Isahluko 30

‘Ukukhusela Nokumisela Ngokusemthethweni Iindaba Ezilungileyo’

UKUTSHUTSHISWA ngokuqatha kwamaNgqina kaYehova kuye kwaphumela ekubeni asiwe kumagosa amapolisa, kubagwebi nakubalawuli emhlabeni wonke. Amatyala abandakanya amaNgqina afikelela kumawaka amaninzi, yaye amakhulu ala aye achotshelwa kwiinkundla eziphakamileyo. Oku kuye kwaba nomphumo ophawulekayo emthethweni yaye ngokufuthi komeleza iziqinisekiso ezisemthethweni zeenkululeko ezisisiseko zabantu ngokubanzi. Kodwa oku bekungeyiyo injongo eyintloko yamaNgqina kaYehova.

Umnqweno wawo oyintloko kukuvakalisa iindaba ezilungileyo zoBukumkani bukaThixo. Akathabathi amanyathelo angokwasemthethweni ngenxa yokuba engabaphembi bodushe entlalweni okanye abahlaziyi bomthetho. Injongo yawo ‘kukukhusela nokumisela ngokusemthethweni iindaba ezilungileyo,’ njengokuba kwakunjalo ngompostile uPawulos. (Fil. 1:7, NW) Ukuvela phambi kwamagosa aseburhulumenteni, enoba kungesicelo samaNgqina okanye kungenxa yokuba ebanjelwe umsebenzi wawo wobuKristu, kujongwa njengamathuba okunikela ubungqina. UYesu Kristu wabaxelela oku abalandeli bakhe: “Niya kusiwa phambi kwabalawuli nookumkani ngenxa yam, ze kube bubungqina kubo, nakuzo iintlanga.”—Mat. 10:18.

Amanyathelo Asemthethweni Kumazwe Ngamazwe

Kudala ngaphambi kwemfazwe yehlabathi yokuqala, abefundisi, ngokuphembelela abasemagunyeni basekuhlaleni, bazama ukuthintela ukusasazwa koncwadi ngaBafundi beBhayibhile kwimimandla yabo. Noko ke, emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I, inkcaso yathi chatha. Kumazwe ngamazwe, izithintelo ezisemthethweni zazo naziphi na iindlela ekunokucingwa ngazo zabekwa phambi kwabo babezama ukuthobela umyalelo kaKristu obuprofeti wokushumayela iindaba ezilungileyo zoBukumkani bukaThixo ngenjongo yokunikela ubungqina.—Mat. 24:14.

Beshukunyiswe bubungqina bokuzaliseka kwesiprofeto seBhayibhile, aBafundi beBhayibhile bemka kwindibano yabo eyayiseCedar Point, eOhio, ngowe-1922, bezimisele ukwazisa ihlabathi ukuba amaXesha Eentlanga ayephelile nokuba iNkosi yayilithabathile igunya layo elikhulu ibe yayilawula isezulwini njengoKumkani. “Mbhengezeni, mbhengezeni, mbhengezeni, uKumkani nobukumkani bakhe” lawo ngamazwi abaphuma enkenteza ezingqondweni zabo. Kwangaloo nyaka, abefundisi eJamani baphembelela amapolisa ukuba abambe abanye aBafundi beBhayibhile ngoxa babesasaza uncwadi lweBhayibhile. Esi yayingesosiganeko singaqhelekanga. Ngowe-1926, kwakukho amatyala anjalo angama-897 awayelindele ukuchotshelwa ziinkundla zamatyala eJamani. Kwakukho amatyala amaninzi kakhulu kangangokuba ngowe-1926 kwafuneka iWatch Tower Society iseke isebe lemicimbi yasemthethweni kwiofisi yalo yesebe eMagdeburg. Ebudeni bowe-1928, eJamani kuphela kwakukho amatyala ali-1 660 awaqaliswayo nxamnye naBafundi beBhayibhile, yaye ingcinezelo yaqhubeka isanda minyaka le. Abefundisi babezimisele ukuwuphelisa umsebenzi waBafundi beBhayibhile, yaye babevuya xa nasiphi na isigqibo senkundla sasibonisa ukuba babenomlinganiselo othile wempumelelo.

EUnited States, ngowe-1928 kwabanjwa aBafundi beBhayibhile ngenxa yokushumayela kwindlu ngendlu, eMzantsi Amboy, eNew Jersey. Kwiminyaka elishumi inani lababanjwayo minyaka le ngokuphathelele ubulungiseleli babo eUnited States lalingaphezu kwama-500. Ebudeni bowe-1936 elo nani landa kakhulu—ukuya kwi-1 149. Ukuze kunikelwe amacebiso afunekayo, kwafuneka ukuba kubekho isebe lemicimbi yasemthethweni nakwikomkhulu loMbutho.

Umsebenzi wokushumayela ngokucokisekileyo eRomania ngokufanayo wachaswa ngokuqatha ngababesemagunyeni ngoko. Ngokufuthi amaNgqina kaYehova awayesasaza uncwadi lweBhayibhile ayesoloko ebanjwa aze abethwe kanobom. Ukususela ngowe-1933 ukuya kowe-1939, amaNgqina apho ayejamelene namatyala angama-530. Noko ke, umthetho welo lizwe wawuneziqinisekiso zenkululeko, ngoko ukubhenela kwiNkundla Ephakamileyo yaseRomania kwazisa izigqibo ezifanelekileyo. Xa amapolisa aqalisa ukukuqonda oku, ayeluthimba uncwadi aze awaphathe kakubi amaNgqina kodwa azame ukukuphepha ukuwasa enkundleni. Emva kokuba ekugqibeleni uMbutho uvunyelwe ukubhalisa njengentlangano esemthethweni eRomania, abachasi bazabalazela ukuyiphelisa injongo yoku kubhaliswa ngokusemthethweni ngokufumana umyalelo wenkundla owawukwalela ukusasazwa koncwadi lweWatch Tower. Lo mthetho awuzange wamkelwe yinkundla ephakamileyo, kodwa sekunjalo abefundisi baphembelela umphathiswa ojongene nezonqulo ukuba athabathe inyathelo lokuchasa eso sigqibo.

EItali naseHungary, njengaseRomania, uncwadi lweBhayibhile olwalusetyenziswa ngamaNgqina lwathinjwa ngamapolisa phantsi koorhulumente ababelawula ngoko. Kwenziwa okufanayo eJapan, eKorea, naseGold Coast (ngoku ebizwa ngokuba yiGhana). AmaNgqina kaYehova awayesuka kwamanye amazwe ayalelwa ukuba alishiye elaseFransi. Kangangeminyaka emininzi akukho Ngqina likaYehova elafumana imvume yokungena eSoviet Union ukuze lishumayele ngoBukumkani bukaThixo.

Njengoko kwakugquba umoya wobuhlanga kulo lonke ihlabathi ukususela ngowe-1933 ukusa kwiminyaka yee-1940, oorhulumente bawaval’ umlomo amaNgqina kaYehova kumazwe amaninzi. Amawaka amaNgqina asiwa ezinkundleni zamatyala ebudeni beli thuba ngenxa yokuba izazela zawo zazingawavumeli ukuba akhahlele indwe yaye ayebambelela kubundilele bobuKristu. Ngowe-1950 kwanikelwa ingxelo yokuba ebudeni beminyaka eli-15 eyandulelayo, eUnited States kuphela kwabanjwa amaNgqina kaYehova ali-10 000.

Xa amaNgqina kaYehova angaphezu kwama-400 asiwa ezinkundleni zaseGrisi ngethutyana nje elifutshane ngowe-1946, oku kwakungaqali ukwenzeka apho. Kwakuqhubeka kangangeminyaka emininzi. Ukongezelela ekuvalelweni entolongweni, ahlawuliswa intywenka yemali, nto leyo eyayibashiya abazalwana betsala nzima. Kodwa njengoko babejonga imeko yabo, bathi: “INkosi yavula indlela yokuba umsebenzi wokunikela ubungqina ufikelele kwabasemagunyeni eGrisi, abevayo ngokumiselwa kobukumkani bobulungisa; kwanabagwebi ezinkundleni baba nethuba elifanayo.” Ngokucacileyo amaNgqina kaYehova awujonga lo mbandela ngendlela uYesu awathi abalandeli bakhe bafanele bawujonge ngayo.—Luka 21:12, 13.

Idabi Ekwakubonakala Kungenakwenzeka Ukuliphumelela

Ebudeni beminyaka yee-1940 neyee-1950, iphondo laseKhanada iQuebec laba ngummandla wokwenene wedabi. Abo babeshumayela iindaba ezilungileyo apho babebanjwa ukususela ngowe-1924. Ngobusika bowe-1931, amanye amaNgqina ayebanjwa ngamapolisa mihla le, maxa wambi kabini ngosuku. AmaNgqina aseKhanada ajamelana neendleko ezinkulu zemicimbi yasemthethweni. Ngoko, ekuqaleni kowe-1947 lilonke inani lamatyala awayebandakanya amaNgqina awayelindele ukuchotshelwa ezinkundleni kwiPhondo laseQuebec lantinga laya kutsho kwi-1 300; kanti, kwakukho ibathwana nje lamaNgqina kaYehova apho.

Eli yayilixesha laxa iCawa yamaRoma Katolika yayinempembelelo enamandla ekwakufuneka inkokeli nganye yezobupolitika nabo bonke abagwebi kwelo phondo bayithabathel’ ingqalelo. Ngokuqhelekileyo abefundisi babehlonelwa gqitha eQuebec, yaye abanye babekhawuleza ukuthobela imiyalelo yabefundisi basekuhlaleni. Kunjengokuba incwadi ethi State and Salvation (yowe-1989) yayichaza ngolu hlobo le meko: “Ikhardinali yaseQuebec yayinetrone kumgangatho weNdlu Yowiso-mthetho kanye ecaleni kwaleyo ibekelwe isekela-rhuluneli. Ngandlel’ ithile ummandla omkhulu waseQuebec wawulawulwa ngokungqalileyo yicawa . . . Enyanisweni, usukelo lwecawa lwalukukwenza imeko yezobupolitika yaseQuebec ivumelane nengcamango yamaRoma Katolika ekuthi kuyo inyaniso ibe bubuKatolika, impazamo ibe yiyo nayiphi na into ngaphandle kobuKatolika, yaye ukukhululeka yinkululeko yokuthetha nokuphila ngenyaniso yamaRoma Katolika.”

Xa sithetha ngokuphandle, amaNgqina kungekuphela nje eQuebec kodwa ehlabathini lonke ayebonakala engenakuphumelela.

Izimangalo Ezininzi Ezahlukahlukeneyo

Abo babewachasile amaNgqina babezihlolisisa ngenyameko iincwadi zomthetho ukuze bafumanise nayiphi na into ekwakunokubanjelelwa kuyo ukuze kupheliswe umsebenzi wawo. Ngokufuthi babewatyhola ngokuthengisa ngaphandle kwemvume, ngaloo ndlela besithi umsebenzi wawo ngowokurhweba. Ngokwahlukileyo koku, kwezinye indawo bambi oovulindlela babetyholwa ngobutshivela kuba kwakusithiwa babeqeshwe ngaphandle kokufumana ingeniso.

Kangangamashumi eminyaka, abasemagunyeni kwizithili ezithile zaseSwitzerland ngokuqhubekayo bazama ukubalela ukusasazwa koncwadi lweBhayibhile ngamaNgqina kaYehova njengokuthengisa ngenjongo yokurhweba. Igqwetha elimele urhulumente kwiSithili saseVaud sabantu abantetho isisiFrentshi, ngokukhethekileyo, lalizimisele ukungayeki nasiphi na isigqibo seenkundla eziphantsi esasivumelana namaNgqina ukuba sihlale sisebenza.

