UDaniyeli—Incwadi Echanileyo Yesiprofeto

INGXELO yeBhayibhile isixelela oku: “Ngomnyaka wokuqala kaBheleshatsare ukumkani waseBhabheli, uDaniyeli wabona iphupha nemibono yentloko yakhe esililini sakhe. Waza walibhala iphupha, waxela isimbuku [ingxelo epheleleyo, (NW)] sezo zinto.”—Daniyeli 7:1.

Kwakungesiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane yesithandathu Ngaphambi kweXesha Eliqhelekileyo awathi uDaniyeli wabhala phantsi oku namanye amaphupha nemibono esichaphazelayo namhlanje. ‘Sinengxelo epheleleyo’ yemibono enjalo kwincwadi yesiprofeto kaDaniyeli.

Umprofeti Wokwenene

UKristu ngokwakhe wanikel’ ubungqina bokuba uDaniyeli wayengumprofeti. Okubangel’ umdla kukuba, uYesu wakwenza oku kwisiprofeto esisesakhe kumqondiso “wokufika [kwakhe], nowokupheliswa kwephakade eli.” Ngaloo ndlela walatha inzaliseko epheleleyo yesiprofeto sikaDaniyeli ukuza kutsho kumhla wethu, xa sizibonela ngokwethu iinxalenye ezahlukahlukeneyo zomqondiso, ezinjengeemfazwe eziphakathi kwamazwe ngamazwe, ukunqongophala kokudla, iinyikima zomhlaba, nokuqaleka kwenimba kwazwenibanzi.—Mateyu 24:3-8, 15.

UYesu wachaza oku: “Kuya kuvela abaprofeti ababuxoki babe baninzi, balahlekise abantu abaninzi. . . . ezi ndaba zilungileyo zobukumkani ziya kuvakaliswa kulo elimiweyo liphela, zibe bubungqina kuzo zonke iintlanga; kwandule ke ukufika ukuphela. Xa ke ngoko nithe nalibona isikizi lesiphanziso, ekwakuthethwa lona ngoDaniyeli umprofeti, limi endaweni engcwele (olesayo makaqiqe), ngelo xesha mabathi abakwelakwaYuda basabele ezintabeni. . . . Inene ndithi kuni, Asisayi kudlula esi sizukulwana, zingadanga zonke ezo zinto zibekho.”—Mateyu 24:11-34.

Isibakala sokuba uYesu abe walumkisa ukuba kwakuya kubakho abaprofeti ababuxoki kanye nje ngaphambi kokuba alathisele abafundi bakhe ‘kuDaniyeli umprofeti’ sibubungqina bokuba wamgqala uDaniyeli engumprofeti wokwenyaniso kaThixo. Kwinqaku elingaphambili siye saphawula ukuba amanye amazwi aphefumlelweyo esiprofeto sikaDaniyeli, anjengalawo akuxela kwangaphambili ukuphambana kukaNebhukadenetsare okwexeshana nokuwa kweBhabhiloni, azaliseka ebudeni bexesha lokudla ubomi kukaDaniyeli. Kodwa uDaniyeli wakwaxela ngenx’ engaphambili izinto ezaziya kwenzeka kwiinkulungwane kamva. Ziziphi ezinye zeziprofeto ezizezexesha elide ezibhalwe kwincwadi kaDaniyeli?

Ukuza Nokufa KukaMesiya

Isiprofeto esimbonisa ngokuqinisekileyo uDaniyeli engumprofeti wokwenene seso saziwa njengeeveki ezingama-70 zesiprofeto. Ngokuyinxenye, sifundeka ngolu hlobo: “Bamiselwe iiveki ezimashumi asixhenxe abantu bakowenu, nomzi wakowenu ongcwele, ukuba sithintelwe isikreqo, zitywinwe izono, bucanyagushelwe ubugwenxa, . . . Yazi ke uqiqe ukuba, kuthabathela ekuphumeni kweli lizwi lokuba ibuyiswe yakhiwe iYerusalem, kuse kumthanjiswa oyinganga, ziiveki ezisixhenxe; ziiveki ezimashumi mathandathu anamabini [ezenza ama-69 zizonke], . . . Emveni ke kweeveki ezimashumi mathandathu anambini [oko kukuthi, 7 + 62, okanye emva kweveki yama-69], uya kunqunyulwa umthanjiswa, . . . Abaninzi yobaqinisela umnqophiso iveki enye [iveki yama-70]; ngesiqingatha seveki iphelise imibingelelo neminikelo yokudla.”—Daniyeli 9:24-27.

