ICodex Bezae—Umbhalo-Ngqangi Okhethekileyo

UTHÉODORE DE BÈZE, umphengululi owaziwayo ongumFrentshi weZibhalo zamaKristu zesiGrike, wayesisinxulumani esisondeleyo nelandela lomhlaziyi wamaProtestanti uJohn Calvin. Ngonyaka we-1562, to kaBeza, njengoko esaziwa ngokuqheleke ngakumbi ngolo hlobo, wavelisa umbhalongqangi ongaqhelekanga wamandulo. Wathi wayewufumene kumzi woonongendi ‘weNgcwele’ uIrenaeus eLyons, eFransi, emva kokuba isixeko siye saphangwa ngamaHuguenots. Indawo owawuvela kuyo ayaziwa ngokucacileyo, kodwa indawo ekunokwenzeka ukuba wawuvela kuyo kuseMntla Afrika okanye eYiputa.

Lo mbhalo-ngqangi unobude obuziisentimitha ezingama-25 nezingama-20 ububanzi yaye iye yavunywa ngokubanzi into yokuba ubukho ukususela kwinkulungwane yesihlanu kwiXesha lethu Eliqhelekileyo, emva kancinane nje kwemibhalo-ngqangi yeSinaitic, yeVatican neyeAlexandrine. Unamaphepha angama-406 ibe uqulethe kuphela iincwadi ezine zeVangeli neyeZenzo zabaPostile, nezikhewu ezithile. Kodwa iCodex Bezae isenokuba ekuqaleni yayiquke ezinye iincwadi, kuba kukho inxalenye yencwadi yesithathu kaYohane. Iincwadi zeVangeli kaMateyu nekaYohane zandulela ezo zikaLuka noMarko.

Lo mbhalo-ngqangi ungumzekelo wantlandlolo wemibhalo eyayibhalwe ngeelwimi ezimbini, olwesiGrike lukwiphepha elingasekhohlo nolwesiLatini lukwiphepha elingasekunene. Kunokwenzeka ukuba ungumbhalo-ngqangi okwiphepha elalisenziwa ngohlobo oluthile lwemizi olunemibhalo yantlandlolo, olufana nolunye uhlobo lwemibhalo-ngqangi yenkulungwane yesithathu neyesine eyayisaziwa njengeP²⁹, P³⁸, neP⁴⁸.

Ibhalwe ngoonobumba abakhulu abangqindilili, nabahle, iCodex Bezae ayibhalwanga ngohlobo lokuba izalise imigca kulo lonke iphepha. Ibhalwe ngemigca enobude obungalinganiyo, ukuze isiphelo somgca ngamnye sinikele ikhefu kofundayo. IsiLatini sibhalwe ngokungaqhelekanga ngohlobo lwamagama esiGrike, yaye umbhalo uye wahlengahlengiswa ukuze ufundeke ngesiGrike kwiimeko ezininzi. Umbhalo wesiGrike, kwelinye icala, wahluke ngokupheleleyo ibe uye walungiswa zizandla ezininzi, kuquka ezo zombhali wantlandlolo.

ICodex Bezae imelwa ngunobumba ongokwasemthethweni ongu-“D.” Yahluke ngokupheleleyo ibe ayiveliswanga ngokusuka kuyo nayiphi na eminye imibhalo-ngqangi yangaphambili. Njengokuba imibhalo esemazantsi kwiNew World Translation of the Holy Scriptures ibonisa, to mbhalo-ngqangi maxa wambi uyangqinelana uze maxa wambi ungangqinelani nemibhalo-ngqangi enjengeSinaitic (א), iVatican (B), neAlexandrine (A). Ixabiso elikhulu lalo mbhalo-ngqangi lisekubeni uyayingqinela eminye imibhalo-ngqangi ebalulekileyo kunakwiimpawu zawo ezingaqhelekanga zokuba nezikhewu nokongezelela okuthile.—Bona imibhalo esemazantsi kwiNew World Translation of the Holy Scriptures—With References, kuMateyu 23:14; 24:36; 27:49; Marko 7:16; 9:44, 46; 11:26; Luka 15:21; Yohane 5:4.

Phezu kwayo nje imibhalo ethile engaqhelekanga nokwahluka kwayo, iCodex Bezae ibobunye ubungqina obuhle bokulondolozwa kweBhayibhile kude kube ngumhla wethu.

[Inkcazelo Ngemifanekiso ekwiphepha 24]

Ngasentla: By permission of the Syndics of Cambridge University Library

Ngasekhohlo: Courtesy of the Trustees of the British Museum