Kwiindawo ngeendawo, amaNgqina kaYehova ayexelelwa ukuba afanele abe nemvume yokusasaza uncwadi lwawo okanye yokuqhuba iintlanganiso zawo zeBhayibhile. Kodwa ngaba yayifuneka ngokwenene imvume? AmaNgqina aphendula ngokuthi “Hayi!” Ngokwasiphi isizinzi?

Acacisa: ‘UYehova uThixo uyalela amangqina akhe ukuba ashumayele iindaba ezilungileyo zobukumkani bakhe, yaye imithetho kaThixo yongamile yaye ifanele ithotyelwe ngamangqina akhe. Akukho qumrhu lasemhlabeni eliqulunqa okanye elijongene nokuthotyelwa kwemithetho elinokuphazamisana ngokufanelekileyo nomthetho kaYehova. Ekubeni kungekho gunya lilawulayo lehlabathi elinokukuthintela ngokufanelekileyo ukushunyayelwa kweendaba ezilungileyo, akukho gunya lehlabathi linjalo linokunikela imvume yokushumayela iindaba ezilungileyo. Amagunya ehlabathi awanagunya kwaphela kulo mbandela. Ukucela imvume ebantwini yokwenza oko uThixo asiyalele kona bekuya kuba sisithuko kuThixo.’

Ngokufuthi izityholo awayebekwa zona amaNgqina zazinikela ubungqina obucacileyo bentiyo yonqulo. Ngaloo ndlela, xa kwakusasazwa incwadana ethi Face the Facts nethi Cure, umveleli wesebe loMbutho eNetherlands wabizelwa enkundleni eHaarlem, ngowe-1939, ukuze aphendule isimangalo sokuthuka iqela labemi abangamaDatshi. Ngokomzekelo, umtshutshisi wema ngelokuba, uncwadi lweWatch Tower lwalubonisa ukuba iinkokeli zamaRoma Katolika zazithabatha imali ebantwini ngobuqhetseba ngokuthi ziya kukhulula abafileyo kwindawo abangekho kuyo—kwindawo yentlambululo-miphefumlo, ndawo leyo iCawa yayingenako ukunikela ubungqina bobukho bayo, ngokutsho kolo ncwadi.

Enkundleni ingqina eliyintloko leenkokeli, u-“Father” Henri de Greeve, wenza esi simbonono: “Eyona nto indenza buhlungu kakhulu kukuba umntu obukeleyo unokufumana ingcamango yokuba thina befundisi siliqela nje lamatshijolo nabakhohlisi.” Xa wabizwayo ukuze anikele ubungqina, umveleli wesebe loMbutho wavula iBhayibhile yamaKatolika waza wabonisa inkundla ukuba okwakuthethwa yiloo ncwadana ngeemfundiso zamaKatolika kwakuvumelana neBhayibhile yawo. Xa igqwetha loMbutho lacela lo kade Greeve ukuba angqine imfundiso yesihogo somlilo neyentlambululo-miphefumlo, waphendula: “Andikwazi ukuyingqina; ndiyayikholelwa nje kuphela.” Ngokukhawuleza umgwebi waqonda ukuba le yiloo nto kanye eyayithethwa yiloo ncwadana. Eli tyala lachithwa, yaye umfundisi waphuma enkundleni ejwaqeka ngumsindo!

Becatshukiswe ngumsebenzi owandayo wamaNgqina kaYehova kummandla okwintshona yelo lizwe ngoko elaliyiCzechoslovakia, abefundisi balapho batyhola amaNgqina ngokungcatsha umbuso. Loo meko yayifana naleyo wayejamelene nayo umpostile uPawulos xa abefundisi bamaYuda benkulungwane yokuqala bamtyhola ngokudala isiphendu. (IZe. 24:5) Ngowe-1933-34 amakhulu amatyala asiwa enkundleni, de urhulumente weyiseka lelokuba kwakungekho ziseko zibambekayo zezimangalo. Kwiphondo laseKhanada iQuebec, kwakhona kwiminyaka yee-1930 neyee-1940 amaNgqina asiwa ematyaleni etyholwa ngokwenza amayelenqe okudala isiphendu. Abefundisi—bamaKatolika nabamaProtestanti, kodwa ngokukodwa abamaRoma Katolika—bade baya ezinkundleni njengamangqina nxamnye nawo. Yintoni eyayenziwe ngamaNgqina kaYehova? Abefundisi bema ngelokuba ayelubeka esichengeni umanyano lwelizwe ngokusasaza izinto ezazinokubangela ukungathandwa kweCawa yamaRoma Katolika. Noko ke, amaNgqina aphendula ngokuthi, enyanisweni, ayesasaza uncwadi olwaluzisela abantu abathobekileyo intuthuzelo evela kwiLizwi likaThixo kodwa oku kwakubacaphukisa gqitha abefundisi kuba lwalubhenca iimfundiso nezenzo ezingekho zibhalweni.

Yintoni eyenza ukuba amaNgqina kaYehova aqhubeke ngoxa ayejamelene nenkcaso enjalo eyayizingisa? Yayilukholo lwawo kuThixo nakwiLizwi lakhe eliphefumlelweyo, ukuzinikela kwawo kokungazingci kuYehova nakuBukumkani bakhe, namandla abangelwa kukusebenza komoya kaThixo. Kunjengokuba iZibhalo zibonisa, ‘incamisa yamandla yekaThixo, ayiphumi kuthi.’—2 Kor. 4:7.

AmaNgqina KaYehova Athabatha Amanyathelo Angokwasemthethweni

Kangangamashumi eminyaka ngaphambi kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I, aBafundi beBhayibhile babebandakanyeke ekusasazeni ngokubanzi uncwadi lweBhayibhile lwesisa ezitratweni kufutshane neecawa nakwindlu ngendlu. Kodwa kwiidolophu nakwizixeko ezininzi zaseUnited States kwadluliselwa imiyalelo eyawuphazamisa kakhulu lo “msebenzi wokuzithandela.” Yintoni eyayinokwenziwa?

IMboniselo (yesiNgesi) kaDisemba 15, 1919, yachaza: “Sikholelwa kwelokuba ngumsebenzi wethu ukwenza nawuphi na umgudu esinokuwenza ukuze sinikele ubungqina ngobukumkani beNkosi nokuba singayekeleli umxakatho ngenxa yemiqobo, nangenxa yesibakala sokuba kukho umgudu ochulwe ngolo hlobo nxamnye nomsebenzi wokuzithandela, kwenziwa amalungiselelo okusebenzisa iphephancwadi, . . . iTHE GOLDEN AGE.”a

Noko ke, njengoko umsebenzi wokunikela ubungqina kwindlu ngendlu wawusiya usanda, yaba njalo nemizamo yokusebenzisa imithetho ukuwunciphisa okanye ukuwuthintela. Asingawo onke amazwe anamalungiselelo asemthethweni okukhusela inkululeko yabambalwa xa bechaswa ngabasemagunyeni. Kodwa amaNgqina kaYehova ayesazi ukuba uMgaqo-siseko waseUnited States wawuyiqinisekisa inkululeko yonqulo, inkululeko yokuthetha nenkululeko yokupapasha. Ngoko, xa abagwebi baguqula imithetho yasekuhlaleni ukuze ithintele umsebenzi wokushumayela iLizwi likaThixo, amaNgqina abhenela kwiinkundla eziphakamileyo.b

Ekhumbula oko kwakusenzeka, uHayden C. Covington, owayenendima ephambili kwimicimbi yasemthethweni yeWatch Tower Society, kamva wacacisa: “Ukuba kwakungazange kufakwe izibheno ngamawaka amatyala awayechotshelwa ngoomantyi, ziinkundla zamapolisa nezinye iinkundla ezingaphantsi, bekuya kubakho amatyala anjalo amaninzi ebeya kuba ngumqobo omkhulu elunqulweni. Ngokubhena siye sakuthintela ukuvela komqobo onjalo. Indlela yethu yonqulo iye yabhalwa emthethweni welizwe laseUnited States nakwamanye amazwe ngenxa yokuzingisa kwethu ekubheneni ngenxa yezigqibo ezinxamnye nathi.” EUnited States, amatyala amaninzi asiwa kwiNkundla Ephakamileyo.

Ukomeleza Iziqinisekiso Zenkululeko

Elinye lamatyala okuqala awayebandakanya ubulungiseleli bamaNgqina kaYehova elafikelela kwiNkundla Ephakamileyo yaseUnited States laliqalise eGeorgia ibe laxoxwa kule Nkundla ngoFebruwari 4, 1938. UAlma Lovell wabanjwa waza wasiwa kwinkundla kamantyi yaseGriffin, eGeorgia, ngokwaphula umthetho owawusalela ukusasazwa koncwadi lwalo naluphi na uhlobo ngaphandle kwemvume kasibonda. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, uDade Lovell wayenike abantu iphephancwadi iThe Golden Age. NgoMatshi 28, 1938, iNkundla Ephakamileyo yaseUnited States yathi loo myalelo wawungafanelekanga kuba wawufuna ukuba inkululeko yokupapasha ihambisane nephepha-mvume nokuhlolwa kwaloo nto iza kupapashwa kuqala.c

Kunyaka olandelayo uJ. F. Rutherford, njengegqwetha lalowo wayebhenile, waxoxa kwiNkundla Ephakamileyo kwityala elalibizwa ngokuthi Clara Schneider v. State of New Jersey.d Ngowe-1940, eli lalandelwa lelalibizwa ngokuthi Cantwell v. State of Connecticut,e awathi kulo uJ. F. Rutherford walungiselela ingxoxo ebhaliweyo waza uHayden Covington waxoxa ngomlomo phambi kweNkundla. Umphumo omhle wala matyala waqinisa iziqinisekiso zomgaqo-siseko zenkululeko yonqulo, inkululeko yokuthetha nenkululeko yokupapasha. Kodwa kwakukho amagingxi-gingxi.

Amagingxi-gingxi Ezinkundleni

Umbandela wokukhahlela indwe ngokuphathelele abantwana abahamba isikolo bamaNgqina kaYehova waqala ukufika kwiinkundla zaseMerika ngowe-1935 kwityala elalibizwa ngokuthi Carlton B. Nicholls v. Mayor and School Committee of Lynn (Massachusetts).f Elo tyala ladluliselwa kwiNkundla Ephakamileyo Egwebayo yaseMassachusetts. Ngowe-1937, loo nkundla yawisa isigwebo sokuba, kungakhathaliseki oko uCarleton Nichols, Omnci., nabazali bakhe babesithi bayakukholelwa, kwakungekho mtyhi owawunokwenzelwa inkolelo yonqulo kuba, yathi, “ukukhahlela indwe nokuzithoba kurhulumente apha ekuthethwa ngako akudibananga kwaphela nonqulo. . . . Ezi zinto aziphathelelananga nezimvo zakhe nabani na ngoMdali wakhe. Azinxulumenanga nolwalamano lwakhe noMenzi wakhe.” Xa kwenziwa isibheno kwiNkundla Ephakamileyo yaseUnited States ngalo mbandela wokunyanzelisa ukukhahlela indwe kwityala elalibizwa ngokuthi Leoles v. Landersg ngowe-1937, ibe kwakhona kwelalibizwa ngokuthi Hering v. State Board of Educationh ngowe-1938, iNkundla yawachitha la matyala kuba, ngokwembono yayo, kwakungekho mbandela ubandakanya umgaqo-siseko karhulumente owawufanele uqwalaselwe. Ngowe-1939 iNkundla yaphinda yasichitha isibheno esasibandakanya kwalo mbandela, kwityala elalibizwa ngokuthi Gabrielli v. Knickerbocker.i Kwangaloo mini, ngaphandle kokuva ingxoxo yomlomo, yavumelana nesigqibo esawiswa yinkundla engaphantsi kwityala elalibizwa ngokuthi Johnson v. Town of Deerfield.j

Ekugqibeleni, ngowe-1940, iNkundla yachophela ngokupheleleyo ityala elalibizwa ngokuthi Minersville School District v. Gobitis.k Amagqwetha adumileyo enza amagqabantshintshi ngelo tyala macala omabini. UJ. F. Rutherford wanikela ingxoxo yomlomo ngakwicala likaWalter Gobitas nabantwana bakhe. Ilungu lesebe lezomthetho eHarvard University lamela uMbutho Wamagqwetha AseMerika noMbutho Wenkululeko Yabemi ekuphikisaneni nokunyanzelisa ukukhahlela indwe. Noko ke, iingxoxo zabo zachaswa, yaye ngevoti yomntu omnye ongazange avumelane noko, iNkundla Ephakamileyo, ngoJuni 3, yawisa isigwebo sokuba abantwana abangayikhahleliyo indwe bagxothwe kwizikolo zikawonke wonke.