Abaphengululi beBhayibhile abaninzi bamaYuda, bamaKatolika nabamaProtestanti bayavuma ukuba “iiveki” zesi siprofeto ziziiveki zeminyaka. IRevised Standard Version, uHlelo lweeCawa Zonke ZobuKristu, ifundeka ngolu hlobo: “Amashumi asixhenxe eeveki zeminyaka amiselwe ngokubhekisele kubantu bakho.” Loo minyaka ingama-490 yaqalisa ngowama-455 B.C.E. xa uNehemiya wathi wanikwa igunya ngukumkani wamaPersi uArtashashta ukuba ‘ayibuyisele ayakhe iYerusalem.’ (Nehemiya 2:1-8) Kwiiveki zeminyaka ezingamashumi amathandathu anesithoba kamva, oko kukuthi, ngowama-29 C.E., uYesu wabhaptizwa waza wathanjiswa, esiba nguKristu, okanye uMthanjiswa onguMesiya. “Ngesiqingatha seveki [yama-70],” ngowama-33 C.E., ‘wanqunyulwa.’ Ukufa kwakhe okulidini kwenza isicamagushelo sezono zoluntu, ngaloo ndlela sibangela amadini ezilwanyana phantsi koMthetho kaMoses ‘aphele.’a

Bebangelwa sesi siprofeto sinokuthenjwa, abantu abangamaYuda benkulungwane yokuqala “bazi ukuba amashumi asixhenxe eeveki zeminyaka ezamiselwa nguDaniyeli zazifikelela esiphelweni; akukho mntu wothukayo akuva uYohane uMbhaptizi evakalisa ukuba ubukumkani bukaThixo babusondele.”—Manuel Biblique, nguBacuez noVigouroux.

Amagunya Ehlabathi Anjengerhamncwa

Esinye isiprofeto sexesha elide, esibaluleke kakhulu kubantu abaphilayo namhlanje, saxela ngenx’ engaphambili ulandelelwano lwamagunya ehlabathi, awafuziselwa ngamarhamncwa awoyikekayo nawayeya kufuneka avulele indlela uBukumkani bukaThixo.

UDaniyeli wabalisa oku: “Ndabona embonweni wam ebusuku, . . . Kwenyuka elwandle amarhamncwa amakhulu kakhulu, engafani elinye nelinye. Elokuqala libe linjengengonyama, . . . Nalo elinye irhamncwa, elesibini, linjengebhere; . . . ndabona: nalo elinye, linjengengwe, . . . Emveni koko ndabona emibonweni yasebusuku: nalo irhamncwa lesine, eloyikekayo, elomeleleyo, elincamisileyo ngamandla, . . . La marhamncwa makhulu kakhulu mane ngookumkani abane, abaya kusuka beme ehlabathini. Ke ubukumkani baya kubuthabatha abangcwele bOsenyangweni, babume ubukumkani, kude kuse ephakadeni.”—Daniyeli 7:2-18.

Into yokuba la marhamncwa amela amagunya ehlabathi icace gca komnye umbono owabonwa nguDaniyeli. Ecacisa lo mbono, wabhala wathi: “Inkunzi yegusha oyibonileyo ineempondo ezimbini, ngookumkani bamaMedi nabamaPersi; nenkunzi yebhokhwe exhonti ngukumkani wakwaYavan [waseGrisi, (NW)].”—Daniyeli 8:20, 21.

Ngokufanayo, amarhamncwa amane ekuthethwa ngawo kuDaniyeli isahluko 7 afuzisela amagunya amane ehlabathi asusela kumhla kaDaniyeli kuse phambili, de kwaza kuthi ga kwixesha lokumiselwa koBukumkani bukaThixo. UDaniyeli wayesaphila ebudeni bokuwa kweGunya leHlabathi lamaBhabhiloni (ingonyama) nakuseqaliseni kwelandela layo, amaMedi namaPersi (ibhere). Isiprofeto sikaDaniyeli sexesha elide saxela ngenx’ engaphambili ngokuwa kwamaMedi namaPersi ngaphambi kweGrisi (ingwe), eyayiya kuthi nayo ithatyathelw’ indawo ‘lirhamncwa lesine,’ uBukhosi beRoma nehlumelo layo, iGunya leHlabathi lamaNgesi namaMerika.b

