Kwenzeke Ntoni Kwisihogo Somlilo?
YINTONI ethi qatha engqondweni xa usiva igama elithi “isihogo”? Ngaba usibona isihogo njengendawo yokoqobo yomlilo nesalfure, indawo yentuthumbo nembandezelo engapheliyo? Okanye ngaba mhlawumbi isihogo yinkcazelo engokomfuziselo yemeko ethile?
Kangangeenkulungwane, iinkokeli zonqulo zeNgqobhoko bezisoloko zithetha ngesihogo somlilo njengendawo abaya kuthuthunjiswa kuyo aboni. Le iseyingcamango eyamkelwa ngokubanzi kwiinkonzo ezininzi. IU.S.News & World Report, ithi: “Igama elithi isihogo liye laxhaphaka phakathi kwamaKristu, kodwa asingawo odwa alisebenzisayo. Kwiinkonzo ezinkulu nakwezinye ezincinane emhlabeni kuthethwa ngesohlwayo esibuhlungu emva kokufa.” AmaHindu, amaBhuda, amaSilamsi, amaJain, namaTao akholelwa kuhlobo oluthile lwesihogo.
Noko ke, kule mihla isihogo siye sajongwa ngenye indlela. Eli phephancwadi likhankanywe ngaphambilana lithi: “Nangona abantu besakholelwa ekuthuthunjisweni ngomlilo, kule mihla kuqalisa ukuvela iimbono ezintsha ngembandezelo engunaphakade ezibonisa ukuba isihogo asiyondawo etshisayo njengokuba bekucingwa ngaphambili, kodwa kukulahlwa ebugxwayibeni.”
Ulindixesha wamaJesuit iLa Civiltà Cattolica wathi: “Bubuxoki . . . ukucinga ukuba uThixo, esebenzisa iidemon, unokugweba abantu abangendawo ngokubathuthumbisa ngomlilo.” Wahlabela mgama esithi: “Isihogo asiyondawo kodwa yimeko, intlungu umntu aba kuyo ngokwahlukana kwakhe noThixo.” Ngowe-1999 uPope John II wathi: “Kunokuba sibe yindawo, isihogo siyimeko yabo bathi ngokuzithandela bazahlukanise ngokupheleleyo noThixo, umniki wabo bonke ubomi novuyo.” Ethetha ngemifanekiso yesihogo njengendawo enomlilo, wathi: “Ibonisa imbandezelo nobomi obulilize ubani abuphilayo ngaphandle koThixo.” Umbhali-mbali wecawa uMartin Marty wathi ukuba upopu wayechaze isihogo “njengendawo enamadangatye apho umtyholi anxibe khona isuti ebomvu ephethe ifolokhwe, abantu babengayi kukukholelwa oko.”
Kwenzeka iinguqulelo ezifanayo nakwezinye iinkonzo. Ingxelo yebhunga elingeemfundiso zaseTshetshi lathi: “Isihogo asikokuthuthunjiswa ngonaphakade, kodwa kukukhetha kukabani indlela echasene noThixo yaye loo mntu uya kuphelela nje ekubeni angabikho.”
Incwadi engeemfundiso zonqulo zeCawa eyiUnited States Episcopal ichaza isihogo “njengokufa ngonaphakade ngenxa yokumlahla kwethu uThixo.” IU.S.News & World Report, ithi abantu abaninzi basasaza imbono yokuba “isiphelo sabangendawo yintshabalalo, kungekhona ukubandezeleka ngonaphakade. . . . [Bathi] abo ekugqibeleni bamkhanyelayo uThixo baya kutshatyalaliswa ‘ngomlilo odlayo’ wesihogo.”
Nangona kule mihla abantu bezama ukushenxa kwingcamango yomlilo nesalfure, abaninzi basaqhubeka bekholelwa ukuba isihogo yindawo yokoqobo yokuthuthunjiswa. UAlbert Mohler weSouthern Baptist Theological Seminary eLouisville, eKentucky, eUnited States uthi: “ISibhalo sithetha ngokucacileyo ngesihogo njengendawo yokuthuthunjiswa ngomlilo.” Yaye ingxelo ethi The Nature of Hell, elungiselelwe yiEvangelical Alliance Commission, ithi: “Isihogo yimvakalelo yokulahlwa nokuthuthunjiswa.” Yongezelela ngelithi: “Abantu esihogweni bohlwaywa baze bathuthunjiswe ngeendlela ezingafaniyo kuxhomekeke ukuba bone kangakanani na emhlabeni.”
Kwakhona, ngaba isihogo yindawo yokuthuthunjiswa ngonaphakade okanye ukutshatyalaliswa? Okanye ngaba yimeko nje yokwahlukana noThixo? Kanye kanye siyintoni isihogo?
[Ibhokisi/Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 4]
Imbali Emfutshane Yesihogo Somlilo
ABO bathi bangamaKristu baqala nini ukwamkela imfundiso yesihogo somlilo? Le ngcamango yamkelwa emva kwexesha elide efile uYesu Kristu nabapostile bakhe. IEncyclopædia Universalis yesiFrentshi ithi: “Incwadi ethi Apocalypse of Peter (kwinkulungwane ye-2 C.E.) yayiyincwadi yokuqala yamaKristu [engaphefumlelwanga] eyathetha ngokugwetywa nokuthuthunjiswa kwaboni esihogweni.”
Noko ke, abaSeki beCawa bamandulo babengavumelani ngengcamango yesihogo. UJustin Martyr, uClement waseAlexandria, uTertullian, noCyprian babekholelwa ukuba isihogo yindawo enomlilo. UOrigen nomfundi wezakwalizwi uGregory waseNyssa babecinga ukuba isihogo yindawo yabantu abahlukaniswe noThixo—ukubandezeleka ngokomoya. Kwelinye icala, uAugustine waseHippo wayekholelwa ukuba esihogweni abantu babandezeleka ngokomoya nangokwenyama—imbono eyamkelwa ngokubanzi. UNjingalwazi J.N.D. Kelly wabhala: “Ngenkulungwane yesihlanu imfundiso yokuba aboni abasayi kuphinda banikwe ithuba emva kobu bomi nokuba umlilo oya kubadla awusayi kuze ucinywe yayisaziwa ngokubanzi.”
Kwinkulungwane ye-16, amaProtestanti anjengoMartin Luther noJohn Calvin babekuqonda ukuthuthunjiswa esihogweni njengento efuzisela ukuchitha ubomi bakho bonke wahlukaniswe noThixo. Noko ke, ingcamango yesihogo njengendawo yokuthuthumbisa yabuya kwiinkulungwane ezimbini ezalandelayo. Umfundisi ongumProtestanti uJonathan Edwards kwinkulungwane ye-18 wayedla ngokoyikisa abantu abangaphantsi kwaMazwe angamathanga aseMerika ngemizobo eyoyikisayo yesihogo.
Noko ke, kungekudala emva koko, amadangatye esihogo aqalisa ukuloziza ade acima. IU.S.News & World Report ithi: “Ingcamango yesihogo yaphantse yaphela ngenkulungwane yama-20.”
[Imifanekiso]
UJustin Martyr wayekholelwa ukuba isihogo sasiyindawo enomlilo
UAugustine waseHippo wafundisa ukuba umntu ubandezeleka esihogweni ngokomoya nangokwenyama