Ebudeni beminyaka emithathu eyalandelayo, iNkundla Ephakamileyo yawisa isigwebo nxamnye namaNgqina kaYehova kumatyala ali-19. Esona siphawulekayo sisigqibo esenziwa nxamnye nawo, ngowe-1942, kwityala elalibizwa ngokuthi Jones v. City of Opelika.l URosco Jones wabanjelwa ukubandakanyeka ekusasazeni uncwadi ezitratweni zaseOpelika, eAlabama, ngaphandle kokuhlawula irhafu yephepha-mvume. INkundla Ephakamileyo yavumelana nokubanjwa kwakhe yaza yathi oorhulumente banelungelo lokubiza imali esengqiqweni ngokuhamba ufuna abalandeli nokuba imithetho enjalo yayingenakuphikiswa nokuba abasemagunyeni basekuhlaleni babenokuthi ngokuzithandela barhoxise iphepha-mvume. Oku kwabagqebh’ olungophiyo, kuba ngoku naliphi na ibutho labantu, elaliphenjelelwa ngabefundisi okanye nawuphi na omnye umntu owayewachasile amaNgqina, lalinokuthi ngokusemthethweni liwathintele baze ngaloo ndlela, abo babechasa baqiqe ngelokuba, bawuyekise umsebenzi wokushumayela wamaNgqina kaYehova. Kodwa kwenzeka into engaqhelekanga.

Imeko Iyaguquka

Kwityala elalibizwa ngokuthi Jones v. Opelika, isigqibo esabuphazamisa kanobom ubulungiseleli basekuhleni bamaNgqina kaYehova, abagwebi abathathu babonisa ukuba ngaphezu kokungavumelani nesigqibo sabaninzi eNkundleni kwelo tyala kwakhona babevakalelwa kukuba kulo bafak’ isandla ekwandlaleni isiseko setyala elalibizwa ngokuthi Gobitis. Bongezelela oku: “Ekubeni sasixhasayo isigqibo ekwafikelelwa kuso kwityala likaGobitis, sicinga ukuba eli lithuba elifanelekileyo lokubonisa ukuba ngoku sikholelwa ukuba nakulo kwenziwa isigqibo esiphosakeleyo.” AmaNgqina kaYehova akuthabatha oko njengento anokubambelela kuyo ukuze aphinde awuse lo mbandela ngokutsha eNkundleni.

Kwenziwa iSicelo Sokuchotshelwa Kwakhona kwetyala elalibizwa ngokuthi Jones v. Opelika. Kweso sicelo, kwabakho iingxoxo ezinamandla ezingokwasemthethweni. Kwakhona ngokuqinileyo sathi: “Le Nkundla ifanele iqonde isibakala esibalulekileyo, sokuba igweba abakhonzi bakaThixo uSomandla.” Kwahlolisiswa imizekelo yeBhayibhile ebonisa ukusebenza koku. Kwanikelwa ingqalelo kwicebiso elanikelwa ngumfundisi womthetho uGamaliyeli kwinkundla ephakamileyo yamaYuda yenkulungwane yokuqala, elithi: “Khwelelani kwaba bantu nibayeke; . . . hleze nifunyanwe ningabalwa kwanoThixo.”—IZe. 5:34-39.

Ekugqibeleni, ngoMeyi 3, 1943, kwityala elalingundaba-mlonyeni elalibizwa ngokuthi Murdock v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania,a iNkundla Ephakamileyo yasirhoxisa isigqibo eyasenzayo kwityala elalibizwa ngokuthi Jones v. Opelika. Yathi nakuphi na ukubizwa kwerhafu yephepha-mvume njengento efunekayo ukuze ubani aqhelisele inkululeko yakhe yonqulo ngokusasaza uncwadi lonqulo ayikho kumgaqo-siseko. Eli tyala lavula amathuba amatsha kumaNgqina kaYehova eUnited States yaye kwabhekiselwa kulo njengegunya kumakhulu amatyala ukususela ngoko. UMeyi 3, 1943, ngokwenene yayilusuku oluphawulekayo kumaNgqina kaYehova ngokuphathelele isimangalo esasiphambi kweNkundla Ephakamileyo yaseUnited States. Ngolo suku, kumatyala ali-12 kwali-13 (onke awayelindele ukuchotshelwa nezigqibo zabagwebi), iNkundla yawisa isigwebo esasivumelana nawo.b

Kwithuba elingangenyanga kamva—ngoJuni 14, uSuku Lwendwe lwaminyaka le kwelo lizwe—iNkundla Ephakamileyo kwakhona yaphinda yarhoxa, ngeli xesha kwisigqibo sayo kwityala elalibizwa ngokuthi Gobitis, isenjenjalo kwityala elalibizwa ngokuthi West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette.c Yawisa isigwebo sokuba “akukho gosa, elikwisikhundla esiphakamileyo okanye esingaphantsi, elinokumisela oko kufanele kwamkelwe njengokufanelekileyo nokuyinyaniso kwezobupolitika, kwezobuzwe, kwezonqulo, okanye kweminye imibandela yoluvo okanye linyanzele abemi ukuba bavume okanye babe nokholo koko.” Izizathu ezininzi ekwaqiqwa ngazo kweso sigqibo emva koko zamkelwa eKhanada yiNkundla Yezibheno yaseOntario kwityala elalibizwa ngokuthi Donald v. Hamilton Board of Education, eyathi iNkundla Ephakamileyo yaseKhanada ayavuma ukusiguqula eso sigqibo.

Ngokuvumelana nesigqibo sayo kwityala elalibizwa ngokuthi Barnette, yaye kwangaloo mini, kwityala elalibizwa ngokuthi Taylor v. State of Mississippi,d iNkundla Ephakamileyo yaseUnited States yathi amaNgqina kaYehova ayengenakutyholwa ngokufanelekileyo ngokudala udushe ngenxa yokucacisa izizathu zokungakhahleli kwawo indwe nokufundisa ukuba zonke iintlanga zingakwicala eliphosakeleyo kuba zichasene noBukumkani bukaThixo. Kwakhona ezi zigqibo zavulel’ indlela izigwebo ezalandelayo ezazivumelana nawo kwezinye iinkundla kumatyala awayebandakanya abazali abangamaNgqina ababenabantwana ababengavumi ukukhahlela indwe esikolweni, kwanakwimibandela ebandakanya ingqesho nelungelo lokugcinwa kwabantwana. Ngokuqinisekileyo imeko yayiguqukile.e

Ukuqalisa Kwexesha Elitsha Lenkululeko EQuebec

Kwakhona amaNgqina kaYehova ayesebenza ngamandla efuna inkululeko yonqulo eKhanada. Ukususela ngowe-1944 ukusa kowe-1946, amakhulu amaNgqina ayebanjwa eQuebec xa ayeba nesabelo kubulungiseleli bawo basesidlangalaleni. Umthetho waseKhanada wawunalo ilungiselelo lenkululeko yonqulo, kodwa amahlokondiba ayeziphazamisa iintlanganiso ekwakuxutyushwa kuzo iBhayibhile. Amapolisa ayethobela oko kwakufunwa ngabefundisi bamaKatolika ukuba amaNgqina kaYehova apheliswe. Abagwebi beenkundla basekuhlaleni babegxeka amaNgqina, nangona kungazange kuthatyathwe nyathelo nxamnye namahlokondiba. Yintoni eyayinokwenziwa?

UMbutho walungiselela ukuba kuqhutywe indibano ekhethekileyo eMontreal ngomhla wesi-2 nowesi-3 kuNovemba, 1946. Izithethi zahlolisisa ukuma kwamaNgqina kaYehova ngokweZibhalo nangokuphathelele umthetho welizwe. Kwandula ke kwavakaliswa amalungiselelo okuba kusasazwe kangangeentsuku ezili-16, kulo lonke elo lizwe—ngesiNgesi, ngesiFrentshi nangesiUkraine—iphecana elalinomxholo othi Quebec’s Burning Hate for God and Christ and Freedom Is the Shame of All Canada. Lanikela ngokweenkcukacha ingxelo engogonyamelo lwamahlokondiba nezinye izenzo zenkohlakalo ezazisenziwa kumaNgqina kaYehova eQuebec. Eli lalandelwa liphecana lesibini elalinomxholo othi, Quebec, You Have Failed Your People!

Inani lababanjwayo eQuebec landa ngokukhawuleza. Ukuze limelane nale meko, isebe laseKhanada leWatch Tower Society lamisela isebe lemicimbi yasemthethweni elalinabameli eToronto naseMontreal. Xa amaphephandaba afumana iindaba zokuba uMaurice Duplessis, owayeyinkulumbuso yaseQuebec, walonakalisa ngabom ishishini levenkile yokutyela likaFrank Roncarelli, omnye wamaNgqina kaYehova, kuba nje wayehlawulela amanye amaNgqina ibheyile, abemi baseKhanada bavakalisa izikhalazo ngako oku. Kwandula ke, ngoMatshi 2, 1947, amaNgqina kaYehova aqalisa iphulo lazwenibanzi lokumema abantu baseKhanada ukuba babongoze urhulumente akhuphe uXwebhu Lwamalungelo. Ngabantu abangaphezu kwama-500 000 abakutyobelayo oko—esona sibongozo sikhulu sakha sasiwa kwiPalamente yaseKhanada! Kunyaka olandelayo, oku kwalandelwa sisibongozo esasisikhulu ngakumbi esasisekela esokuqala.

Ebudeni belo xesha, uMbutho wanyula amatyala amabini ukuba kufakwe isibheno ngawo kwiNkundla Ephakamileyo yaseKhanada ukuze ubone indlela aza kugwetywa ngayo. Elinye lala, elalibizwa ngokuthi Aimé Boucher v. His Majesty The King, laliphathelele isityholo sokudala udushe amaNgqina ayetyatyekwa ngaso ngokuphindaphindiweyo.

Ityala elalibizwa ngokuthi Boucher lalisekelwe kwindima awayenayo uAimé Boucher, umfama owayenobulali, ekusasazeni iphecana elalisithi Quebec’s Burning Hate. Ngaba wayedala udushe ngokwazisa ngogonyamelo lwamahlokondiba nxamnye namaNgqina eQuebec, ukungawusi so umthetho kwamagosa awayeqhubana nawo nobungqina bokuba ubhishophu wamaKatolika nabanye abefundisi bamaKatolika babeluxhokonkxa?