UDaniyeli wakuxela ngokuchanileyo ngenx’ engaphambili ukulandelelana kwamagunya ehlabathi, athe xa ewonke aphalaza igazi njengamarhamncwa asendle ngenxa yokunqwenela kwawo ukukhokela ihlabathi. Ngokukwanjalo, uBukumkani bobulungisa awabuxela ngenx’ engaphambili kungekudala buza kuthabathel’ indawo amagunya obupolitika anamhla. Embonweni, uDaniyeli wabona “uNyangelemihla,” uYehova uThixo, enika ‘unyana womntu,’ uYesu uMesiya, “igunya, nobuhandiba, nobukumkani, ukuze zonke iintlanga, nezizwe, neelwimi, zimbuse.” Ngaba oku kuza kuzisa isicombululo esisisigxina kwiingxaki zoluntu? Ewe, kuba ulawulo lokaYesu apha luchazwa ‘njengegunya elingunaphakade, elingapheliyo; ubukumkani bakhe bobungayi konakaliswa.’—Daniyeli 7:13, 14; thelekisa uMateyu 16:27, 28; 25:31.

Iziprofeto zexesha elifutshane nelide eziye zaqwalaselwa ngokufutshane kula manqaku mabini zingumzekelo nje wamaphupha, imibono, neziprofeto ezikwincwadi kaDaniyeli. Le mizekelo ibubungqina bokuba uDaniyeli uyincwadi echanileyo yesiprofeto—imbali eyabhalwa kusengaphambili. Inzaliseko yezi ziprofeto iyaqhubeka nakwinkulungwane yama-20, yaye inikela ithemba elingummangaliso, njengoko iinkupho ezilandelayo zeli phephancwadi ziza kucacisa.

[Imibhalo esemazantsi]

[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 6]

INGCAMANGO “YOMHLA WAMVA”

IBHAYIBHILE ithi incwadi kaDaniyeli yabhalwa ngulo mprofeti, nto leyo eyenza ukuba kuthiwe le ncwadi yabhalwa kwinkulungwane yesithandathu Ngaphambi kweXesha Eliqhelekileyo. (Daniyeli 7:1) Kodwa iziprofeto enazo zimangalisa gqitha kangangokuba abaninzi baye bakuthandabuza ukuba zabhalwa ngaphambi kokuba iziganeko ezaxelwa ngenx’ engaphambili zenzeke. Bambi abantu abangengomaKristu, nabaphononongi abaninzi beBhayibhile abazibiza ngokuba bangamaKristu, baye bakuthandabuza ukuchana kwencwadi kaDaniyeli. Baye bakhetha okufane kubizwe ngokuba yingcamangoyomhla wamva, okanye yasebudeni bamaMakhabhi, ngaphambili eyayikhuthazwa sisithandi sobulumko senkulungwane yesithathu yeXesha Eliqhelekileyo esasichase amaKristu nesigama linguPorphyry. Ziziphi lingongoma ezixhasa le ngcamango, yaye zixabiseke kangakanani?

Kwingcamango yokuba sonke isiprofeto siyinto engenakwenzeka, lo kaPorphyry wayibethelela into yokuba incwadi ethiywe ngegama likaDaniyeli eneneni yabhalwa ngumYuda ongaziwayo ebudeni bexesha lamaMakhabhi, kwinkulungwane yesibini Ngaphambi kweXesha Eliqhelekileyo, oko kukuthi emva kokuba ezininzi zeziganeko ezaxelwa ngenx’ engaphambili kuDaniyeli zenzekile. Wacinga ukuba umkhohlisi owabhala ezenza uDaniyeli wenza ngolo hlobo ukuze axhase iimfundiso zamaYuda ebudeni bexesha lemvukelo yamaMakhabhi nxamnye namaSeluki kwinkulungwane yesibini Ngaphambi kweXesha Eliqhelekileyo. Kodwa ngaba ihambo kaDaniyeli neyamaqabane akhe amathathu angamaHebhere yentlonelo nengeyoyamvukelo eBhabhiloni inokugqalwa nangayiphi na indlela njengekhuthaza imvukelo yabantu abaxhobileyo? Akunjalo ngokupheleleyo. (Daniyeli 1:8; 2:49; 3:16-18, 30) Ukuvela ‘komthanjisiwa oyinganga’ ngexesha elichanileyo lowama-29 C.E., ekupheleni ‘kweeveki’ zeminyaka ezingama-69 zikaDaniyeli 9:25, nako kwenza amabango kaPorphyry enkulungwane yesibini Ngaphambi kweXesha Eliqhelekileyo abonakale ebubudenge.

