Wathobela UThixo Njengomlawuli Kunabantu

“Simelwe kukuthi sive uThixo kunokuba sive abantu.”

PHANTSE ama-2 000 eminyaka eyadlulayo, la mazwi enkalipho ahlokoma kwiholo yentlanganiso yamatyala eYerusalem. Iqela lamaKristu enkulungwane yokuqala lalibuzwa ngumbingeleli omkhulu wamaYuda. Lalibanjwe etempileni ngoxa lalifundisa isihlwele sabantu. Isithunywa sikaYehova sasiliyalele ukuba liye apho lize lishumayele iLizwi likaThixo. Ababingeleli balixelela ukuba lingashumayeli. Wawuya kuthobela bani kwimeko enjalo? AmaKristu akazange athandabuze. Ayeya kuthobela uThixo njengomlawuli kunokuthobela umntu.—IZenzo 5:17-32.

Kwiinkulungwane ezininzi ezidluleyo ukususela ngelo xesha, abanye baye balandela umzekelo wawo wenkalipho xa iinkokeli zonqulo, njengabo babingeleli bamaYuda benkulungwane yokuqala, ziye zala ukuba zona ubuqu ziyive inyaniso zaza zazama ukuthintela nabanye ukuba bayive. (Mateyu 23:13) Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-15, uJohn Husa (1371-1415) wabhenela kuloo mazwi xa wayalelwa ukuba angashumayeli kwiBohemia (inxalenye yeCzechoslovakia yanamhlanje) awagcinwa kuyo. Waligqala igunya eliphakamileyo likaThixo neleLizwi Lakhe ngexesha laxa upopu necawa phantse babegqaIwa nguwonkewonke njengabona bongamileyo. Kwenzeka njani ukuba athabathe oku kuma?

Imvelaphi Yemfundiso KaHus YeBhayibhile

UJohn Hus wakhuliswa ngunina ongumhlolokazi nowayekolona didi luphantsi; ngoko ukuze azuze imfundo kwabotshwa amabande. Kwakuye kufuneke acule ecaweni ukuze azuze umxhesho. Nangona wayengekho krelekrele, wakwazi ukuzuza imfundo kwiYunivesithi yasePrague yaye ekugqibeleni wanyuselwa waba ngumphathi waloo yunivesithi.

Ngelo xesha, kwakukho ukusukuzana eyunivesithi phakathi kwamaJamani namaCzech. UHus waba yinjinga kwicala lamaCzech, yaye impembelelo yakhe yakhula njengokuba wayesiba ngumshumayeli onamandla ngakumbi. Okwexesha elithile, kwakukho ukungazoli nengxubusho engokuziphatha kakubi kweCawa yamaRoma Katolika, yaye oku kwaqiniswa kukusasazeka kweencwadi zomhlaziyi oliNgesi uJohn Wycliffe. Ibutho laseBohemia alizange libekho ngenxa yeziganeko zaseNgilani; kunoko, iziganeko zazisenzeka ngaxeshanye. UJohn Hus wazifumanisa iincwadi zikaWycliffe zinomtsalane kuye, ngokukodwa ethi On Truth of Holy Scripture, awayifumana ngowe-1407.

Noko ke, wayechasiwe nguBhishophu Omkhulu uZbynek wasePrague, owayigxekayo indlela kaHus yokushumayela waza wayitshisa ekuhleni inkoliso yeencwadi zikaWycliffe ngowe-1410. UZbynek wakwalela nakuphi na ukushumayela ngaphandle kweecawa ezigunyazisiweyo, nto leyo eyayikhuphel’ ecaleni iCawa yaseBethlehem eyayisonganyelwa nguHus. UHus wakwala ukuthobela isalelo sikabhishophu omkhulu, esithi kufuneka “athobele uThixo kunokuba athobele abantu kwizinto ezifunekayo ukuze kuzuzwe usindiso.” Wabhenela kupopu, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ubhishophu omkhulu amsike ecaweni. Kodwa uHus akazange axengaxenge, efumanisa ukuba ukuqonda kwakhe okuphangaleleyo kuye kwalola isazela sakhe yaye kwasenza saziqonda ngakumbi iinyaniso zeBhayibhile. Watsho ngokucacileyo esithi: “Umntu usenokuxoka, kodwa uThixo akanakuxoka,” ephinda amazwi ompostile uPawulos awayewabhalela amaRoma. (Roma 3:4) UKumkani uWenceslas wayikhusela inkqubo kaHus yohlaziyo, yaye ekugqibeleni uZbynek wasaba kwelo lizwe, yaye kungekudala kamva wayibek’ inqawa.