Ehlalutya elo phecana lalisasazwa, omnye wabagwebi beNkudla Ephakamileyo wathi: “Olo xwebhu lwalunomxholo othi ‘Quebec’s Burning Hate for God and Christ and Freedom Is the Shame of All Canada;’ okokuqala lwalubongoza ukuba kusetyenziswe ubulali nengqiqo xa kuhlolisiswa imibandela eyayixutyushwa ukuxhasa umxholo walo; okwesibini, lwaluchaza intshutshiso yolunya eyayisenziwa eQuebec kumaNgqina njengabazalwana bakaKristu; lwaluchaza ngokweenkcukacha iziganeko ezingqalileyo zentshutshiso; yaye lwagqibezela ngesibongozo kubantu belo phondo, ukuba bakhalazele ulawulo lwamahlokondiba nokusetyenziswa kweendlela zamagestapo, ukuze, ngokufundisisa iLizwi likaThixo nokuthobela imiyalelo yalo, kubekho ‘intabalala yesivuno seziqhamo ezilungileyo zothando kuYe noKristu nenkululeko yabantu.’”

Inkundla yagqiba kwelokuba ilirhoxise ityala lika-Aimé Boucher, kodwa abagwebi abathathu kwabahlanu bayalela ukuba elo tyala liphinde lichotshelwe. Ngaba oko kwakuya kukhokelela kwisigqibo esingenakhethe kwiinkundla ezingaphantsi? Igqwetha elalimela amaNgqina kaYehova lenza isicelo sokuba iNkundla Ephakamileyo iphinde ilichophele ngokwayo eli tyala. Okumangalisayo kukuba, oku kwamkelwa. Ngoxa kwakusalindelwe esi sicelo, inani labagwebi kuloo Nkundla landiswa, yaye omnye umgwebi owayekho ngaphambili wayiguqula indlela awayecinga ngayo. NgoDisemba 1950 umphumo waba kukuba abagwebi abahlanu nxamnye nabane bamvakalisa uMzalwan’ uBoucher engenatyala ngokupheleleyo.

Ekuqaleni, esi sigqibo sachaswa lisekela legqwetha elimele urhulumente nayinkulumbuso yephondo laseQuebec, (nayo eyayiligqwetha elimele urhulumente) kodwa ngokuthe ngcembe eso sigqibo saqiniswa ezinkundleni. Ngaloo ndlela isityholo sokudala udushe awayebekwa sona amaNgqina kaYehova eKhanada sapheliswa ngokunempumelelo.

Sekunjalo kwasiwa elinye ityala kwiNkundla Ephakamileyo yaseKhanada ukuze kubonwe indlela elaliza kugwetywa ngayo—elalibizwa ngokuthi Laurier Saumur v. The City of Quebec. Eli lalingemithetho eyayingokufunwa kwephepha-mvume neyayibandakanyekile ekubekweni ityala kwabantu abaninzi kwiinkundla ezingaphantsi. Kwityala elalibizwa ngokuthi Saumur, uMbutho wawufuna umyalelo ogunyazisayo osisigxina nxamnye nesixeko saseQuebec wokuthintela abasemagunyeni ukuba bangaphazamisani nokusasazwa koncwadi lonqulo ngamaNgqina kaYehova. Ngo-Oktobha 6, 1953, iNkundla Ephakamileyo yawisa isigqibo sayo. AmaNgqina kaYehova afumana impendulo ethi “Ewe,” laza iphondo laseQuebec lafumana impendulo ethi “Hayi.” Kwakhona eso sigqibo sabangela ukuba oyise nakwiwaka lamanye amatyala apho kwakulawula umgaqo ofanayo wenkululeko yonqulo. Oku kwaqalisa ithuba elitsha kumsebenzi wamaNgqina kaYehova eQuebec.

Imfundo Ngamalungelo Asemthethweni Nokusetyenziswa Kwawo

Njengoko inani lamatyala enkundla lalisanda ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1920 nasemva koko, kwaba yimfuneko ukuba amaNgqina kaYehova afundiswe iindlela zokusebenza komthetho. Ekubeni uJ. F. Rutherford wayeligqwetha ibe ngamathuba athile esebenza njengomgwebi, wayeqonda ukuba kwakufuneka amaNgqina afumane ukhokelo kule mibandela. Ngokukodwa ukususela ngowe-1926 amaNgqina ayegxininisa ekushumayeleni kwindlu ngendlu ngeemini zangeCawa, esebenzisa iincwadi ezicacisa iBhayibhile. Ngenxa yokuchaswa kokusasaza kwawo uncwadi lweBhayibhile ngeCawa, uMzalwan’ uRutherford walungiselela iphetshana elalinomxholo othi Liberty to Preach ukuze kuncedwe abo babeseUnited States baqonde amalungelo abo angokwasemthethweni. Noko ke, wayengenakuwenza ngokwakhe wonke umsebenzi obandakanya umthetho, ngoko walungiselela ukuba amanye amagqwetha akhonze njengamalungu asebenza kwikomkhulu loMbutho. Ukongezelela, amanye, awayekwiindawo ezahlukahlukeneyo zelo lizwe, ayesebenzisana ngokusondeleyo.

Amagqwetha ayengenakubakho kuzo zonke izihlandlo zokuvela enkundleni ezazifuneka kumawaka amatyala abandakanya umsebenzi wokushumayela wamaNgqina kaYehova, kodwa ayenokunikela amacebiso axabisekileyo. Ukuze kufezwe oko, kwenziwa amalungiselelo okuqeqesha onke amaNgqina kaYehova ngeendlela ezisisiseko osebenza ngazo umthetho. Oku kwakusenziwa kwiindibano ezikhethekileyo eUnited States ngowe-1932 yaye, kamva, kugcwangciso oluthe rhoqo lweNtlanganiso Yenkonzo emabandleni. Kwapapashwa i-“Order of Trial” (Indlela Yokusingatha Amatyala) eneenkcukacha kwi1933 Year Book yamaNgqina kaYehova (kamva yapapashwa njengoxwebhu olwahlukileyo). Le miyalelo yayihlengahlengiswa ngokweemeko. Kwinkupho kaNovemba 3, 1937, yeConsolation, kwanikelwa amacebiso angakumbi angokwasemthethweni ngokuphathelele iimeko ezikhethekileyo ekwakujanyelwana nazo.

Esebenzisa le nkcazelo, amaNgqina ayedla ngokuzikhusela kwiinkundla zasekuhlaleni, kunokuba afune uncedo lwegqwetha. Afumanisa ukuba ngale ndlela ngokufuthi ayenokunikela ubungqina enkundleni aze awubeke ngokungqalileyo umbandela kumgwebi, kunokuba amatyala awo agwetywe ngeendlela ezintsonkothileyo zasemthethweni. Xa kukho ityala eligwetywe ngendlela engafanelekanga, ngokuqhelekileyo kwakusenziwa isibheno, nangona amanye amaNgqina ayevalelwa entolongweni kunokuba aqeshe igqwetha, ekwakuya kufuneka uncedo lwalo kwinkundla yezibheno.

Njengoko kwakuvela ezinye iimeko ezintsha yaye kubekwa isiseko senkqubo efanele ilandelwe ezinkundleni, kwakunikelwa inkcazelo engakumbi ukuze amaNgqina angasali ngasemva. Ngaloo ndlela, ngowe-1939 kwashicilelwa incwadana ethi Advice for Kingdom Publishers ukuze kuncedwe abazalwana kumadabi asenkundleni. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva kwandlalwa ingxubusho engakumbi kwincwadana ethi Jehovah’s Servants Defended. Yacaphula okanye yaxubusha ngezigqibo ezahlukahlukeneyo zeenkundla zaseMerika ezingama-50 ezibandakanya amaNgqina kaYehova, namanye amatyala amaninzi, ibe yachaza indlela ezi nkqubo ezingokwasemthethweni ezinokusetyenziswa ngokuyingenelo ngayo. Kwandula ke, ngowe-1943, kwanikwa iNgqina ngalinye umbhalo wethi Freedom of Worship yaye yafundisiswa ngenkuthalo kwiiNtlanganiso Zenkonzo emabandleni. Ukongezelela ekunikeleni inkcazelo exabisekileyo kumatyala asemthethweni, le ncwadana yanikela ngokuneenkcukacha izizathu zeZibhalo zokusingatha imibandela ngeendlela ezithile. Ngowe-1950, oku kwalandelwa yincwadana ehlaziyiweyo ethi Defending and Legally Establishing the Good News.

Konke oku kwakuyimfundo eqhubekayo engomthetho. Noko ke, injongo yayingekokwenza ukuba amaNgqina abe ngamagqwetha kodwa yayikukuvula indlela yokushumayela iindaba ezilungileyo zoBukumkani bukaThixo ekuhleni nakwizindlu ngezindlu.

Njengomkhosi Weenkumbi

Xa abasemagunyeni babezigqala njengabangekho phantsi komthetho, maxa wambi babewaphatha ngolunya amaNgqina. Noko ke, phezu kwazo nje iindlela ezazisetyenziswa ngabo babewachasa, amaNgqina kaYehova ayesazi ukuba iLizwi likaThixo liyaluleka: “Musani ukuziphindezelela, zintanda; yikhweleleni ingqumbo; kuba kubhaliwe kwathiwa, Impindezelo yeyam, kuya kubuyekeza mna, itsho iNkosi.” (Roma 12:19) Sekunjalo, ayevakalelwa kukuba anembopheleleko yokunikela ubungqina. Ayekwenza njani oko xa ejamelene nokuchaswa ngabasemagunyeni?

Nangona amabandla amaNgqina kaYehova ngokuqhelekileyo ayemancinane ebudeni beminyaka yee-1930, ayemanyene ngokuqinileyo. Xa kwindawo ethile kubakho ingxaki, amaNgqina asuka kwiindawo ezikufutshane ayekulangazelela ukunceda. Ngokomzekelo, ngowe-1933 eUnited States, amaNgqina ali-12 600 alungelelaniswa angamaqela angama-78. Xa ayeqhubeka ebanjwa kummandla othile, okanye xa abo babewachasa babephumelela ekuphembeleleni amaziko kanomathotholo ukuba aphule izivumelwano zokusasaza iinkqubo ezilungiselelwe ngamaNgqina kaYehova, kwakusaziswa iofisi yoMbutho eBrooklyn. Kwithuba elingangeveki, kwakuthunyelwa abantu abaninzi kuloo ndawo ukuze banikele ubungqina ngokucokisekileyo.

Kuxhomekeka kwimfuneko, amaNgqina asusela kwangama-50 ukusa kwali-1 000 ayelungiselela ukuhlanganisana ngexesha elimisiweyo, ngokuqhelekileyo kwindawo esemaphandleni kufutshane nommandla ekuza kusetyenzwa kuwo. Onke ayengabasebenzi bokuzithandela; amanye ayesuka kude kangangeekhilomitha ezingama-320. Amaqela ayenikwa umhlaba onokugutyungelwa mhlawumbi ngemizuzu engama-30 okanye ngeeyure ezimbini. Njengoko iqela ngalinye elihamba ngenqwelo-mafutha laliqalisa ukusebenza kwicandelo elabelwe kulo, ikomiti yabazalwana yayisiya emapoliseni ukuya kuwazisa ngomsebenzi owenziwayo nokuze bawanike uludwe lwawo onke amaNgqina asebenza kuloo ndawo ngalo ntsasa. Bebona ukuba amaNgqina ayemaninzi gqitha kunabo, abasemagunyeni kwiindawo ezininzi babewuvumela umsebenzi ukuba uqhubeke ungaphazanyiswa. Kwezinye iindawo babewaphosa ezintolongweni kodwa baphelele apho. Nawaphi na awayebanjwa, amaNgqina ayenamagqwetha awayeza kuwakhulula ngebheyile. Umphumo wawunjengalowo womkhosi wokomfuziselo weenkumbi ekuthethwa ngawo eZibhalweni kuYoweli 2:7-11 nakwiSityhilelo 9:1-11. Ngale ndlela ayekwazi ukuqhubeka eshumayela iindaba ezilungileyo naxa ejamelene nentshutshiso eqatha.

