Abrahama Mpaminan̈in’ny Zan̈ahary Sady Kamaradinany

NISY andiany maramilan’ny mpanjaka efatra baka Antin̈iana nitsaka Ten̈aranon’ny Eofrata. Irô nan̈araka Lalaben’ny Mpanjaka tantin̈ianan’ny vavasahan’i Jordana. Resindrô aby tanàna nandalaovandrô, an̈isan’izen̈y Refaima, Zozima, Emima aviô Horita. Irô baka tiô nimpody lalan̈a, nandeha nanafiky ndreky nan̈ano fahirano tanàna atsimon’i Negeba jiaby.

Ino ma ten̈a antony nanafihandrô faritry io? Baka irô hahazo vavasaha tan̈elan̈elan̈an’ny Transjordania ndreky Negeba. Faritry io kahian̈a Distrikin’i Jordana. (Genesisy 13:10) Nisy fanjakan̈a dimy tan̈atin’ny faritry io, tsy azôvy fa Sodoma, Gomora, Adma, Zeboima aviô Bela. Nandroso mare tanàna aby io sady nilamin̈y fiain̈anan’olo tao. (Ezekiela 16:49, 50) Nan̈ano nan̈eky Kedorlaomera, mpanjakan’i Elama sady mpitariky andiany maramilan’ny mpanjaka efatra io irô tamy voanalohany. Fa irô baka tiô nikomy taminany. Ny raha nisy, firenena nan̈odidin̈y tsisy nan̈ampy irô, ke irô tsy maintsy nisetra Kedorlaomera ndreky mpanohan̈a izy aby io. Resy irô tamy farany, ke tsy saomasaoma raha niravain’iry Kedorlaomera tamy tanàna aby io.

An̈isan’olo lôso babo lelahy araiky kahian̈a Lota. Zanaka rahalahin’i Abrahama izio sady olo marin̈y. Tamy fotoan̈a io, Abrahama nipetraka tamy faritry maro bongo ta Hebrona, tsy lavitry Sodoma. Koa fa ren̈in’i Abrahama raha nandalo io, direkty izy namory olonany 318 lahy. Nisy jiranindrô vitsivitsy koa nan̈ampy irô nandeha nan̈ian̈a mpanjaka efatra aby in̈y. Tatran’iry Abrahama irô tamin’ny alin̈y, ke irô nilefa. Avotro Lota ndreky fianakavian̈anany miaraka amin’olo jiaby saiky ho babo ndreky fanan̈anandrô.

Mba marin̈y tsarabe edy raha tantarain’ny Genesisy toko faha-4 io? Sa izio tantara niforônin̈y an̈aboahan̈a fa mahery ankitin̈y araiky razamben’ny firenena maro, an̈isan’izen̈y jiosy? Karakôry koa raha hafa nandalo tamy fiain̈anan’i Abrahama?

Raha nivolan̈indrô mpitondra fivavahan̈a aby io

Tamy voanalohandohan’ny taonjato faha-19, teôlôziain loterianin̈y araiky kahian̈a Peter von Bohlen nivolan̈a fa angano fo tantaran’i Abrahama, aviô tsisy porofo ahaizan̈a fa marin̈y tantara momba fanafihan̈an’i Kedorlaomera. Nanoratra karaha ty koa prôfesaira araiky kahian̈a Julius Wellhausen: ‘Amy tantara tsy ahitan̈a fan̈azavan̈a mikoran̈a momba iry Abrahama.’ Ke karaha ty ho izy: “Raha momba [Abrahama] io raha niforônin’ny sain̈y fo.”