Ukuchaswa kukaHus kwaqhambuka kwakhona xa wagxeka amajoni omnqamlezo awayeye kuhlasela ukumkani waseNaples waza wabhenca nokuhlawulwa kwemali yokuvum’ izono yokuxhasa olo hlaselo, ngaloo ndlela esonakalisa inzuzo yabefundisi. Intlawulo yayimvumela umntu ukuba afumane ukuxolelwa kwisohlwayo sokomzuzwana ngokuhlawula imali. Ukuze aphephe ukuzisa iingxaki esixekweni, uHus wayishiya iPrague esaba okomzuzwana kwelo lizwe. Ngowe-1413, wabhala incwadi ethi On Simony, eyabhenca ukuthanda imali kwabefundisi nokuxhaswa kwabo ngamagunya ehlabathi. Kwakhona, uHus walisekela igunya lakhe eLizwini likaThixo, esithi: “Ngamnye umKristu othembekileyo ufanele abe nengqondo yokungabambeleli kuyo nayiphi na into echasene neZibhalo Ezingcwele.”

Kwakhona uHus wabhala inqaku elinomxholo othi De Ecclesia (ECaweni). Kulo wamisela izinto ezininzi, enye yayisithi: “UPetros wayengeyiyo intloko yeCawa, yaye akayiyo.” Wafumanisa ukuba iindinyana ezisisikhokelo zikaMateyu 16:15-18 zammisela ngokucacileyo uYesu njengesiseko nentloko yebandla, elalingumzimba opheleleyo wamakholwa abiziweyo. Ngoko umthetho kaKristu njengokuba ufunyanwa kwiLizwi likaThixo waba ngowona wongamileyo kunokapopu. Kunoko, ubupopu bavela kubukhosi baseRoma.

Ubungqina Phambi KweBhunga LaseConstance

ICawa yamaKatolika yayingasenako ukukunyamezela ukudiz’ amahlebo kukaHus yaye yambiza ukuze azokuphendula ngenxa yeembono zakhe phambi kweBhunga laseConstance, elalingowe-1414 kuse kowe-1418 kufuphi neChibi iConstanceb. WakhohliseIwa ukuba aye kwelo Bhunga ngumntakwabo kumkani, uMlawuli uSigismund, owayemthembise ngokuba uza kukhuseleka, okwathi ngokukhawuleza kwangqineka kububuxoki. Kungekudala emva kokufika kwakhe wabanjwa, kodwa waqhubeka echasene negunya likapopu nelebhunga.

Xa ibhunga lathi uHus makarhoxe kwiingcamango neemfundiso zakhe, waphendula ngelithi wayenokwenjenjalo ngovuyo ukuba kwakunokungqinwa ngokuphuma eZibhaIweni ukuba akachananga, ngokuvisisana neyesi-2 kuTimoti 3:14-16. UHus waba nemvo yokuba isazela sakhe sasiya kusoloko simkhathaza ukuba wayenokurhoxa ngenxa yezibakala ezithandabuzekayo. Wavakalisa oku: “Bekusoloko kungumnqweno wam ukuba ndiboniswe ngokuphuma eZibhalweni imfundiso elunge ngakumbi, yaye ngoko bendiya kuvuma ukuba ndiphosisile.” Phezu kwalo nje ucelomngeni lwakhe lokuba elona lungu liphantsi lebhunga limbonise impazamo yakhe ngokuphuma kwiLizwi likaThixo, wagwetywa njengomhlaziyi oneenkani waza wathunyelwa entolongweni kungekho nanye into exutyushwe ngokuphuma eBhayibhileni.