Ukubhenca Ekuhleni Izenzo Zabasemagunyeni Abalawula Ngegqudu

Kwabonakala kuyingenelo ukwazisa abantu kweminye imimandla ngoko kwakusenziwa ngabasemagunyeni basekuhlaleni. EQuebec, xa iinkundla zazisebenzisa kumaNgqina iindlela ezifana nezo zazisetyenziswa kwiinkundla zokuNcina Amakholwa, kwathunyelwa ileta kuwo onke amalungu endlu yowiso-mthetho aseQuebec eyayichaza izibakala. Xa oko kungazange kube namphumo, uMbutho wathumela umbhalo waloo leta koosomashishini abali-14 000 kulo lonke elo phondo. Yandula ke le nkcazelo yasiwa kubahleli bamaphephandaba ukuze ipapashwe.

Kwimpuma yelaseUnited States, abantu babechazelwa ngosasazo lukanomathotholo. KwiBheteli yaseBrooklyn abadlali beqonga abaninzi abaqeqeshiweyo, abakwazi kakuhle ukulinganisa abantu, baseka oko kwakubizwa ngokuba yiThe King’s Theater. Xa abasemagunyeni besisa amaNgqina kaYehova ematyaleni, kwakubhalwa ingxelo yegama negama yoko kwakuqhubeka enkundleni. Aba badlali beqonga babesiya enkundleni ukuze baqhelane kakuhle namazwi nendlela athetha ngayo amapolisa, umtshutshisi kunye nomgwebi. Emva kokubhengeza kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuba abantu abaninzi bayaluphulaphula usasazo lukanomathotholo, iThe King’s Theater yayidla ngokuphinda izinto ezazisenzeka enkundleni ngendlela efana nqwa noko kwakusenziwa enkundleni ukuze abantu bakwazi kakuhle oko kwakusenziwa ngabasemagunyeni. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ngenxa yokuba babebhencekile ebantwini, bambi abasemagunyeni babesenza ngobulumko ngakumbi xa bechophele amatyala abandakanya amaNgqina.

Inyathelo Elimanyeneyo Ngoxa Ayejamelene Nentshutshiso YamaNazi

Xa urhulumente weJamani yamaNazi waqalisa iphulo lokuphelisa umsebenzi wamaNgqina kaYehova eJamani, kwenziwa imigudu ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuze kuthethwe nabasemagunyeni eJamani. Kodwa oku akuzange kuncede. Ngehlobo lowe-1933, umsebenzi wawo wawuvaliwe kumazwana amaninzi aseJamani. Ngoko ke, ngoJuni 25, 1933, amaNgqina kaYehova amkela isigqibo ngokuphathelele ubulungiseleli bawo neenjongo zawo kwindibano eyayiseBerlin. Kwathunyelwa imibhalo yaso kuwo onke amagosa aseburhulumenteni, yaye ezizigidi yasasazwa kuwonke wonke. Sekunjalo, ngoJulayi 1933 iinkundla azizange zivume ukuba kuchotshelwe ityala lokukhululwa kwawo. Ekuqaleni konyaka olandelayo, uJ. F. Rutherford wabhalela uAdolf Hitler ileta yaza yathunyelwa kuye ngomthunywa okhethekileyo. Bandula ke abazalwana abasehlabathini lonke bathabatha amanyathelo athile.

Ngentsasa yangeCawa, ngo-Oktobha 7, 1934, ngentsimbi yethoba, onke amaqela amaNgqina eJamani ahlanganisana. Athandazela ukhokelo nentsikelelo kaYehova. Landula ke iqela ngalinye lathumela ileta kumagosa aseburhulumenteni eJamani livakalisa uzimiselo lwalo olomeleleyo lokuqhubeka likhonza uYehova. Ngaphambi kokuba ahlukane, axubusha kunye amazwi eNkosi yawo, uYesu Kristu, akuMateyu 10:16-24. Emva koku aphuma aya kunikela ubungqina kubamelwane bawo ngoYehova nangoBukumkani bakhe phantsi koKristu.

Kwangaloo mini, amaNgqina kaYehova emhlabeni wonke ahlanganisana aza, emva kokumanyana emthandazweni oya kuYehova, athumela ucingo olwalulumkisa urhulumente kaHitler: “Ukuphatha kwenu kakubi amangqina kaYehova kuyabothusa abantu abalungileyo emhlabeni wonke yaye akulihloneli igama likaThixo. Musani ukuqhubeka nitshutshisa amangqina kaYehova; kungenjalo uThixo uya kunitshabalalisa kunye nombutho wenu wesizwe.” Kodwa akuzange kuphelele apho.

AmaGestapo aqinisa kwimigudu yawo yokuphelisa umsebenzi wamaNgqina kaYehova. Emva kokubamba abantu abaninzi ngowe-1936, ayecinga ukuba mhlawumbi ayephumelele. Kodwa, ngoDisemba 12, 1936, amaNgqina angama-3 450 awayengekabanjwa eJamani akhawuleza asasaza isigqibo esishicilelweyo kulo lonke elo lizwe esasichaza ngokucacileyo injongo kaYehova saza sachaza uzimiselo lwamaNgqina kaYehova lokuthobela uThixo njengomlawuli kunokuthobela abantu. Abo babewachasa abazange bayiqonde indlela awayesisasaze ngayo. Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kamva, xa amaGestapo azijongela phantsi izityholo ezazikweso sigqibo, amaNgqina kaYehova alungiselela ileta eyayisiya kubo bonke abantu awachaza kuyo ngokungafihlisiyo amagama amagosa amaNazi awayewaphethe kakubi gqitha amaNgqina kaYehova. Ngowe-1937, nale leta yasasazwa ngokubanzi eJamani. Ngaloo ndlela izenzo zabantu abangendawo zabhencwa ukuze bonke bazazi. Noku kwanika abantu ithuba lokwenza isigqibo ngekhondo abaya kulilandela ngokobuqu ngokuphathelele aba bakhonzi bOsenyangweni.—Thelekisa uMateyu 25:31-46.

Ukusasaza Ehlabathini Lonke Kuzisa Inkululeko

Nabanye oorhulumente baye bawaphatha ngqwabalala amaNgqina kaYehova, bavala iintlanganiso kunye nokushumayela kwawo ekuhleni. Kwezinye iimeko aba rhulumente baye benza ukuba amaNgqina agxothwe emisebenzini yempangelo nabantwana bawo bagxothwe ezikolweni. Oorhulumente abaninzi baye babhenela ekuwaphatheni ngenkohlakalo. Ukanti, kwala mazwe ngokuqhelekileyo anemigaqo-siseko eqinisekisa inkululeko yonqulo. Ngenjongo yokukhulula abazalwana bayo abatshutshiwayo, iWatch Tower Society ibisoloko isasaza ehlabathini lonke iinkcukacha ezibandakanya ukuphathwa kwawo ngolo hlobo. Oku kwenziwa ngephephancwadi IMboniselo noVukani!, yaye ezi ngxelo maxa wambi zisasazwa ngamaphephandaba kawonke wonke. Kwandula ke kufike amawaka eeleta ekhalazela oko kwenziwa kumaNgqina kwiiofisi zamagosa aseburhulumenteni zivela kulo lonke ihlabathi.

Ngenxa yephulo elinjalo ngowe-1937, irhuluneli yaseGeorgia, eUnited States, yafumana iileta ezingama-7 000 zivela kumazwe amane ngethuba leentsuku nje ezimbini, yaye usodolophu waseLa Grange, eGeorgia, naye wafumana amawaka eeleta. Kwenziwa iphulo elinjalo kukhalazelwa indlela awayephethwe ngayo amaNgqina kaYehova eArgentina ngowe-1978 nowe-1979, eBenin ngowe-1976, eBurundi ngowe-1989, eCameroon ngowe-1970, eDominican Republic ngowe-1950 nowe-1957, e-Ethiopia ngowe-1957, eGabon ngowe-1971, eGrisi ngowe-1963 nowe-1966, eJordan ngowe-1959, eMalawi ngowe-1968, 1972, 1975, nangowe-1976, eMalaya ngowe-1952, eMozambiki ngowe-1976, ePortugal ngowe-1964 nowe-1966, eSingapore ngowe-1972, eSpeyin ngowe-1961 nangowe-1962, naseSwaziland ngowe-1983.

Njengomzekelo wakutshanje woko kwenziwa ngamaNgqina kaYehova ehlabathini lonke ukuze akhulule abazalwana bawo abacinezelweyo, khawuqwalasele imeko yaseGrisi. Ngenxa yokutshutshiswa ngokuqatha kwamaNgqina kaYehova ngenxa yokuphenjelelwa ngabefundisi bobuOthodoki bamaGrike apho, ngowe-1986 iphephancwadi IMboniselo noVukani! (ekusasazwa imibhalo yawo ehlabathini lonke engama-22 000 000 xa edibene) anikela iinkcukacha zaloo ntshutshiso. AmaNgqina akwamanye amazwe acelwa ukuba abhalele amagosa orhulumente waseGrisi ekhalazela indlela abaphethwe ngayo abazalwana bawo. Enjenjalo; yaye njengoko kwanikelwa ingxelo kwiphephandaba laseAthens iVradyni, umphathiswa wezobulungisa wafikelwa ziileta ezingama-200 000 zivela kumazwe angaphezu kwama-200 ibe zibhalwe ngeelwimi ezili-106.

Kunyaka olandelayo, xa kwakuchotshelwe ityala elalibandakanya iNgqina kwinkundla yezibheno eHania, eCrete, kwakukho abameli bamaNgqina kaYehova ababevela kwamanye amazwe asixhenxe (eFransi, eItali, eJamani, eJapan, eNgilani, eSpeyin, naseUnited States) ababenenxaxheba kwelo tyala yaye bexhasa abazalwana bawo abangamaKristu. Kwandula ke, emva kwesigqibo esasinxamnye nawo ngowe-1988 kwiNkundla Ephakamileyo yaseGrisi kwelinye ityala elalibandakanya amaNgqina, kwenziwa isebheno kwiKomishini yaseYurophu Yamalungelo Abantu. Apho, ngoDisemba 7, 1990, abagwebi abali-16 ababesuka phantse kuzo zonke iinxalenye zaseYurophu banikwa ingxelo ngokubanjwa kwabantu abangama-2 000 namatyala angamakhulu amaNgqina kaYehova eGrisi awayegwetywe kuwo ngenxa yokuba ayethetha ngeBhayibhile. (Enyanisweni, kwabanjwa abantu abali-19 147 eGrisi ukususela ngowe-1938 ukusa kowe-1992.) Le Komishini ngamxhelomnye yenza isigqibo sokuba eli tyala lichotshelwe yiNkundla yaseYurophu Yamalungelo Abantu.

Kwezinye iimeko ukubhencwa okunjalo kokusetyenziswa kakubi kwamalungelo abantu kuzisa inkululeko ethile. Noko ke, kungakhathaliseki oko kwenziwa ngabagwebi okanye abalawuli, amaNgqina kaYehova ayaqhubeka ethobela uThixo njengomLawuli wawo Owongamileyo.

