Inkululeko Yonqulo Iyahlaselwa Egrisi
NGABA uyixabisile inkululeko? Abantu abaninzi bayixabisile. Kakade ke, bafuna ukukhululeka ukuze babe nezimvo ezahlukeneyo kwizinto ezinjengezobupolitika, ezoqoqosho nezonqulo, kwimida yomthetho nocwangco. Kwelinye icala, ukutshutshiswa ngenxa yezimvo zikabani kuzisa engqondweni Ukuthuthunjiswa Kwabantu Kwiminyaka Yamaxesha Aphakathi.
Oku kunokuthanani neGrisi, ilizwe elihle elakhiwe kwimpuma yeMeditera? Kwelo lizwe, kukho imeko engaqhelekanga engavisisaniyo nenkululeko yolawulo-melo.
Ukusingelwa Phantsi Kwenkululeko Negama Elihle
Kangangethuba elide iGrisi ibibizwa ngokuba “yindawo eyazala ulawulo-melo.” Eneneni, ngowe-1975 iGrisi yamkela uMthethosiseko wolawulo-melo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ngenkululeko exatyiswe ngabantu. Yaye urhulumente waseGrisi ubambelele kwezo ziqinisekiso.
Noko ke, eGrisi kukho abo bazama ukuyisingela phantsi inkululeko yayo nabalenzakalisa ngokunzulu igama elihle leGrisi zwenibanzi. Aba bangemthetho baye baxhokonxa baza bakhokela amahlokondiba akhohlakeleyo ukuba ahlasele abemi baseGrisi abanoxolo, baye bacinezela abasemagunyeni ukuba bababambe baze babavalele, yaye baye bazabalazela ukubandeza la maGrike agcina umthetho inkululeko yawo. Oku kuye kwaqhubeka kangangeminyaka emininzi ngoku, phezu kwazo nje iziqinisekiso zomthetho-siseko.
Kutheni konke oku kuye kwenzeka nje? Ngoobani abangamaxhoba? Ngoobani abangabatshutshisi? Iphephandaba laseGrisi linokukuxelela okuthile malunga nale meko.
Ukuhlaselwa Nokubanjwa
UMthetho-siseko waseGrisi uvakalisa ukuba “amaGrike aya kuba nelungelo lokuhlanganisana ngoxolo yaye engaxhobanga.” Ukwavakalisa ukuba “inkululeko yesazela esingokonqulo ayinakupheliswa,” yaye wongezelela usithi: “Zonke iinkonzo ezaziwayo ziza kukhululeka yaye iinkqubo zazo zonqulo ziza kwenziwa ngaphandle kokuthintelwa yaye ngaphantsi kokukhuselwa ngumthetho.”
Ngaloo ndlela, ngeCawa, ngoJuni 15, walo nyaka, amakhulukhulu amaNgqina kaYehova ahlanganisana ngoxolo kwiholo yaseLarisa, eGrisi. Ayelapho ukuze afundisise iBhayibhile nokuze axubushe ngeendlela zokuphucula ukusebenzisa imigaqo yayo yobuKristu kubomi bawo bemihla ngemihla.
Kanti, phawula okwenzekayo. Iphephandaba lasekuhlaleni i-I Larisa lanikela le ngxelo: “Amakhulukhulu abantu, ngokukodwa amalungu eentlangano [zeCawa yobuOrthodox bamaGrike] zedolophu yethu, kukho nabefundisi abambalwa ababekhokele, aqalisa ukuhlanganisana, aza aqalisa ukuvakalisa ukungakholwa kwawo ngabo babeseholweni—amaNgqina kaYehova angaphezu kwama-700, isihlwele sasibonakala ngokungathi sasilungele ukungena eholweni ukuze sinqumamise loo ndibano.”
Oko kwaqhubeka malunga neeyure ezintathu. Ekugqibeleni elo hlokondiba lachithachithwa liqela elikhulu labakwantsasana. Isimo sengqondo sabefundisi ababexhokonxa elo hlokondiba sachazwa liphephandaba laseLarisa iEleftheria xa lacaphula la mazwi omfundisi wobuOrthodox bamaGrike: “Kwixesha elizayo xa usibonda wedolophu enikela le holo [kumaNgqina], siya kuthabatha imihlakulo size sidilize yonke into!” Ibe ubhishophu wakuvakalisa ekuhleni ukukholiswa kwakhe zizenzo zelo hlokondiba.
