonodoli abanomatshini omncinane othethayo. Kanti ke, amaFrentshi enza unodoli owayebizwa ngokuthi Bébé Gourmand owayekwazi ukutya. Ayedume nangokwenza oonodoli abanxiba impahla yefashoni. Abanikazi baba nodoli babebathengela iikama, impahla eyenziwe ngoboya, iifeni nefanitshala.

Ngenkulungwane yama-20 ishishini lokwenza oonodoli landa ngamandla. Ukwenziwa kweplastiki kwiminyaka yee-1940 kwanceda abenzi boonodoli benza oonodoli abathengiswa ngamaxabiso afikelelekayo kodwa abenziwe kakuhle. Unodoli weplastiki obizwa ngokuba nguBarbie usengoyena nodoli uthandwayo ukususela ekwenziweni kwakhe ngowe-1959. Sele kuthengiswe abangaphezu kwewaka lezigidi, yaye ngowe-1997, umenzi walo nodoli wafumana iiR12,2 lamawaka ezigidi.

Oonodoli Basetyenziselwa Ukufundisa

Ukuze afundise abantwana bawo ngoothixo bawo, amaIndiya angamaPueblo akumzantsi-ntshona weUnited States ayesebenzisa oonodoli ababizwa ngokuba yikachina, abenziwe ngeengcambu zomthi wecactus okanye wompayina. Xa kusenziwa umsitho okhethekileyo, omnye kolo hlanga wayenxiba njengomnye woothixo bawo. Emva koko abazali babesipha abantwana babo unodoli ofana nalo thixo ukuze badlale ngaye, baze bamazi kakuhle loo thixo.

IThe World Book Encyclopedia ithi: “Xa abantwana bekhathazekile okanye benomsindo bawukhuphela” koonodoli. “Xa bedlala ngoonodoli abantwana benza izinto abanqwenela ukuzenza xa sele bekhulile.” NgoMhla weTheko Labantwana elenziwa eJapan nyaka ngamnye ngoMeyi kubakho unodoli onxityiswe okwejoni lalapho. Lo nodoli usetyenziswa ngenjongo yokukhuthaza amakhwenkwe ukuba xa emadala abe ngamadoda awomeleleyo nahlonelwayo.

Ngenxa yendlela abantwana ababathanda ngayo oonodoli babo, abazali abalumkileyo bayayiqonda impembelelo abanokuba nayo oonodoli kubantwana babo. Ngokomzekelo, abanye bakholelwa ukuba indlela abalungiswe ngayo abanye oonodoli nempahla yabo eninzi inokuba nempembelelo emantombazaneni. Omnye umhlalutyi uthi oonodoli banokuba nempembelelo embi “kumantombazana aselula aze azikhathaze kakhulu ngenkangeleko yawo kunokuzikhathaza ngobuntu bawo.”

Icacile into yokuba enoba unodoli wenziwe ngelaphu, ngephepha, ngeplanga, ngeplastiki, okanye ngenye into, akayonto nje yokudlala. Abantwana bamenza umhlobo, umntu abanokudlala naye nabanokumthemba.

[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 27]

Ukuba Nomdla Koonodoli Bakudala

Baya besiba baninzi abantu abazonwabisa ngokuqokelela oonodoli. Ngeminyaka yee-1970 abantu babekuthanda kakhulu ukuqokelela oonodoli nto leyo yabangela ukuba kushishinwe ngoonodoli kuwo onke amazwe. Abantu abaqokelela oonodoli bathenga oonodoli beplastiki okanye abangasafumaneki lula ngexabiso eliphantsi njengoKämmer noReinhardt. Omnye waba nodoli waqala ukwenziwa eJamani ekuqaleni kweminyaka yee-1900, wathengiswa nge-R1,9 lezigidi. KwiStrong National Museum of Play, ekwisixeko saseRochester, eNew York, eUnited States kukho oonodoli abamalunga ne-12 000.

[Ibhokisi/Umfanekiso okwiphepha 28]

Oonodoli Isizathu Sokuba Abazali Baxhalabe

Abazali banokubakhusela njani abantwana babo kwimpembelelo embi yabanye oonodoli? IThe Washington Post yathi: “Njengabantu abashishina ngecuba, abenzi bezinto zokudlala badla ngokuthi ababekek’ ityala ngeengxaki ezinokubangelwa zezo zinto yaye babonakala bengazimiselanga kwenza tshintsho.” Ngoko, kuyacaca ukuba le yimbopheleleko yabazali.

IBhayibhile iyalela abazali ukuba bafundise abantwana babo yonk’ imihla. (Duteronomi 6:6-9; IMizekeliso 22:6) Yiyiphi indlela abanokubafundisa ngayo ukuze babancede kwimpembelelo embi abanokuba nayo abanye oonodoli? Omnye umama uthi wafundela intombi yakhe eyoku-1 kuTimoti 2:9 ethetha ngesinxibo esindilisekileyo waza waqiqa nayo. Bancokola benjenje:

Umama: Ufana nabani lo nodoli, nomntwana okanye nebhinqa?

Intombi: Nebhinqa.

Umama: Kutheni usitsho nje?

Intombi: Ngenxa yokuba umzimba wakhe ufana nowebhinqa, yaye impahla nezihlangu zakhe zifana nezebhinqa.

Umama: Unyanisile. Xa ucinga ngombhalo ebesiwufunda eBhayibhileni, ucinga ukuba le mpahla inxitywe ngulo nodoli iwafanele amaKristu?

Intombi: Hayi.

Umama: Ngoba?

Intombi: Kungenxa yokuba isiketi sakhe sifutshane gqitha, . . . iblawuzi ivez’ umzimba . . . yaye ithe nca emzimbeni.

Yinyaniso ukuba, kufuna umgudu ukufundisa abantwana bakho ngemigaqo kaThixo ukuze bakwazi ukuzenzela izigqibo. Kodwa kunomvuzo ngokwenene! Abazali abaninzi baye bancedwa yincwadi ethi Funda KuMfundisi Omkhulu, epapashwe ngamaNgqina kaYehova ukuze bafundise abantwana babo imigaqo kaThixo.

Nawe unokuzifumanela le ncwadi inemifanekiso emihle inamaphepha angama-256 ngokubhalela amaNgqina kaYehova, Private Bag X2067, Krugersdorp, 1740. Chaza ukuba ufuna incwadi ethi Funda KuMfundisi Omkhulu.

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 26]

Unodoli waseJapan ohambisa iti

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 26]

Unodoli wamaFrentshi obizwa ngokuba nguBru

[Inkcazelo Ngemifanekiso ekwiphepha 26]

Top: © SHOBEI Tamaya IX; middle: Courtesy, Strong National Museum of Play, Rochester, New York; bottom: © Christie’s Images Ltd