Ubukristu Bwashimikilwa Ku Bayuda Ba Mu Mwanda Wa Myaka Uwa Kubalilapo

MU MWAKA wa 49 C.E. kwali ukukumana ukwacindama mu Yerusalemu. Pa basangilweko pali Yohane, Petro, na Yakobo munyina wa kwa Yesu “abalemoneka ukuba inceshi” mu cilonganino ca Bena Kristu ica mwanda wa myaka uwa kubalilapo. Bambi abasangilweko mutumwa Paulo na kabomba munankwe Barnaba. Pali kulya kukumana bali no kulanshanya ifya kwakanya icifulo ca kushimikilamo imbila nsuma icali icikulu. Paulo alondolwele ukuti: “Batambike ine na Barnaba ukuboko kwa kulyo ukuti tulebombela pamo, ukuti tuye ku bena fyalo, lelo bene baye ku basembululwa.”—Abena Galatia 2:1, 9.a

Kuti twaishiba shani ifyo basuminishenye? Bushe icifulo ca kushimikilamo imbila nsuma cali no kwakanishiwa mu kuti bambi bali no kuyashimikila ku baYuda ne nsangu e lyo bambi na bo bali no kuyashimikila ku bena fyalo? Nelyo bushe ukumfwana kwaliko kwali kwa kupeelwa fye ififulo fya kushimikilamo? Pa kuti twingasanga icasuko cingatwafwa, tulekabila ifyebo ifyalembelwe kale pa baYuda Bafumine mu Palestine no kuyaikala mu fyalo fimbi.

Imikalile ya BaYuda mu Mwanda wa Myaka uwa Kubalilapo

BaYuda banga abafumine mu Yudea no kusalanganina ku ncende shimbi? Cimoneka kwati abasoma abengi balisumina ifyo icitabo ca Atlas of the Jewish World cisosa icitila: “Tacayanguka ukwishiba impendwa ya baYuda abasalanganine mu fyalo fimbi, lelo catunganishiwa ukuti pa numa fye ya 70 C.E. kwaliko abaYuda amamilioni yabili na hafu abali mu Yudea e lyo amamilioni ukucila pali 4 e baileikala mu ncende yaletekwa na bena Roma. . . . Cilepala kwati abaYuda baleikala mu ncende yaletekwa na bena Roma bali abanono nga kubalinganya ku mpendwa ya bantu bonse abaleikalamo. E lyo mu ncende umwalemoneka kwati emo abaYuda bafulile, pamo nga mu misumba yabelele ku kabanga, namo mwine balimo fye abanono.”

Incende shalesangwamo sana abaYuda shintu shabelele ku Kabanga, mu Suria, mu Asia Minor, mu Babiloni, na mu Egupti. Kwali abaYuda na bambi abanono abaleikala mu ncende shimo mu Bulaya. AbaYuda bamo abaishibikwe sana mu cilonganino ca Bwina Kristu bafyalilwe mu fyalo fimbi, bamo pali aba ni Barnaba uwafumine ku Kupro, Priskila na Akula abafumine ku Ponte na ku Roma, e lyo na Apolo uwafumine ku Alekesandria, na Paulo umwina Tarsi.—Imilimo 4:36; 18:2, 24; 22:3.

AbaYuda basalanganine mu fyalo fimbi baleumfwana na bashele mu Israele mu nshila ishingi. Inshila imo baleumfwaninamo, kusonka umusonko uwa pa mwaka uo baletuma ku Yerusalemu, kabili ici calebafwa ukusangwilako ku milimo ya pe tempele na ku kupepa. Ulwa ici, uwasoma John Barclay asosele ukuti: “Nacimoneka fye ukuti amabumba yasalanganine mu ncende shimbi yalesunga bwino indalama shalelonganikwa, ukusanshako ne shalefuma ku bakankaala.”

Cimbi icalelenga ukuti baleishiba ifyalecitika ku calo ca kumwabo ni balya bantu baleya ku Yerusalemu cila mwaka ku mitebeto. Tubelenga ifi mu calembwa ca Imilimo 2:9-11 icilanda pali Pentekoste wa mu 33 C.E. AbaYuda basangilwe ku mutebeto bafumine ku Partia, ku Media , ku Elamu, ku Mesopotamia, ku Kapadokia, ku Ponte, ku Asia, ku Frugia, ku Pamfulia, ku Egupti, ku Libya, ku Roma, ku Krete, na ku Arabia.

Abaleangalila itempele mu Yerusalemu baleishibishako abaYuda basalanganine mu fyalo fimbi ifyalecitika ne fyalefwaikwa ukupitila mu kulemba amakalata. Caishibikwa ukuti Gamaliele, kasambilisha wa mafunde uwalumbulwa pa Imilimo 5:34, alitumine amakalata ku Babiloni na ku fyalo fimbi. Lintu umutumwa Paulo umufungwa afikile mu Roma mu 59 C.E., “abakalamba ba baYuda” bamwebele ukuti ‘tatwapokelelapo bakalata pali iwe ukufuma ku Yudea, kabili takwaisapo uwa bwananyina nangu umo uwatushimikila atemwa ukulanda ica bubifi pali iwe.’ Ici cilelangilila ukuti abali mu Israele lyonse baletuma amakalata na malipoti ku Roma.—Imilimo 28:17, 21.