Kwiphephandaba laseLarisa i-I Alithia, umbhali uSarantos Vounatsos wavakalisa ukuba ulithiyile inyathelo elathatyathwa ngabefundisi. Wathi isimo sengqondo selo hlokondiba sasifana neso sesihlwele esasifundekela sifuna ukuba uYesu abulawe, sikhwaza sisithi: “Makabethelelwe emthini!” Ethetha ngehlokondiba laseLarisa, wabhala oku: “‘Inkokeli’ yalo yayingumfundisi . . . onesimo sempambano! Wayesongela, enyelisa, eshumayela ngokugwagwisa yaye kwawakuthethayo . . . wanika bonke ababengaphakathi isaziso semizuzu emihlanu sokushiya iholo . . . ‘kungenjalo siza kungena size sibaqhekeze iintloko.’”
Inqaku leli phephandaba labhekisa kumfundisi laza lathi: “Ngaba uzama ukuqweba isibindi ngezenzo zabaFarisi? Ke, lumka, ngenxa yokuba ukuba uyaqhubeka akuyi kuyifumana inceba okanye ubabalo [lukaThixo], kanti kwanolwethu.”
Intshutshiso enjalo asikuphela kwesiganeko kwelo lizwe. Kuye kwabanjwa amakhulukhulu abantu abakholwayo abangengomaOrthodox kwiminyaka embalwa edluleyo, “kuquka amaNgqina kaYehova angama-890 ngowe-1983 kuphela,” yatsho njalo iThe Wall Street Journal. Ibe kulo nyaka, ngokutsho kwengxelo yephephandaba laseAthens iEleftherotipia, umfundisi wahlasela iNgqina elineminyaka engama-76 ubudala, uVasili Kapeleri, nto leyo ekugqibeleni eyaphumela ekufeni kukaKapeleri.
Isimo Sengqondo Seminyaka Yobumnyama
Unobangela wale ngxaki ngabefundisi beCawa yobuOrthordox bamaGrike. Ekubeni ilunqulo oluphambili eGrisi, abefundisi banoluvo lokuba amaNgqina kaYehova akanalungelo lakubakho. Ngoko bazama ukubandeza amaNgqina inkululeko yawo ngokusebenzisa amahlokondiba, ngokuwahlasela, ngokuwavalela ezintolongweni nangokuwacinezela ezinkundleni. Ebutsheni balo nyaka, ukuchasa kwabefundisi kwaphumela ekubeni inkundla yaseCrete ingawaniki amaNgqina intlonelo engokwasemthethweni.
Enkundleni, iCawa yobuOrthordox yathi amaNgqina kaYehova “akayonkonzo yaziwa kakuhle neyamkelekileyo,” yaye “akanakuthi ngokufanelekileyo abizwe ngokuba angamaKristu.” Ngoko iCawa iqinisekisa ukuba amaNgqina akafanele abe nelungelo lokwakha izindlu zawo zokunqula okanye abenalo naliphi na ilungelo lokuthetha ngonqulo kwabanye. Kodwa isimo sengqondo esinjalo sesamaxesha aphakathi. Sibonakalisa umoya Wokuthuthumbisa abantu, kungekhona lowo wokuba ‘ngunozala wolawulo-melo.’
AmaNgqina kaYehova awazami kwalela iCawa yobuOrothodox ukuba ibe nelungelo lokuba neecawa zayo nokushumayela oko ifuna ukukushumayela. Kodwa kwesi sizukulwana sanamhlanje, ngaba loo Cawa ifanele inyanzelise iimbono zayo ezingokonqulo kubo bonke abantu? Ibe ngaba oko kufanele kubekho ingakumbi kwibutho labantu bolawulo-melo apho kukho izimvo ezahlukahlukene kakhulu? Alikho elinye ilizwe lolawulo-melo kwawaseNtshona elikwenzayo oku.
Ehlabathini lonke, amaNgqina kaYehova amkelwa ngokusemthethweni njengonqulo lobuKristu. Oorhulumente abaneembono ezahlukahlukeneyo zobupolitika baye bawanika ilungelo elingokwasemthethweni lokwakha iindawo zokunqula nokubambelela kwiinkolelo zawo. Into yokuba esaziwa kakuhle zizizwe ngezizwe njengonqulo lobuKristu inokubonwa kwisibakala sokuba anabalungiseleli abakhutheleyo abangaphezu kwezigidi ezithathu, nabanye abazizigidi ezihlanu abaya kwiintlanganiso zawo. Yaye alungelelaniswe angamabandla angama-50 000 kumazwe angaphezu kwama-200.