Ukuqinisekisa Ukukwamkelwa Ngokusemthethweni

Igunya lokuqhubeka nonqulo lokwenyaniso ngokucacileyo aliveli kuye nawuphi na umntu okanye urhulumente wabantu. Livela kuYehova uThixo. Noko ke, kumazwe amaninzi, ukuze aqinisekise ukukhuseleka okunikelwa ngumthetho wehlabathi, kuye kwangqineka kuyingenelo ukuba amaNgqina kaYehova abhalise kurhulumente njengombutho wonqulo. Amalungiselelo okuthenga indawo yokwakha iofisi yesebe okanye okwenza umsebenzi ongakumbi wokushicilela uncwadi lweBhayibhile anokwenziwa ngokulula ngokuseka umbutho wasekuhlaleni osemthethweni. Ngokuvisisana nomzekelo owamiselwa ngumpostile uPawulos kwiFilipi yamandulo ‘ekumiseleni ngokusemthethweni iindaba ezilungileyo,’ amaNgqina kaYehova athabatha amanyathelo afanelekileyo ukuze aphumeze oku.—Fil. 1:7, NW.

Maxa wambi, oku bekuba nzima gqitha. Ngokomzekelo, eOstriya, apho isivumelwano esenziwa neVatican siqinisekisa ukuxhasa ngemali kukarhulumente iCawa yamaKatolika, ekuqaleni imigudu yamaNgqina kaYehova ayizange yamkelwe ngabasemagunyeni, abathi: ‘Injongo yenu kukuseka intlangano yonqulo, yaye intlangano enjalo ayinakusekwa ngokomthetho waseOstriya.’ Noko ke, ngowe-1930, akwazi ukubhalisa umbutho wokusasaza iiBhayibhile noncwadi lweBhayibhile.

ESpeyin umsebenzi wenkulungwane yama-20 wamaNgqina kaYehova waqalisa ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi I. Kodwa ukususela kwiminyaka yokuqala Yokuncinwa Kwamakholwa ngenkulungwane ye-15, ngaphandle kweemeko ezimbalwa, iCawa yamaRoma Katolika yayisebenzisana noRhulumente waseSpeyin. Ukuguquka kwemeko yezobupolitika neyezonqulo kwakhokelela ekubeni abantu bakwazi ukuba nolunye unqulo, kodwa kwakungavumelekanga ukulubonakalisa ekuhleni ukholo lwabo. Phezu kwazo nje ezi meko, ngowe-1956 yaye kwakhona ngowe-1965, amaNgqina kaYehova azama ukwamkelwa ngokusemthethweni eSpeyin. Ukanti, akuzange kwenziwe nkqubela yokwenene de iPalamente yaseSpeyin yawisa uMthetho Wenkululeko Yonqulo wowe-1967. Ekugqibeleni, ngoJulayi 10, 1970, xa kwakusele kukho amaNgqina angaphezu kwe-11 000 eSpeyin, amkelwa ngokusemthethweni.

Isicelo sokubhaliswa ngokusemthethweni kweWatch Tower Society senziwa kwirhuluneli yethanga laseFransi iDahomey (ngoku eyaziwa njengeBenin) ngowe-1948. Kodwa eso sicelo asizange samkelwe de kwangowe-1966, emva kweminyaka emithandathu elo lizwe liyiriphabliki ekhululekileyo. Sekunjalo, oko kwamkelwa ngokusemthethweni kwarhoxiswa ngowe-1976 kwaza kwaphinda kwabuyiselwa ngowe-1990 njengoko kwakusenzeka iinguqulelo kwimeko yezobupolitika nakwisimo sengqondo sabasemagunyeni ngakwinkululeko yonqulo.

Nangona amaNgqina kaYehova ayamkelwe ngokusemthethweni eKhanada kangangeminyaka, iMfazwe Yehlabathi II yenza ukuba abo babewachasa beyisele irhuluneli jikelele ukuba ivakalise amaNgqina njengangekho mthethweni. Oku kwenziwa ngoJulayi 4, 1940. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, xa amaNgqina anikwa ithuba lokuthumela abameli kwikomiti enyuliweyo yeNdlu Engasezantsi (House of Commons), loo komiti yavumelana ukuba kurhoxiswe ukuvalwa komsebenzi wamaNgqina kaYehova kunye nemibutho yawo esemthethweni. Noko ke, kwade kwasemva kokuba kubekho iingxongxo ezininzi kwiNdu Engasezantsi kwenziwe nomsebenzi omkhulu wokufumana abantu bokutyobela izicelo ezibini zazwenibanzi awathi umphathiswa wezobulungisa, owayengumRoma Katolika, waziva enyanzelekile ukuba akurhoxise ngokupheleleyo oko kuvalwa kwawo.

Kwakufuneka iinguqulelo ezisisiseko kwisimo soorhulumente baseMpuma Yurophu ngaphambi kokuba amaNgqina kaYehova amkelwe ngokusemthethweni apho. Ekugqibeleni, emva kwamashumi eminyaka kusenziwa izibongozo zokufumana inkululeko yonqulo, amaNgqina amkelwa ngokusemthethweni ePoland naseHungary ngowe-1989, eRomania naseMpuma Jamani (ngaphambi kokumanyana kwayo neFederal Republic of Germany) ngowe-1990, eBulgaria nakuloo ndawo ngoko eyayiyiSoviet Union ngowe-1991, naseAlbania ngowe-1992.

AmaNgqina kaYehova azabalazela ukusebenza ngokuvisisana nemithetho yalo naliphi na ilizwe. Akhuthaza, ngokusuka eBhayibhileni, ukuhlonelwa kwabasemagunyeni. Kodwa xa imithetho yabantu ingqubana nemithetho kaThixo echazwe ngokucacileyo, aphendula ngokuthi: “Simelwe kukuthi sive uThixo [njengomlawuli, NW] kunokuba sive abantu.”—IZe. 5:29.

Xa Uloyiko Lubangela Abantu Balibale Iinkululeko Ezisisiseko

Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi okwandileyo ngabantu abaninzi kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso, nto leyo eye yanyanzela ukuba amadoda kunye nabafazi babe nomsebenzi wempangelo, amaNgqina kaYehova eUnited States aye ajamelana neemeko ezintsha kubulungiseleli bawo. Kwiindawo ezininzi phantse akukho mntu ebudeni bemini, yaye kuqhekezwa kakhulu. Abantu bayoyika. Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1970 nasekuqaleni kweyee-1980, kwawiswa ngokusemthethweni imiyalelo emitsha yokuba abantu abathengisayo kufuneka babe nephepha-mvume ukuze kwaziwe oko kufunwa ngabantu xa bekwiindawo abangahlali kuzo. Kwezinye iidolophu amaNgqina kaYehova ayesoyikiswa ngokubanjwa ukuba ayengawafuni amaphepha-mvume. Kodwa kwakusele kwandlalwe isiseko esisemthethweni esifanelekileyo, ngoko kwakunokwenziwa imigudu yokusingatha iingxaki ngaphandle kokuya enkundleni.

Apho kuvela iingxaki, abadala basekuhlaleni basenokuhlangana nabasemagunyeni bedolophu ukuze kufunyanwe isicombululo. AmaNgqina kaYehova akavumi konke konke ukucela imvume yokwenza umsebenzi uThixo ayalele ukuba wenziwe, ibe uMgaqo-siseko waseUnited States, oxhaswa zizigqibo zeNkundla Ephakamileyo, uqinisekisa inkululeko yonqulo neyokupapasha izinto ekunganyanzelekanga ukuba zihlawulelwe. Kodwa amaNgqina kaYehova ayaqonda ukuba abantu bayoyika, yaye asenokuvuma ukwazisa amapolisa ngaphambi kokuba aqalise ukunikela ubungqina kummandla othile, xa kuyimfuneko oko. Noko ke, xa kungafunyanwa sicombululo samkelekileyo, igqwetha elivela kwikomkhulu loMbutho liya kubhalela abasemagunyeni basekuhlaleni libacacisela ngomsebenzi wamaNgqina kaYehova, umthetho okumgaqo-siseko oxhasa ilungelo lawo lokushumayela, namandla awo okufumana elo lungelo esebenzisa amalungelo abemi belizwe nxamnye nomasipala namagosa akhe.f

Kwamanye amazwe kude kubonakale kuyimfuneko ukuya enkundleni ukuze kuphinde kufunyanwe isiqinisekiso senkululeko ebekukudala singasiwa so. Oko kwakunjalo eFinland ngowe-1976 nangowe-1983. Ibonakala ngathi yenzelwe ukuba abaninimzi bahlale beseluxolweni, imiyalelo emininzi yasekuhlaleni yawuthintela umsebenzi wonqulo obandakanya ukuya kwindlu ngendlu. Noko ke, enkundleni yaseLoviisa naseRauma kwaboniswa ukuba ukushumayela kwindlu ngendlu yinxalenye yonqulo lwamaNgqina kaYehova nokuba urhulumente wayeyivumele le ndlela yokuhambisa ivangeli xa wanikela imvume kumbutho wonqulo wamaNgqina kaYehova. Kwakhona kwaboniswa ukuba abantu abaninzi babekuvuyela ukutyelelwa ngamaNgqina nokuba kwakuya kuba kukuyibekela imiqathango inkululeko ukuvala umsebenzi onjalo ngenxa nje yokuba kungenguye wonk’ ubani owuxabisayo. Emva kwezigqibo ezivumelana nawo kuloo matyala, iidolophu nezixeko ezininzi zayiphelisa imiyalelo yazo.

Ukuguqula Umthetho Womgaqo-siseko

Kwamanye amazwe, umsebenzi wamaNgqina kaYehova uye wanguthunywashe ophambili ekuguquleni umthetho. Nawuphi na umfundi wezomthetho waseMerika ulazi kakuhle igalelo elenziwa ngamaNgqina kaYehova ekukhuseleni amalungelo abantu eUnited States. Okubonisa igalelo aye analo ngamanqaku anjengala alandelayo: “Imbopheleleko Yomthetho Womgaqo-siseko KumaNgqina KaYehova,” elalikwiMinnesota Law Review, kaMatshi 1944, nelithi, “Abo Babangela Inguqulelo Kumthetho Womgaqo-siseko: AmaNgqina KaYehova KwiNkundla Ephakamileyo,” elapapashwa kwiUniversity of Cincinnati Law Review, ngowe-1987.

Amatyala awo abumba inxalenye ebalulekileyo kumthetho waseMerika ongenkululeko yonqulo, inkululeko yokuthetha, nenkululeko yokupapasha. La matyala aye enza lukhulu ekunikeleni inkululeko kungekuphela kumaNgqina kaYehova kodwa nakubo bonke abemi. Kwintetho awayinikela eDrake University, uIrving Dilliard, umbhali nomhleli owaziwayo, wathi: “Nokuba uyakuthanda oko okanye akunjalo, amaNgqina kaYehova aye enza okungakumbi ekukhuseleni iinkululeko zethu kunalo naliphi na elinye iqela lonqulo.”

Yaye ngokuphathelele imeko yaseKhanada, intshayelelo yencwadi ethi State and Salvation—The Jehovah’s Witnesses and Their Fight for Civil Rights ithi: “AmaNgqina kaYehova afundisa urhulumente, nabantu baseKhanada, indlela yokukhusela ngokusemthethweni amaqela ahlukileyo ngeembono. Ukongezelela, . . . ukutshutshiswa [kwamaNgqina kwiphondo laseQuebec] kwakhokelela kuthotho lwamatyala awathi, ngeminyaka yee-1940 neyee-1950, asiwa kwiNkundla Ephakamileyo yaseKhanada. Nawo aba negalelo elibalulekileyo kwizimo zengqondo zabantu baseKhanada ngamalungelo abantu, yaye enza isiseko seenkululeko zabantu esikwimithetho yaseKhanada namhlanje.” “Omnye umphumo” wokulwela kwamaNgqina inkululeko yonqulo, le ncwadi icacisa isithi, “waba yinkqubo ende yengxubusho nengxoxo eyakhokelela kuMgaqo-siseko Wamalungelo,” ngoku oyinxalenye yomthetho osisiseko waseKhanada.