Nan̈araka hevitrindrô teôlôziain aleman aroe lahy in̈y koa irô teôlôziain angiley aby io. Karaha ty nisoratin’i Stopford Brooke amy bokinany Testamenta Taloha Ndreky Fiain̈ana amy Ziôty (angiley): “Efa lany andra irô angano momba araiky razamben’ny firenena koran̈in’ny bokin’ny Genesisy ao io. Izio tsy ahitan̈a porofo ara-tantara karaha angano momba … Arthur mpanjaka in̈y fo.” Karaha ty koa ho John Colenso, evaikan’ny anglikanin̈y ta Natal, zanatany britaniky taloha: “Tsy feno salakady efa nisy nivoan̈a raha koran̈in’ny … Genesisy … momba fiain̈anandrô olo taloha aby io ndreky raha mombamomba irô.” Nisosaohany ty koa: “Tsisy mety inoan̈a tantara aby io ndray araiky.”

Volan̈a fankaratsian̈a karaha zen̈y niparitaka karaha aretin̈y mifindra. (2 Timoty 2:17) Amy ziôty, mandeha an-tapitrisany mpivavaka nanjary tsy mino tantarandrô loham-pianakavian̈a taloha be tan̈y. Voabaraka irô teôlôziain mivolan̈a fa Kristianin̈y aby io, fôtony irô olo tsy mino Zan̈ahary aby io foeky nivolan̈a efa nahazo loatra kritìky ataon’olo amy Baiboly. Karaha ty, ohatra, voasoratra amy Bol’shaia Sovetskaia Entsiklopediia (Encyclopedie Sôvietiky Maventy): “Tafarafara tato, maro fan̈azavan̈a vaovao hita ke maro amy raha nivolan̈in’olo momba Baiboly nimpody nidinihin̈y ndraiky. Izio nampiran̈iny amy fan̈azavan̈a azo baka amy raha hitandrô mpikaroko raha ambany tany momba Baiboly. Izikoa zahavan̈a tantara, maro porofo ahitan̈a fa marin̈y irô fombafomban’olo sasany an̈atin’ny Baiboly ao kanefa niritriretin’olo fa angano.” Alô zahavantsika porofo hitandrô mpikaroko raha ambany tany momba tantaran’i Abrahama.

Oran’ny Kaldeanin̈y

Izikoa zahavan̈a raha koran̈in’ny Baiboly, Abrahama tombo ta ‘Oran’ny Kaldeanin̈y.’ (Genesisy 11:27-31; 15:7) Tan̈atin’ny taonjato maro, tsy hay aia tany nisy tanànan’i Ora. Irô olo mpankaratsy raha koran̈in’ny Baiboly aby io nivolan̈a fa izikoa nisy edy tanàna zen̈y tan̈y, tsy maintsy tanàna tsy man̈ankôry loatra sady tankodahoda. Vôty irô koa fa hay fa tamy lambilambin-draha hita tan̈elan̈elan̈an’i Babylony ndreky hoala Persiky io tiô tany nisy tanànan’i Ora. Mandeha andrivony maro bilan-tanimanga hita tamy toeran̈a io. Irô io nan̈aboaka tsarabe fa tanàna io nisy olo isan-karazany sady maro olo, aviô tao tany fandalovan’ny mpivarotro ndreky entan̈a baka tamy tany isan-karazany. Tamin’ny andran’i Abrahama, tamy tanàna io tao efa nisy lekaoly nampianaran̈a tsaiky hanoratra ndreky hikonty.

Ankoatran’izen̈y, fikarohan̈a natao ta Ora nahitan̈a fa irô mpan̈ano plan’ny tran̈o tao efa nahay nan̈ano karazan̈a pôtô isan-karazany, voûte ndreky tafon-tran̈o boribory. Mpan̈ano asa tan̈ana tan̈y nahay nanefy ravaka maro tsara, harpa voakaly mare ndreky sabatra misy lelany volamena tsisy fangarony. Irô mpikaroko raha ambany tany aby io nahita fa maro amy tran̈o tan̈y nisy tiô vita tamy tanimanga masaka. Irô io nivarin̈y tamy lavaka maventy mandeha 12 metara.