Ngoko ibubudenge into yokuba abefundisi bathi amaNgqina kaYehova ‘akalonqulo lobuKristu lwaziwayo.’ Isimo sengqondo sabefundisi siyalihlambela igama elihle lorhulumente wolawulo-melo waseGrisi. Kwakhona sisisithuko kwizigidi zezigidi zamaNgqina zwenibanzi angamaKristu azinikeleyo nayaziyo into yokuba amakholwa amaninzi angoowabo aye abulawa ngenxa yokholo lwawo.
Ngaba Ayintlangano “Efihlakeleyo”?
Okunye okububudenge ngendlela efanayo kukuthi kweCawa kwinkundla yaseCrete amaNgqina kaYehova ayintlangano “efihlakeleyo.” ICawa yathi: “Iinkolelo zamaNgqina kaYehova azaziwa ngokupheleleyo ibe azityhilekanga ngokuphandle . . . Akanazo ‘izindlu zokuthandaza’ engenazo neendawo zokunqula zasekuhleni apho nabani na anokungena ngokukhululekileyo. Izithethe zawo zonqulo azizange zakha zatyhilwa ngokupheleleyo.”
Nabani na onokude abe akaqhelananga kangako namaNgqina kaYehova uyayazi into yokuba izimangalo ezinjalo zibubuxoki obupheleleyo. limfundiso zawo zishicilelwe ukuze nabani na azihlole, yaye iintlanganiso zawo zivulekele ngesisa bonke abantu abanocwangco. Enyanisweni, amaNgqina afundisa iBhayibhile kwizigidi zabantu kumakhaya abo ehlabathini lonke ukuze abaqhelanise nezo nkolelo! Ibe iiofisi zesebe leWatch Tower zwenibanzi zamkela amawakawaka eendwendwe veki nganye.
Kodwa nantsi into ephikisanayo. Kutheni le nto amaNgqina eGrisi engenako ukuhlanganisana “kwizindlu zokuthandaza”? Kungenxa yokuba alibandeziwe ilungelo lokuzakha! Ekubeni engavunyelwanga ukuba abe nezi holo, amele ahlanganisane kumakhaya abantu. Ke iCawa ithi aneentlanganiso ezifihlakeleyo! Kanti, kwihlabathi lonke amaNgqina kaYehova aye akha amawakawaka ezakhiwo ezikhulu zokunqula. Kodwa akanakukwenza oko eGrisi.
Ngaloo ndlela, unokusiqonda kakuhle isizathu sokuba amabango eCawa, njengokuba uJohn Manoledakis, onguNjingalwazi woMthetho Wokohlwaywa Kwaboni kwiYunivesithi yaseThessalonica eGrisi, ekuchaza oku, abe akabonisi okuhle konke konke ngenjongo ecetyiweyo yeCawa [yobuOrthodox bamaGrike] okanye ngokubhadla komhlambi wayo.”
Ngoobani AbangamaKristu?
Kwinkulungwane yokuqala, uYesu nabalandeli bakhe babengamaxhoba entshutshiso, okuhlaselwa ngamahlokondiba, okuvalelwa entolongweni nokubulawa. Babengoobani abatshutshisi babo abaphambili? Yayingabefundisi belo xesha.
Ngokomzekelo, phawula okwenzekayo xa uYesu wavusa uLazaro ekufeni: “Ababingeleli abakhulu nabaFarisi . . . babhunga ukuba bambulale [uYesu].” Benganeliswanga koko, “ababingeleli abakhulu babhunga ukuze bambulale noLazaro; ngokuba ngenxa yakhe abaninzi bamaYuda bemka, bakholwa kuye uYesu.” Yaye ekugqibeleni, “ababingeleli abakhulu namadoda amakhulu [onqulo] bazeyisela izihlwele ekuthini zicele uBharabhas, zimtshabalalise uYesu.”—Yohane 11:47, 53; 12:10, 11; Mateyu 27:20.
Ayimangalisi into yokuba uYesu abe wathi kubo: “Yeha, nina babhali, baFarisi, bahanahanisindini! Ngokuba nifana namangcwaba aqatywe ifutha, athi abonakale emahle okunene ngaphandle, kanti ngaphakathi azele ngamathambo abafileyo nokungcola konke. Ngokukwanjalo nani ngaphandle okunene nibonakala kubantu ningamalungisa, kanti ngaphakathi nizele luhanahaniso nokuchasene nomthetho.” (Mateyu 23:27, 28) Kwakhona, ngokufuthi abefundisi baxhokonxa abanye nxamnye nabafundi bakaYesu.
Akukho ndawo uYesu awayalela kuyo ukuba amaKristu atshutshise, avalele entolongweni, ahlasele, okanye acele ihlokondiba lihlasele abo babengavumelani nawo. Ngaloo ndlela, kwinkulungwane yokuqala amaKristu okwenene yayingabo babetshutshiswa, kungengobatshutshisi. Abatshutshisi yayingabefundisi nabo baxhokonxwa ngabo. Namhlanje kuyinto efanayo naseGrisi.