Baibolo balebomfya abaYuda basalanganine mu fyalo fimbi yali bupilibulo bwa Malembo ya ciHebere mu ciGriki iyaishibikwa ukuti Septuagint. Icitabo cimo calanda ukuti: “Calilinga ukusondwelela ukuti LXX [Septuagint] nelyo Baibolo ya baYuda nangu Amalembo ya Mushilo yalebelengwa kabili yalipokelelwe ku baYuda basalanganine mu fyalo fimbi.” Ubupilibulo bumo bwine e bo Abena Kristu ba kubalilapo balebomfya sana pa kusambilisha.

Ne bumba litungulula mu Yerusalemu lyalishibe ukuti e Baibolo balebomfya. Imbila nsuma yalifikile kale ku baYuda baileikala ku Suria na mu ncende shimbi, ukusanshako na mu Damaseke na mu Antioke. (Imilimo 9:19, 20; 11:19; 15:23, 41; Abena Galatia 1:21) Pa kukumana kwaliko mu 49 C.E., bonse abasangilweko baletantikila libela umulimo bali no kubomba. Natumone ifyo Baibolo yalanda pa fyo abaYuda ne Nsangu balefulilako.

Inyendo sha kwa Paulo Isha Kutandalila AbaYuda Basalanganine mu Fyalo Fimbi

Umulimo umutumwa Paulo apeelwe mu kubangilila wa “kutwala ishina lya kwa [Yesu Kristu] ku bena fyalo na ku shamfumu na ku bana ba kwa Israele.”b (Imilimo 9:15) Pa numa ya kukumana kwali mu Yerusalemu, Paulo atwalilile ukushimikila konse uko abaYuda basalanganine mu fyalo fimbi. (Moneni umukululo pe bula 14.) Ici calangilila ukuti ukwakana kwa cifulo ca kushimikilamo kwali ni ncende te bantu. Paulo na Barnaba balundulwile umulimo wabo uwa Bumishonari ku masamba ya Roma, abashala bambi babombele mu Yudea na ku baYuda baleikala ku Kabanga.

Lintu Paulo na banankwe batendeke ulwendo lwa bubili ukufuma ku Antioke mu Suria, baile ku masamba ukupulinkanya Asia Minor kabili bailefika ku Troa. Bafumine kulya no kwabukila ku Makedonia pantu basondwelele ukuti ‘Lesa [alibetile] ukuyabila imbila nsuma ku [Bena Makedonia].’ Pa numa ifilonganino fyalipangilwe mu misumba imo iya mu Bulaya, ukusanshako mu Atena e lyo na mu Korinti.—Imilimo 15:40, 41; 16:6-10; 17:1-18:18.

Mupepi no mwaka wa 56 C.E., pa mpela ya lwendo lwalenga butatu, Paulo apangile ukuyafika na ku masamba pa kuti ashimikile mu fifulo ifingi ifyo apeelwe ukushimikilamo pa kukumana kwali mu Yerusalemu. Paulo abalembele ukuti: ‘Ndefwaisha ukubile mbila nsuma na kuli imwe, mwe ba uko ku Roma,’ kabili ‘nkesapita kuli imwe pa kuya ku Speni.’ (Abena Roma 1:15; 15:24, 28) Nga nani wali no kuyashimikila ku baYuda basalanganine ku Kabanga?

AbaYuda Abaleikala ku Kabanga

Mu mwanda wa myaka uwa kubalilapo, abaYuda abengi baileikala mu Egupti, sana sana mu musumba ukalamba uwa Alekesandria. AbaYuda abengi baikele mu Alekesandria, umusumba balecitilamo amakwebo kabili umwali ubuyantanshi sana, e lyo na masunagoge yabo yali fye mpanga yonse. Philo, umuYuda uwa ku Alekesandria, alandile ukuti pali ilya nshita mu Egupti monse mwali abaYuda ukucila pali milioni umo. E lyo impendwa iyalinga fye e baileikala mu calo caba mupepi ica Libya mu musumba wa Kurene na mu ncende shali mupepi.

AbaYuda bamo abaishileba Abena Kristu bafumine kuli ishi ncende. Tubelenga pali “Apolo, umukaya wa ku Alekesandria,” “abaume bamo aba ku Kupro na ku Kurene,” na pali “Luki umwina Kurene,” uwatungilile icilonganino cali mu Suria Antioke. (Imilimo 2:10; 11:19, 20; 13:1; 18:24) Kwena Baibolo tayalanda sana pa mibombele ya Bena Kristu ba kubalilapo mu Egupti na mu ncende shimbi, kano fye pali kabilisha wa mbila nsuma umwina Kristu Filipi uwa shimikile mutungwi umwina Etiopia.—Imilimo 8:26-39.