Baka amy lambilambin-draha hitan’ny mpikaroko aby io nahavy manam-pahaizan̈a maro niova hevitry amy tantaran’i Abrahama. Karaha ty nisoratin’i Sir Leonard Woolley tamy bokinany Fikarohan̈a Hita Momba Raha Taloha (angiley): “Zahay nihevitry fa tamy tran̈olay fo Abrahama nipetraka letrizay, fa hitanay ndraiky iziô fa izy mety nipetraka tamy tran̈o biriky tsara sady nisy raha jiaby nilain̈y, tamy tanambe araiky.” Karaha ty koa nisoratin’ny mpikaroko raha ambany tany araiky kahian̈a Alan Millard amy bokinany Raha Valera Baka Tamin’ny Andran’ny Baiboly (angiley): “Tsisy raha nijalian̈a olo tamy tanàna nialan’i Abrahama. Niadan̈a sady voaro izy tao kanefa nialany raha jiaby zen̈y. Izy nanjary mpifindrafindra monin̈y tsy nasian’olo fôtiny!”

Fanafihan̈an’i Kedorlaomera

Mba marin̈y ndraiky ma fa Abrahama nandresy Kedorlaomera, mpanjakan’ny Elama? Tamy fanombohan’ny taonjato faha-19, mbala tsy maro raha hain’olo momba Elamita. Irô olo mankaratsy raha koran̈in’ny Baiboly aby io tsy nino fa Elama masim-bava tamy Babylony, intsaka eky tamy Palestiny. Fa efa tsy karaha zen̈y eky fahitandrô Elamita amy ziôty. Raha hita tambanin’ny tany nan̈aboaka tsara fa Elamita aby io firenena mpiady salakady mahery. Misy boky araiky mivolan̈a karaha ty (Funk & Wan̈alls Standard Reference Encyclopedia): “Kadiriny tamin’ny 1950 T.K. (Talohan’i Kristy), Elamita aby io nandravan̈a tanànan’i Ora. … Tafaran’izen̈y irô nanjary masin-bava mare tamy mpitondra babylonianin̈y aby io.”

Tsy zen̈y fo, mpikaroko aby io koa nahita soratra nisy an̈aran̈an’ny mpanjakan’i Elama. Sasany amin’ny an̈aran̈a aby io manomboko amy volan̈a “Kudur”, mitovy amy “Kedoro.” Lagamara na “laomera”ndraiky nikahian̈a zan̈ahary vavin’ny elamita araiky nalaza. Ke misy mpanoratra tantara sasany nan̈eky fa mpitondra nisy ankitin̈y Kedorlaomera. Mety “Mpiasan’i Lagamara” dikan’ny an̈aran̈a Kedorlaomera zen̈y. Misy asa soratra babylonianin̈y maromaro nahitan̈a an̈aran̈a miramiran̈a amin’ny an̈arandrô mpanjaka telo nandeha nanafiky in̈y: Tudhula (Tidala), Eri-aku (Arioka) ndreky Kudur-lahmil (Kedorlaomera). (Genesisy 14:1) Ho prôfesaira A. Custance amy boky Sekiren’ny Raha Efa Nambaran’ny Zan̈ahary (angiley): “Ankoatran’ny an̈aran̈a aby io, misy tsipirian-draha koa ahitan̈a raha miramiran̈a amy raha niboaka ta Babylony, tamy fotoan̈an’ny Elamita aby io nitondra tan̈y. … Raha hita tamy takelaka aby io nankamarin̈y tsarabe raha koran̈in’ny Soratra Masin̈y, ke irô mpankaratsy raha koran̈in’ny Baiboly kinia nan̈ano raha hahavy olo hieritreritry fa tsisy dikany aby asa soratra aby io.”