NgoJulayi 6, 1415, uHus wagwetywa ngokomgaqo wecawa yaseConstance. Akazange avunyelwe ukuba aphendule njengokuba kwakufundwa izimangalo awayetyatyekwa ngazo. Ilungelo lakhe lobufundisi lohluthwa esidlangalaleni ngoxa iincwadi zakhe zatshiswa kwintendelezo yecawa. Wasiwa endle emaphandleni, waza watshiselwa emthini. Uthuthu lwakhe lwaqokelelwa lwaza lwaphoswa kuMlambo iRhine, ukuthintela nabani na ekugcineni intsalela yesidumbu salo mfeli-nkolo. Ngenxa yokunxibelelana kwakhe ngokusondeleleneyo noJohn Wycliffe, ibhunga lamgweba naloo mhlaziyi unguWycliffe—owayesele efile—liyalela ukuba umzimba wakhe ukhutshelwe ngaphandle kwengcwaba uze utshiswe luze uthuthu lwakhe luphoswe kumlambo oyiSwift eNgilani. Kamva, umlandeli obalaseleyo kaHus, uJerome wasePrague, naye watshiselwa emthini.

Oko UHus Wakuphumezayo

UHus wayengomnye wamadoda okuqala awathi ekobo budala aba nesibindi sokuchasa igunya likapopu nelebhunga nawathi amkela igunya elongamileyo leZibhalo. Ngaloo ndlela waqalisa iphulo lokulwela amalungelo omntu ngamnye, nokulwela inkululeko yesazela neyokuthetha.

Ngaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka kamva, uMartin Luther eJamani watyholwa ngokuhlaziya iimfundiso eziphosakeleyo zikaWycliffe noHus. Ngokuqinisekileyo, uLuther wayenembono esisiseko efana nekaHus xa wathi: “Ngaphandle kokuba ndeyiseke ngokuphuma eZibhalweni nangokuqiqa okucacileyo—andilamkeli igunya loopopu nelamabhunga, kuba aye aphikisana—isazela sam silawulwa liLizwi likaThixo.” Mhlawumbi kungenxa yoko le nto wathi: “Sonke singabalandeli bakaHus nangona singakuqondi oko.”

Eneneni uHus, uWycliffe noLuther baluhlaziya uninzi lweemfundiso zamaKristu okuqala. Kakade ke, abazange bahambe ngokupheleleyo ngaloo ndlela kuba kwakungelula ngezo ntsuku ukushenxisa ubumnyama beenkulungwane. Kanti, bonke bavumelana ngento enye ebalulekileyo, eyile: ILizwi likaThixo limele lize kuqala, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ziyintoni na izimvo zabantu. AmaKristu okuqala ayenale mbono ikholisekileyo kuba ayefundiswe yiNkosi, uYesu Kristu.—Yohane 17:17; 18:37.

Namhlanje, amaKristu amele athabathe ukuma okukwanjalo. Sineengenelo ezininzi ngaphezu kwezo nkulungwane zokuqala. Okokuqala, iBhayibhile ifumaneka lula phantse ngezona lwimi zininzi. Okwesibini, kule mihla yokugqibela umoya oyingcwele uye wakhokelela abasabelayo ekuqondeni okwandisiweyo kweBhayibhile. Ngaba uye wayamkela le ndlela yokuqonda izinto? Ukuba kunjalo, akuyi kuphozisa maseko ekuthabatheni umgaqo uJohn Hus awawuphinda ngokuzingisileyo. Namhlanje, abantu abaninzi kunanini na ngaphambili embalini baphila ngaloo mazwi abapostile: “Simelwe kukuthi sithobele uThixo njengomlawuli kunokuthobela abantu.”—IZenzo 5:29, NW.

[Imibhalo esemazantsi]

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UJohn Hus

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IiBhayibhile zamaCzech, njengohlelo lowe-1579 oluboniswe ngasentla, ziyahlawulelwa namhlanje ngabaqokeleli uJohn Hus watshiselwa emthini ngenxa yokuba waxabisa oko iBhayibhile ikuthethayo ngaphezu kwelizwi lomntu