Ukongama Komthetho KaThixo

Noko ke, ngokuyintloko imbali engokwasemthethweni yamaNgqina kaYehova iye yaba bubungqina bolweyiseko analo lokuba umthetho kaThixo wongamile. Eyona nto isisiseko ngokuma kwawo kukuqonda kwawo imbambano yolongamo luphela. UYehova amgqala njengokuphela koThixo oyinyaniso noMongami olungileyo wendalo. Ngoko ke aye athabatha ukuma kokuba nayiphi na imithetho okanye izigqibo zenkundla ezinokungavumeli ukwenziwa koko uYehova ayalela ukuba kwenziwe ayifanelekanga nokuba inkqubo yabantu eye yamisela imiqathango enjalo igqithe igunya enalo. Ukuma kwawo kunjengoko kwabapostile bakaYesu Kristu, abathi: “Simelwe kukuthi sive uThixo kunokuba sive abantu.”—IZe. 5:29.

Ngoncedo lukaThixo amaNgqina kaYehova azimisele ukushumayela ezi ndaba zilungileyo zoBukumkani bukaThixo kwelimiweyo liphela ukuze zibe bubungqina kuzo zonke iintlanga ngaphambi kokuba kufike isiphelo.—Mat. 24:14.

[Footnotes]

[Blurb on page 680]

Oorhulumente bawaval’ umlomo amaNgqina kaYehova kumazwe amaninzi

[Blurb on page 682]

Eli tyala lachithwa, yaye umfundisi waphuma enkundleni ejwaqeka ngumsindo!

[Blurb on page 693]

Bambi abasemagunyeni babesenza ngobulumko ngakumbi xa bechophele amatyala abandakanya amaNgqina

[Box on page 684]

Ubungqina Obanikelwa KwiNkundla Ephakamileyo YaseUnited States

Xa wayephambi kweNkundla Ephakamileyo yaseUnited States njengegqwetha kwityala elalibizwa ngokuthi “Gobitis,” uJoseph F. Rutherford, ilungu loMbutho Wamagqwetha waseNew York nomongameli weWatch Tower Society, wanikela ingqalelo ngokucacileyo ekubalulekeni kokuzithoba kulongamo lukaYehova uThixo. Wathi:

“Amangqina kaYehova anikela ubungqina kwigama likaThixo uSomandla, okuphela kogama linguYEHOVA. . . .

“Ndifuna kuqondwe isibakala sokuba uYehova uThixo, ngaphezu kweminyaka engamawaka amathandathu eyadlulayo, wenza idinga lokumisela urhulumente wobulungisa esebenzisa uMesiya. Uya kulizalisekisa elo dinga ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Izibakala zanamhlanje ngokuvisisana nesiprofeto zibonisa ukuba sele likufutshane. . . .

“UThixo, uYehova, ungokuphela komthombo wobomi. Akakho omnye onokunikela ubomi. ILizwana lasePennsylvania alinakubunikela ubomi. URhulumente waseMerika akanako. UThixo wawisa lo mthetho [owalela ukunqula izithixo], njengoko uPawulos esitsho, ukuze akhusele abantu Bakhe kunqulo-zithixo. Nithi leyo yinto engenamsebenzi. Kwakunjalo nangesenzo sika-Adam sokutya isiqhamo esalelweyo. Asiloapile elatyiwa nguAdam, kodwa sisenzo sakhe sokungamthobeli uThixo. Imbambano ikukuba umntu uya kuthobela uThixo kusini na okanye umthetho wabantu. . . .

“Ndikhumbuza le Nkundla (akuyomfuneko kwaphela ukuba ndenjenjalo) ukuba kwityala elibizwa ngokuthi ‘Church v. United States’ le Nkundla yathi iMerika lilizwe lobuKristu; yaye oko kuthetha ukuba iMerika ifanele ithobele umthetho kaThixo. Kwakhona kuthetha ukuba le Nkundla ifanele iqonde ukuba umthetho kaThixo wongamile. Yaye ukuba umntu ngenxa yesazela ukholelwa ukuba umthetho kaThixo wongamile aze ngenxa yesazela aziphathe ngokuvisisana nawo, akukho gunya labantu elinokulawula okanye liphazamisane nesazela sakhe. . . .

“Ndicela ukuba ndikhe ndikhankanye oku: ngalo naliphi na ixesha le Nkundla ihlanganisana umsasazi wasematyaleni uvakalisa la mazwi: ‘Wanga uThixo angayisindisa iUnited States kunye nale Nkundla ibekekileyo.’ Yaye mna ngoku ndithi, wanga uThixo angayisindisa le Nkundla ibekekileyo ekwenzeni impazamo eya kukhokelela aba bantu baseUnited States ekubeni ngoozwilakhe nasekutshabalaliseni zonke iinkululeko eziqinisekisiweyo kuMgaqo-siseko. Lo ngumbandela obaluleke gqitha kuye wonke umntu waseMerika omthandayo uThixo neLizwi Lakhe.”

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Iziganeko Ezakhokelela Ekuguqulweni Kwesigqibo

Ngowe-1940, xa iNkundla Ephakamileyo yaseMerika yawisa isigwebo kwityala elalibizwa ngokuthi, “Minersville School District v. Gobitis,” sokuba abantwana besikolo kufuneka bakhahlele indwe, abagwebi abasibhozo kwabasithoba bavumelana noko. NguJustice Stone kuphela ongazange avume. Kodwa kwiminyaka emibini kamva, xa babechaza ukungavumelani kwabo nesigqibo kwityala elalibizwa ngokuthi “Jones v. Opelika,” abagwebi abangakumbi abathathu (uBlack, uDouglas, noMurphy) basebenzisa elo thuba ukuchaza ukuba bakholelwa kwelokuba ityala elibizwa ngokuthi “Gobitis” lagwetywa ngokungafanelekanga kuba inkululeko yonqulo yajongwa njengengabalulekanga kakhulu. Oko kwakuthetha ukuba abagwebi abane kwabasithoba babevumelana nokuguqulwa kweso sigqibo esenziwa kwityala elalibizwa ngokuthi “Gobitis.” Abagwebi ababini kwabahlanu ababengayisanga so inkululeko yonqulo bathabatha umhlala-phantsi. Abanye abatsha ababini (uRutledge noJackson) babechophele ityala xa ityala elingokukhahlela indwe lasiwa kwiNkundla Ephakamileyo. Ngowe-1943, kwityala elalibizwa ngokuthi “West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette,” bobabini bavumelana nenkululeko yonqulo kunokunyanzelisa ukukhahlela indwe. Ngaloo ndlela, ngevoti yabathandathu nxamnye nabathathu, iNkundla yakuguqula uku-ma kwayo kumatyala angaphambili amahlanu (elalisithi “Gobitis,” “Leoles,” “Hering,” “Gabrielli,” nelalisithi “Johnson”) ekwakwenziwe izibheno ngawo kule Nkundla.

Okubangel’ umdla kukuba, uJustice Frankfurter, egxeka isigwebo esawiswa kwityala elalibizwa ngokuthi “Barnette,” wathi: “Njengokuba bekunjalo ngaphambili, le Nkundla ngamaxesha athile iya kukuguqula ukuma kwayo. Kodwa ndikholelwa ukuba ayizange ngaphambi kwala matyala amaNgqina kaYehova (ngaphandle kwambalwa akhankanywe ngasentla aye aphinda achotshelwa) le Nkundla yenza izigqibo zokuthintela amandla karhulumente wolawulo-melo.”

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“Indlela Yokuhambisa Ivangeli Ekukudala Ikho”

Ngowe-1943, kwityala elalibizwa ngokuthi “Murdock v. Pennsylvania,” iNkundla Ephakamileyo yaseUnited States yathi, phakathi kwezinye izinto:

“Ukusasazwa kwamaphecana onqulo yindlela yokuhambisa ivangeli ekukudala ikho—eyayikho kwasekuqaleni kobukho boomatshini bokushicilela. Ibiyindlela ephumelelayo kumaqela onqulo ahlukahlukeneyo ukutyhubela iminyaka. Le ndlela yokuhambisa ivangeli namhlanje isetyenziswa ngomkhamo omkhulu ngamahlelo onqulo ahlukahlukeneyo oovulindlela bawo abasa iiNdaba Ezilungileyo kumawaka ngamawaka amakhaya nabafuna ngokutyelela ngokobuqu ukuzuza abalandeli bokholo lwabo. Ingaphezu kokushumayela; ingaphezu kokusasaza uncwadi lonqulo. Zidityaniswe zombini ezo zinto. Injongo yayo kukuhambisa ivangeli kanye njengokuba injalo inkonzo yemvuselelo. Le ndlela yomsebenzi wonqulo ngaphantsi koMthetho Wokuqala Ohlaziyiweyo ifanele ixatyiswe njengoko kunjalo ngokunqula ezicaweni nokushumayela ezipulpitini. Ifanele ikhuselwe njengoko injalo imisebenzi yonqulo eqhelekileyo neyamkelekileyo. Kwakhona ifanele ibe nenkululeko yokuthetha neyokupapasha.”

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“Amalungelo Afanayo Kubo Bonke”

Phantsi kwalo mxholo ungasentla, ngowe-1953 umbhali wemihlathi waseKhanada, owayesaziwa kakhulu ngelo xesha, wabhala: “Kufanele kubekho umbhiyozo omkhulu eParliament Hill wokubhiyozela isigqibo esenziwe yiNkundla Ephakamileyo yaseKhanada kwityala likaSaumur [elalisiwe eNkundleni ngamaNgqina kaYehova]; kufanele kubekho umbhiyozo ngenxa yesi sihlandlo sibalaseleyo. Zimbalwa izigqibo embalini yezomthetho eKhanada ezibaluleke kangaka. Zimbalwa iinkundla eziye zayingenelo eKhanada kunale. Ayikho enye inkundla efanele inconywe ngabantu baseKhanada abalixabisa ngokunzulu ilifa labo lenkululeko. . . . Le nkululeko ifanelwe ngowona mbhiyozo wakha wamkhulu.”

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Isigqibo Esinamandla Esasiwa KuRhulumente WamaNazi

Ngo-Oktobha 7, 1934, onke amabandla amaNgqina kaYehova eJamani athumela le leta kurhulumente waseJamani:

“KUMAGOSA ASEBURHULUMENTENI:

“ILizwi likaYehova uThixo, njengoko landlalwe kwiBhayibhile Engcwele, ngumthetho owongamileyo, yaye kuthi likuphela kwento esikhokelayo kuba siye sazinikela kuThixo yaye singabalandeli abanyanisekileyo bakaKristu Yesu.

“Ebudeni bonyaka ophelileyo, ibe ngokuchaseneyo nomthetho kaThixo yaye nisalela amalungelo ethu, niye anasivumela njengamangqina kaYehova ukuba sihlanganisane kunye ukuze sifundisise iLizwi likaThixo size simnqule yaye simkhonze. KwiLizwi lakhe usiyalela ukuba singakuhilizeli ukuhlanganisana kwethu. (Hebhere 10:25) UYehova usiyalela oku: ‘Ningamangqina am ukuba ndinguThixo. Hambani niye kuxelela abantu isigidimi sam.’ (Isaya 43:10, 12; Isaya 6:9; Mateyu 24:14) Umthetho wenu ungqubana ngokungqalileyo nomthetho kaThixo, ibe, silandela ukhokelo lwabapostile abathembekileyo, ‘simelwe kukuthi sive uThixo kunokuba sive abantu,’ yaye siya kwenjenjalo. (IZenzo 5:29) Ngoko ke oku kukunazisa ukuba nokuba sekumnyam’ entla siya kuthobela imithetho kaThixo, siya kuhlanganisana kunye ukuze sifundisise iLizwi lakhe, yaye siya kumnqula size simkhonze njengoko eyalela. Ukuba urhulumente okanye amagosa enu asiphatha ngogonyamelo kuba sithobela uThixo, ngoko igazi lethu liya kuba phezu kwenu yaye niya kuphendula kuThixo uSomandla.