Ngaba ‘Angabachasi-Kristu’?
ICawa yobuOrthodox bamaGrike yakwathi: “AmaNgqina kaYehova asikokuba nje akanakubizwa ngokufanelekileyo ngokuthi ngamaKristu, oko kukuthi, abafundi bakaKristu, kodwa ngokwahlukileyo koko, . . . angabachasi-Kristu.”
Ithini iBhayibhile ‘ngomchasi-Kristu’? Kweyoku-1 kaYohane 2:22 ithi: “Ngubani na ixoki, ingenguye okhanyelayo ukuba uYesu unguye uKristu? Lowo ungumchasi-Kristu, omkhanyelayo uYise noNyana.”
Ngaloo ndlela, isibakala esicacileyo seLizwi likaThixo eliphefumlelweyo sikukuba umchasi-Kristu akamamkeli uYesu. Kodwa amaNgqina kaYehova ayamamkela! Akholelwa ngeyona nzondelelo inkulu kuYesu yaye alandela iimfundiso zakhe! Enyanisweni, akukho namnye unokuba liNgqina likaYehova ngaphandle kokuthi amkele uYesu njengoNyana kaThixo, owehla evela ezulwini, wabethelelwa emthini waza wavuswa, nowabuyela ezulwini.
Ngoko nabani na othi amaNgqina kaYehova “angumchasi-Kristu” kusenokuba ufundiswe kakubi, umfanyekiswe mgumkhethe, okanye uneentshukumisa ezingendawo.
‘Ngaba Akhuthaza Ulawulo Lwasemhlabeni LobuYuda’?
Okunye okuthethwa yiCawa yobuOrthodox kukuba amaNgqina kaYehova akhuthaza ulawulo lwamaYuda emhlabeni. ICawa ivakalisa oku: “Injongo yawo yokwenene nengaqondakaliyo, ngokupheleleyo egcinwe emfihlakalweni kuninzi lwabantu abanamathele kuwo, kukumiselwa ‘koBukumkani bazwenibanzi Bolawulo Lobuthixo LobuYuda’ obuza kusebenza bulawulwa eYerusalem.”
Khawubuze izigidi zamaNgqina ukuba ziyakukholelwa na oko! Akukho namnye wawo okholelwayo koko. Ngoxa ngaxa lithile wambi acinga ukuba iziprofeto ezithile zisenokuba bezisebenza kwiPalestina yokoqobo kule nkulungwane, loo mbono kwahlukwana nayo ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 eyadlulayo!
IMizekeliso 4:18 ithi ‘umendo wamalungisa unjengokukhanya komso okuya kuba mhlophe ngokuba mhlophe.’ Oku kukhanyiselwa kwandayo, okomelezwa kukuzaliseka kwesiprofeto seBhayibhile, ngokucacileyo kubonisa ukuba iRiphabliki yanamhlanje yakwaSirayeli ayinakuze imamkele uYesu Kristu njengoMesiya. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuthi amaNgqina angamaKristu akhuthaza ubukumkani basemhlabeni bamaYuda obulawulwa eYerusalem bobunye ubudenge. Kunoko, akhuthaza ulawulo lwasezulwini loBukumkani bukaThixo, njengokuba uYesu wafundisayo.—Mateyu 4:17; 6:10.
Iimfundiso EzingezozaBhayibhile
Phakathi kwezinto ezisetyenziswa ngabefundisi ukuxhokonxa abanye nxamnye namaNgqina kaYehova sisibakala sokuba amaNgqina akazamkeli iimfundiso ezithile zeCawa. Eyona iphambili kwezi mfundiso nguBathathu Emnye. Kodwa siyintoni isizathu sokuba oku kufanele kunxulumane nolawulomelo eGrisi? Kutheni le nto wonke ubani emele akholelwe kuBathathu Emnye ukuze anandiphe inkululeko apho?
AmaNgqina kaYehova awakukhanyeli ukuba nguthixo kukaYesu, okanye ubuthixo bakhe. Ayakwamkela oko uYohane 1:1 akutshoyo ngaye, ukuba ‘unguthixo.’ Noko ke, iCawa ithi uYesu ‘akangothixo’ nje kuphela kodwa unguThixo onguSomandla, uyinxalenye yabantu abathathu abaphila ngokulinganayo, abalinganayo ngamandla.