Ngokutsho kombhali-mbali wamaYuda uJosephus, uluhlu lweZibhalo zesiHebhere, oluquka uDaniyeli, lwagqitywa ngexesha likaEzra, ngenkulungwane yesihlanu Ngaphambi kweXesha Eliqhelekileyo. Ngoko, kunokutshiwo njani ukuba uDaniyeli akazange abhalwe de ‘kwangumhla wamva’ wenkulungwane yesibini Ngaphambi kweXesha Eliqhelekileyo? Ngokubhekele phaya, iMisongo yoLwandle Olufileyo ibonise ukuba incwadi kaDaniyeli yayamkelwe ngokubanzi njengeSibhalo ngamaYuda ngenkulungwane yesibini Ngaphambi kweXesha Eliqhelekileyo. Ngaba oku kwakunokwenzeka ukuba le ncwadi yayibhalwe kamva?

Enye impikiswano esetyenziswa nguPorphyry nangabanye abahlalutyi abaphakamileyo yeyokuba incwadi kaDaniyeli inezinto zembali ezingachananga. Ingcamango yabo yeyokuba uDaniyeli wabhalwa ngenkulungwane yesibini Ngaphambi kweXesha Eliqhelekileyo. Kodwa ngelo xesha, amaYuda aqondayo ayegatye Incwadi yokuQala yamaMakhabhi njengengakufanelanga ukuqukwa kuluhlu lweZibhalo, nakubeni ayeyigqala iyechanileyo ngokwembali. AmaYuda afundileyo, awafikelela ekubhaleni kwababhali-mbali behlabathi abanjalo njengoHerodotus, ngokuqinisekileyo ngewayeyigatyile incwadi kaDaniyeli ukuba yayineempazamo kwizinto zembali. Ngaphezu koko, abafumani bezinto zakudala baye babumela ubukho bukaBheleshatsare nezinye iinkcukacha ezikuDaniyeli oko okaPorphyry nabahlalutyi abaninzi abaphakamileyo bakugqala kungachananga.

Ngokubhekisele kwisityholo sikaPorphyry sokuba iziprofeto zikaDaniyeli zabhalwa emva kweziganekoezazixelwe ngenx’engaphambili, u Philip R. Davies weSebe Lezifundo zeBhayibhile, kwiYunivesithi yaseSheffield, eNgilani, uyabhala: “Esi sisigqibo esibuhlungu ngencwadi kaDaniyeli ukuthi yayiyinkohliso epheleleyo eyayenzelwe abaphulaphuli (ngokucingelwa) ababekholelwa lula kuyo ukuze, ngokungathi kunjalo, iphumeze iinjongo ezintle ngeendlela ezingeyonyaniso”. Ndifumana kunzima ukuthi abafundi bangaphambili bale ncwadi babekholelwa ngokulula, ukuba kukho abantu abakholwa ngokulula kule meko, kutshiwo abahlalutyi abafuna iindlela zokuzithethelela.”—Journal for the Study of the Old Testament, Inkupho 17, 1980.

Kunganzima ukuba kumangalise ukuba isithandi-bulumko sakutshanje sengcamango entsha kaPlato sikukhanyele ukuba umbhali weBhayibhile wayephefumlelwe nguThixo ukuba aprofete ngeziganeko zexesha elizayo. Kodwa ibuhlungu into yokuba abaphononongi beBhayibhile abazibanga bengamaKristu babe bazama ukuyisingela phantsi intembelo yabantu ekwincwadi ebalulekileyo yesiprofeto yeZibhalo. Ityhila ukungabi nalukholo kuLowo wathi: “Ukuxelayo kwasekuqaleni okungasemva, nakwabamandulo okungekenzeki.”—lsaya 46:10.

[Umzobo okwiphepha 5]

(Ukuze ufumane inkcazelo epheleleyo, jonga encwadini)

Iivekie zingama-70 (iminyaka engama-490)

Iiveki ezingama-69

(iminyaka engama-483)

455 B.C.E

“Kuthabathe ekuphumeni kweli lizwi lokuba ibuyiswe yakhiwe iYerusalem, . . . ”

Iveki e-1 (iminyaka esi-7)

29 C.E

“kuse kumthanjiswa oyinganga, . . . ”

33 C.E

“Uya kunqunyulwa umthanjiswa, . . . ”

36 C.E

“yobaqinisela umnqophiso iveki enye”

Daniyeli 9:24-27

[Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 7]

IBhabhiloni

AmaMedi NamaPersi

IGrisi

IRome—IBritani neU.S.A.