“Asinamdla kwimicimbi yezobupolitika, kodwa sizinikele ngokupheleleyo kubukumkani bukaThixo phantsi kukaKristu uKumkani wakhe. Asiyi kwenzakalisa okanye singxwelerhe nabani na. Sithanda ukuhlala siseluxolweni size senze okulungileyo kubo bonke abantu njengoko sinalo elo thuba, kodwa, ekubeni urhulumente kunye namagosa enu eqhubeka nomgudu wenu wokusinyanzelela ukuba singayithobeli eyona mithetho ibalulekileyo kwindalo, ngoku sinyanzelekile ukuba sinazise ukuba, ngobabalo lwakhe, siya kumthobela uYehova uThixo size sikholose Ngaye ngokupheleleyo ukuba asihlangule kuko konke ukucinezelwa nakwabo basicinezelayo.”

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AmaNgqina Avalwe Umlomo Akuchaza Ngokucacileyo Ukuma Kwawo

Intlangano yamaNgqina kaYehova yavalwa umlomo ngurhulumente waseKhanada ngowe-1940. Emva koko kwasiwa enkundleni abantu abangaphezu kwama-500. AmaNgqina ayenokuzikhusela njani? Ngentlonelo kodwa ngokomeleleyo, ayethethe phantse oku kulandelayo eziNkundleni:

‘Ayikho into endiza kuyicelela uxolo ngezi ncwadi. Zifundisa ngendlela esa kubomi obungunaphakade. Ndikholelwa ngokunyanisekileyo ukuba zicacisa injongo kaThixo uSomandla yokumisela uBukumkani bobulungisa emhlabeni. Kum, ziye zaba yeyona ntsikelelo ibalaseleyo ebomini bam. Ngokwembono yam bekuya kuba kukona uSomandla ukutshabalalisa ezi ncwadi, kunye nesigidimi sikaThixo ezisiquletheyo, ngendlela efanayo nokuba bekuya kuba sisono ukutshisa iBhayibhile. Wonke umntu umele akhethe ukuba ufuna ukungamkeleki ebantwini na okanye ufuna ukungamkelwa nguThixo uSomandla. Mna ndikhethe ukuma ngakwicala leNkosi noBukumkani Bayo, ibe ndifuna ukuzukisa igama lOsenyangweni, elinguYehova, yaye ukuba ndiza kohlwaywa ngenxa yoko, ngoko baya kuba nembopheleleko phambi koThixo abo baya kundohlwaya.’

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Indlela Awayekugqala Ngayo Amalungu Karhulumente WaseKhanada

Amazwi alandelayo athethwa ngamalungu eNdlu Engaphantsi yaseKhanada ngowe-1943 xa ayebongoza umphathiswa wezobulungisa ukuba arhoxise ukuvalwa umlomo kwamaNgqina kaYehova nemibutho yawo esemthethweni:

“Akukho bungqina obasiwa kwikomiti lisebe lezobulungisa obabubonisa ukuba nangaliphi na ixesha amangqina kaYehova ayefanele avakaliswe njengentlangano engekho mthethweni . . . Lihlazo kuRhulumente waseKhanada into yokuba abantu bafanele bagwetywe ngenxa yeenkolelo zabo zonqulo ngendlela abaye bagwetywa ngayo aba bantu bacinezelweyo.” “Ngokwembono yam licacile elokuba, likhethe lonqulo kuphela elibangela ukuba kubekho oko kuvalwa kwabo.”—Mnu. Angus MacInnis.

“Uninzi lwethu aba bantu lubazi njengabantu abangeyongozi, abangenazo kwaphela iinjongo zokwenza okubi kurhulumente. . . . Kutheni oko kuvalwa kwabo umlomo kungazange kurhoxiswe? Akunakuba kungenxa yalo naluphi na uloyiko lokuba le ntlangano iyingozi kwintlalo-ntle yelizwe, okanye izenzo zayo zigxeka imfazwe. Akukho nabunye ubungqina bokuba oko kunokuba njalo.”—Mnu. John G. Diefenbaker.

“Oku kwenza ukuba ubani azibuze ukuba amaNgqina kaYehova aye achaswa ubukhulu becala ngenxa yesimo sawo sengqondo kumaRoma Katolika, kunokuba kube ngenxa yesimo sawo sengqondo sokuphembelela ukuvukelwa kombuso.”—Mnu. Victor Quelch.

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“Inkonzo Enenjongo Yokuzisa Inkululeko Yonqulo”

“Kuya kuba kokungafanelekanga ukungamkeli olu phando lufutshane ngeenkathazo amaNgqina kaYehova aye anazo noRhulumente ngaphandle kokunikela ingqalelo kwinkonzo enenjongo yokuzisa inkululeko yonqulo phantsi koMgaqo-siseko wethu oye wanikelwa ngenxa yokuzingisa kwawo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje aye avela izihlandlo ezininzi ezinkundleni ngaphezu kwalo naliphi na elinye iqela lonqulo, yaye aye abonakala engabantu abangaphangalelanga ngengqondo ebantwini, kodwa aye abambelela kwiinkolelo zawo ezisekelwe kwisazela, yaye ngenxa yoko iinkundla zeLizwe ziye zanikela uthotho lwezigqibo eziye zaqinisekisa zaze zanikela inkululeko yonqulo engakumbi kubemi baseMerika, yaye ziye zakhusela zaze zabanika inkululeko engakumbi. Kumatyala angamashumi amathathu ananye ebebandakanyeke kuwo asiwa kwiNkundla Ephakamileyo kwiminyaka emihlanu ukususela ngowe-1938 ukusa kowe-1943, yaye izigqibo kula nakumatyala amva ziye zayihambisela phambili gqitha injongo yenkululeko kuXwebhu Lwamalungelo ngokubanzi, yaye ngokukhethekileyo ukukhuselwa kwenkululeko yonqulo.”—“Church and State in the United States,” nguAnson Phelps Stokes, uMqulu III, 1950, iphepha 546.

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Ukuvuyela Inkululeko Yawo Yonqulo

Kumazwe amaninzi apho amaNgqina kaYehova ayengenankululeko ipheleleyo yonqulo kwixesha elidluleyo, ngoku ahlanganisana ekuhleni ukwenzela unqulo yaye abelana nabanye ngeendaba ezilungileyo zoBukumkani bukaThixo ngokukhululekileyo.

EQuebec, eKhanada

Ebudeni beminyaka yee-1940, amaNgqina ambalwa apha eChâteauguay ahlaselwa lihlokondiba. Ngowe-1992, amaNgqina angaphezu kwama-21 000 kwiphondo laseQuebec ebehlanganisana ngokukhululekileyo kwiiHolo zoBukumkani zawo

ESt. Petersburg, eRashiya

Ngowe-1992, abantu abangama-3 256 bazinikela ukuba babhaptizwe kwindibano yokuqala yezizwe ngezizwe yamaNgqina kaYehova eRashiya

EPalma, eSpeyin

Emva kokuba amaNgqina kaYehova eSpeyin amkelwa ngokusemthethweni ngowe-1970, imibhalo emikhulu kwiindawo zawo zokuhlanganisana yayibonisa uvuyo awayenalo ngokuhlanganisana ekuhleni

ETartu, e-Estonia

AmaNgqina ase-Estonia ebenombulelo ngokufumana uncwadi lweBhayibhile ngaphandle kokuthintelwa ukususela ngowe-1990

EMaputo, eMozambiki

Kwithuba lonyaka emva kokuba amaNgqina kaYehova amkelwe ngokusemthethweni apha ngowe-1991, amabandla angaphezu kwama-50 amaNgqina anehlombe ebefeza ubulungiseleli bawo esixekweni esilikomkhulu nakufutshane naso

ECotonou, eBenin

Ekufikeni kwabo kwintlanganiso ngowe-1990, abaninzi bamangaliswa kukubona umbhalo owamkela ekuhleni amaNgqina kaYehova. Apha bafumanisa ukuba ukuvalwa konqulo lwabo kwakurhoxisiwe

EPrague, eCzechoslovakia

Apha ngezantsi kuboniswe abantu abambalwa ababekhonza uYehova ebudeni bokuvalwa kwabo umlomo ngurhulumente kangangeminyaka engama-40. Ngowe-1991, bakuvuyela ukuhlanganisana kwindibano yezizwe ngezizwe yamaNgqina kaYehova ePrague

ELuanda, eAngola

Xa ukuvalwa kwawo umlomo kwarhoxiswayo ngowe-1992, abantu abangaphezu kwama-50 000 kunye neentsapho baye bavuma ukuba amaNgqina afundisise iBhayibhile kunye nabo

EKiev, eUkraine

Kwiintlanganiso kweli lizwe (ngokufuthi eziqhutyelwa kwiiholo eziqeshiweyo) kuza abantu abaninzi, ngokukodwa ukususela oko amaNgqina kaYehova amkelwa ngokusemthethweni ngowe-1991

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Kumatyala ali-138 abandakanya amaNgqina kaYehova, kuye kwenziwa izibheno nezibongozo kwiNkundla Ephakamileyo yaseUnited States. Kwali-111 kula, ukususela ngowe-1939 ukusa kowe-1963, uHayden Covington (oboniswe apha) wayeligqwetha

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UMaurice Duplessis, inkulumbuso yaseQuebec, eguqa esidlangalaleni phambi koKhardinali Villeneuve ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1930 yaye efaka umsesane emnweni wakhe njengobungqina bokusondelelana kweCawa noRhulumente. EQuebec, amaNgqina kaYehova ayetshutshiswa ngokuqatha

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UW. K. Jackson, owayephakathi kwabasebenzi bekomkhulu bemicimbi yasemthethweni, kangangeminyaka elishumi wakhonza njengelungu leQumrhu Elilawulayo lamaNgqina kaYehova

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URosco Jones, otyala lakhe elalibandakanya ubulungiseleli bamaNgqina kaYehova laya izihlandlo ezibini kwiNkundla Ephakamileyo yaseUnited States

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Abagwebi beNkundla Ephakamileyo yaseUnited States abathi, ngevoti yabathandathu nxamnye nabathathu kwityala elalibizwa ngokuthi “Barnette,” bakuchasa ukunyanzeliswa kokukhahlela indwe baza bathethelela inkululeko yonqulo. Oku kwasijika isigqibo sale Nkundla sangaphambili kwityala elalibizwa ngokuthi “Gobitis”

Abantwana ababebandakanyeke kula matyala

ULillian noWilliam Gobitas

UMarie noGathie Barnette

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UAimé Boucher, owavakaliswa engenatyala kwiNkundla Ephakamileyo yaseKhanada kwisigqibo esazichasayo izityholo zokungcatsha umbuso awayebekwa zona amaNgqina kaYehova

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Eli phecana, ngeelwimi ezintathu, lazisa lonke elaseKhanada ngezenzo zenkohlakalo ezazisenziwa kumaNgqina kaYehova eQuebec

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Kwaba yimfuneko ukufundisa amaNgqina kaYehova iindlela osebenza ngazo umthetho ukuze ahlangabezane nenkcaso kubulungiseleli bawo; ezi zezinye iimpapasho ezithetha ngezomthetho awayezisebenzisa