IBhayibhile, iLizwi likaThixo eliphefumleIweyo, ayikufundisi oko. Endaweni yoko, ngokucacileyo ithi: “Kuba wenjenje uThixo ukulithanda kwakhe ihlabathi, ude wancama uNyana wakhe okuphela kwamzeleyo.” (Yohane 3:16) UYesu akazange athi unguThixo ongusomandla nangaliphi na ixesha. Wathi ‘wayenguNyana okuphela kwamzeleyo uThixo.’ Nakuphi na ukufundwa kweZibhalo okungahanahanisiyo kuya kukungqinela oko.—Yohane 3:18; 10:34-36.
Ngokufuthi uYesu wathi: “UNyana akanakwenza nto ngokwakhe, engathanga abone uYise eyenza.” “Ngokuba ndihle emazulwini, ndingaze kwenza ukuthanda kwam; ndize kwenza ukuthanda kwalowo wandithumayo.” “Eyam imfundiso asiyam, yeyalowo wandithumayo.” “UBawo mkhulu kunam.” Ibe iLizwi likaThixo longezelela lisithi: “NoNyana ngokwakhe athotyelwe [kuThixo].”—Yohane 5:19; 6:38; 7:16; 14:28; 1 Korinte 15:28.
Ngaloo ndlela uBathathu Emnye akakho ngokweZibhalo. Ngoko, wavela phi? WamkeIwa kwibhunga laseNicea ngowama-325 C.E. xa abawexuki bangenisa ingcamango yobuhedeni eyavela kwiYiputa neBhabhiloni yamandulo. Njengokuba umbhali-mbali uWill Durant watshoyo kwiThe Story of Civilization: Part III: “UbuKristu abuzange bubutshabalalise ubuhedeni; babamkela. . . . EYiputa kwavela iingcamango zobathathu emnye ongcwele.” Yaye iThe New Encyclopœdia Britannica ithi: “Igama uBathathu Emnye okanye imfundiso yakhe ecacileyo ayibonakali kwiTestamente Entsha . . . Le mfundiso yavela ngokuthe ngcembe ngaphezu kweqela leenkulungwane yaye yatyhubela iimpikiswano ezininzi.”
Phofu ke, ukuba iCawa yobuOrthodox ifuna ukukholelwa kuBathathu Emnye, oko kulilungelo layo. Kodwa kwilizwe lolawulo-melo ayinalo ilungelo lokutshutshisa, lokuxbokonxa amablokondiba nokubamba abantu nelokwalela amaNgqina kaYebova ukuba angabi nayo inkululeko yawo ngenxa yokuba engakholelwa kuBathathu Emnye.
Ukuphakamisa Ulawulo-melo EGrisi
UMthetho-siseko waseGrisi ucacile xa usithi: “Inkululeko yesazela esingokonqulo ayinakupheliswa. . . . Zonke iinkonzo ezaziwayo ziza kukhululeka yaye iinkqubo zazo zonqulo ziza kwenziwa ngaphandle kokuthintelwa yaye ngaphantsi kokukhuselwa ngumthetho.”
AmaNgqina kaYehova, esaziwa kakuhle yaye esamkelwa ngokusemthethweni zizizwe ngezizwe, aphakamisa loo migaqo yolawulomelo. Afuna ukuba nayo iGrisi iyiphakamise, ize ingavumeli nayiphi na icawa ukuba inyanzelise isimo sayo sengqondo sokuthuthumbisa abantu ngokutshutshisa abo bangavumelaniyo neembono zayo.
Abefundisi beCawa yobuOrthodox bamaGrike bebeya kwenza kakuhle ukuthobela icebiso lomfundisi womthetho wenkulungwane yokuqala, uGamaliyeli. Ethetha nabefundisi ababetshutshisa abalandeli bakaKristu, wathi: “Kungoku ke ndithi kuni, Khwelelani kwaba bantu nibayeke; ngokuba eli cebo, nalo msebenzi, ukuba lingaba lelabantu, lotshitsha: ukuba ke lelikaThixo, aninakulitshitshisa; hleze nifunyanwe ningabalwa kwanoTbixo.”—IZenzo 5:34-39.
Kwakweso siganeko sinye, abalandeli abangamaKristu bakaYesu Kristu bathi: “Simelwe kukuthi sive uThixo kunokuba sive abantu.” Leyo ikwayindlela amaNgqina kaYehova angamaKristu ayijonga ngayo imicimbi namhlanje. Leyo yinto aza kuqhubeka eyenza eGrisi kungakhathaliseki ukuba abefundisi bafuna ntoni na.—IZenzo 5:29.
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 7]
UPetros nabanye abapostile baxelela abefundisi bomhla wabo bathi: “Simelwe kukuthi sive uThixo kunokuba sive abantu”