Akôry fo basy fanafihan̈a nataon’ny mpanjaka efatra nitambatra in̈y? Misy porofo mankamarin̈y zen̈y ma amy raha hita ta Transjordania ndreky Negeba? Zen̈y tsarabe. Nivolan̈a prôfesaira Yohanan Aharoni amy bokinany Raha Hitan’ny Mpikaroko Momba Tanin’i Israely (angiley) fa talohan’ny nisian’ny firenenan’i Israely, nisy firenena nisy vahoaka “naro” mare ta Transjordania ndreky Negeba tan̈y. Fa “kadiriny tamy taon̈o 2000 T.K.” firenena io nanjavon̈o tampoko. Mpikaroko sasany ndraiky nivolan̈a fa kadiriny tamy taon̈o 1900 T.K. tatỳ izio nanjavon̈o. Karaha ty koa ho Harold Stigers amy bokinany Hevitrin’olo Momba Bokin’ny Genesisy (angiley): “Misy vazy vita tamy tanimanga vita tamy fotoan̈a zen̈y hita ta Negeba ndreky ta Transjordania. Miran̈a aby vazy aby io. Irô io nan̈aporofo fa tampoko sady nampan̈isin̈y fomba nifoan̈an’ny firenena aby io.” Firaka tamindrô mpankaratsy raha koran̈in’ny Baiboly karaha ataon’i John Van Seters koa mba tsy nifamatra raha zen̈y. Ho izy amy bokinany Abrahama amy Tantara Ndreky Fomban-drazan̈a (angiley): “Fa ny raha mbala tsy mazava fo, izikoa olo aby io ten̈a niala tao ankitin̈y, aia ma tany nimboahandrô, tafaran’ny fotoan̈a io?”

Mety man̈amia fan̈azavan̈a momba zen̈y Genesisy toko faha-14. Izikoa Baiboly zahavan̈a, tamin’ny 1943 T.K. Abrahama navy ta Kanana. Mety tsy ela tafaran’izen̈y Kedorlaomera nan̈ano fanafihan̈a io. Tafara tatỳ, mbala tamy taonjato io fo, Zan̈ahary nandatsaka môtro nandravan̈a tanànan’i Sodoma ndreky Gomora, fôtony irô tao ratsy fitondran-ten̈a mare. Namokatra mare lemakan’i Jordana io taloha, fa tafaran’ny raha nandalo io raha zen̈y niova. (Genesisy 13:10-13; 19:24, 25) Ke nanjary tsy setry nanafiky tan̈y eky mpanafiky baka tan-tany hafa.

Maro koa raha hitan’ny mpikaroko mankamarin̈y raha koran̈in’ny Soratra Masin̈y momba raha sasany mikasiky Abrahama. Fa na izy man̈ano zen̈y, misy fetrany raha hitan’ny mpikaroko. Fôtony matetiky, tsy mivantan̈a porofo hitandrô, aviô mety miova fomba fan̈azavandrô dikan’ny raha aby io fôtony irô tsy lavorary.

Volan̈an’olo ten̈a azo antoko

Raha nivolan̈in’i Jehovah Zan̈ahary niasa olombelon̈o porofo farany matomboko ahaizan̈a fa nisy ankitin̈y Abrahama. Amy Salamo 105:9-15 izy mivolan̈a fa ‘mpaminan̈inany’ Abrahama ndreky Isaka aviô Jakoba. Kadirin’ny andrivony taon̈o tafarany nifatesan’i Abrahama, nisy mpaminan̈y telo farafaheliny nasain’i Jehovah Zan̈ahary nikoran̈a momba Abrahama. ‘Kamaradiko’ aby an̈isany fomba nikahiany Abrahama. (Isaia 41:8; 51:2; Jeremia 33:26; Ezekiela 33:24) Jesosy koa mba nikoran̈a momba Abrahama, ke nangala ohatra momba izy foeky. Talohany Zanaka Zan̈ahary io navy tambony tany teto, hitany maso karakôry fifandraisan’ny Babany ndreky Abrahama. Zen̈y nahavy izy nivolan̈a tamy jiosy aby io karaha ty:

“ ‘Izikoa anarô zanakan’i Abrahama, anarô tôkony man̈ano asan’i Abrahama. Fa anarô iziô mitady hamono zaho, kanefa zaho nan̈ambara anarô ny marin̈y ren̈iko tamy Zan̈ahary. Abrahama tsy nan̈ano raha karaha zen̈y. Abrahama babanarô ravoravo mare nan̈anten̈a hahita andranaka. Efa hitany raha zen̈y, ke izy ravoravo.’ Ke ho irô Jiosy aby io taminany: ‘Ndray anao mbala tsendriky 50 taon̈o, ke anao efa nahita Abrahama?’ Ho Jesosy tamindrô: ‘Ankitikitin̈y, ambarako anarô marin̈y tsarabe fa, talohan’i Abrahama nisy, zaho efa nisy.’ ”​—Jaona 8:39, 40, 56-58.

Tsisy antony tôkony hampisalasala atsika amy raha jiaby koran̈in’ny Baiboly momba Abrahama fôtony irô olo aroe farany an̈abo sady farany mahery mankamarin̈y raha zen̈y. (Jaona 17:5, 17) Marin̈y ndraiky fa koran̈in’ny Baiboly fa Abrahama môdely tsara, fa ndray zen̈y, Baiboly tsy man̈ambonimbony izy ke mivolan̈a fa izy malaza. Man̈aporofo zen̈y raha tantarain’ny Baiboly tamin’izy nandresy mpanjaka efatra in̈y. Abrahama koa fa nody tamin’izy baka niady tamy tafikin’i Kedorlaomera, niarahaba izy karaha ty Melkizedeka, mpanjakan’ny Salema: ‘Derain̈y Zan̈ahary araiky Farany An̈abo, fôtony olo nampijaly anao namezany anao tam-pelatan̈ananao!’ Jehovah namezan’ny mpanjaka io dera tamy fan̈avaotan̈a io.​—Genesisy 14:18-20.

Hisy fandrisian̈a maventiventin’in̈y tsy ho ela! Hahazo dera karaha zen̈y koa Zan̈ahary aminio fôtony izy handresy ‘mpanjakan’ny tany jiaby’ amin’ny ady eran-tany kahian̈a Aramagedona. (Apokalypsy 16:14, 16) Amy zen̈y, ho tanteraka tsarabe fampan̈antinan̈an’ny Zan̈ahary tamin’i Abrahama, mpaminan̈inany sady kamaradiny. Izy baka nivolan̈a karaha ty: “Firenena jiaby ambony tany han̈ano raha hazahoany rady baka amy taranakanao.” Mandeha an-tapitrisany olo efa mahazo tapatapany amin’ny hatsaran̈a zen̈y amy ziôty. Afaka ho an̈isan’izen̈y anao izikoa zahavan̈a lahatsoratra amy pazy 18-28 amy gazety ty.​—Genesisy 22:18.

[Sarin-tany/Sary]

(Zahava gazety)

Ranomasin̈y Be

NEGEBA

Damaskosy

Harana

Ten̈aranon’i Eofrata

Ten̈aranon’i Tigra

Ora

ELAMA

Hoala Persiky

[Sarin-tany]

Damaskosy

Dana

REFAIMA

ZOZIMA

Sekema

Betela

Distrikin’i Jordana

Ranomasin-tsira

Hebrona

NEGEBA

Lalaben’ny Mpanjaka

EMIMA

Gomora

Sodoma

HORITA

[Sary]

Abrahama nan̈eky niala ta Ora, tanàna nandroso mare

Sasany amy raha hita ta Ora:

1. Sabatra madiniky ndreky tran̈ony volamena

2. ‘Drapôn’i’ Ora

3. Lohan’ny aombilahy volamena baka tamy vatra man̈ena fasian̈a harpa

4. Ravaka

5. Satroko ampanjaka misy vatosoa

[Sary nazahoan̈a lalan̈a]

Sary: Nazahoan̈a lalan̈a tamy British Museum