Mumbi umo abaYuda abengi baikele ni mu Babiloni, e lyo na mu Partia, mu Media, na mu Elamu. Kalemba wa lyashi lya kale atile: “Icitungu conse mwi lungu lya Tigris na Yufrate, ukufuma ku Armenia ukufika na ku cisumbu ca ku Persia, kumo na pa kati ka kabanga na kapinda ka ku kuso aka Bemba wa Caspian, na ku kabanga ka Media, monse mwalesangwa abaYuda.” Icitabo ca Encyclopaedia Judaica catila impendwa ya baYuda yalicilile pali 800,000. Kalemba wa lyashi lya kale umuYuda uwe shina lya Josephus atila imyanda mishila iya baYuda abaleikala mu Babiloni baleya ku Yerusalemu ku mitebeto ya pa mwaka.

Pali balya baleya ku Yerusalemu mu kupepa, bushe pali Abena Babiloni ababatishiwe pa Pentekoste 33 C.E.? Tatwaishiba nelyo cimo, lelo pa bakutike ku fyo umutumwa Petro alesambilisha pali bulya bushiku pali na bafumine ku Mesopotamia. (Imilimo 2:9) Kabili twalishiba ukuti umutumwa Petro ali ku Babiloni ukufuma mu 62 ukufika mu 64 C.E. Lintu ali kulya, alembele kalata wakwe uwa kubalilapo nalimo fye no wa bubili. (1 Petro 5:13) Apo mu Babiloni mwali abaYuda abengi nga nshi, camoneke kwati na yo yali ni ncende ya kushimikilamo iyapeelwe kuli Petro, Yohane, na Yakobo pa kukumana kwalandwapo muli kalata yalembelwe ku Bena Galatia.

Icilonganino ca mu Yerusalemu na BaYuda Basalanganine Kumbi

Yakobo uwasangilweko ilyo kwali ukukumana uko balelanda pa fifulo fya kushimikilamo, ali ni kangalila mu cilonganino ca mu Yerusalemu. (Imilimo 12:12, 17; 15:13; Abena Galatia 1:18, 19) Alimwene ifyacitike pa Pentekoste wa 33 C.E. lintu abaYuda abengi pali balya bafumine mu fyalo fimbi baishile ku mutebeto no kumfwa imbila nsuma e lyo no kubatishiwa.—Imilimo 1:14; 2:1, 41.

Ukutula lilya abaYuda abengi baleisa ku kusefya imitebeto ya pa mwaka. Mu musumba mwaleisula abantu ica kuti abeni baleikala mu mishi yali mupepi nelyo ukusaka insakwe no kwimika amatenti. Encyclopaedia Judaica yalanda ukuti pa mbali ya kukumanya ifibusa, abaYuda baileingila na mwi tempele no kupepa, ukupeela amalambo, no kubelenga Tora.

Takuli na kutwishika ukuti Yakobo na balya aali nabo mu cilonganino ca mu Yerusalemu baleshukila iyi nshita ukushimikila ku baYuda balefuma ku fyalo fimbi. Abatumwa bafwile balebomba mu kucenjela sana pali iyi nshita lintu ‘kwaimine ukupakasa kukalamba pa cilonganino icali mu Yerusalemu’ pa mulandu wa kuti Stefani alipaiwe. (Imilimo 8:1) Ifyalembwa filanga ukuti ilyo ukupakaswa kushilatendeka na lintu kwapwile, kwali ukulunduluka pantu Abena Kristu bali abacincila mu kushimikila.—Imilimo 5:42; 8:4; 9:31.

Finshi Twingasambililako?

Ca cine, Abena Kristu ba kubalilapo balibombeshe pa kushimikila ku baYuda konse uko bali. Pa nshita imo ine, Paulo na bambi bashimikile na ku bena fyalo mu Bulaya. Balyumfwilile ukukonkomesha kwa kulekeleshako ukwa kwa Yesu ku bakonshi bakwe ukwa kupanga abasambi “aba nko shonse.”—Mateo 28:19, 20.

Ica kumwenako cabo citwafwa ukumona ubucindami bwa kushimikila mu nshila yateyanishiwa bwino pa kuti umupashi wa kwa Yehova wingatwafwa. Tulesambililako no busuma bwa kushimikila kuli abo abafwaisha ukusambilila Icebo ca kwa Lesa, lelo abekala mu fifulo umushibombela sana Inte sha kwa Yehova. Bushe mu cifulo umo icilonganino cenu cishimikila mwaliba incende shimo umusangwa abantu abengi abalepokelela icine ukucila shimbi? Kuti cawamisha ukulashimikila muli sho ncende lyonse. Bushe kulabako fimo ificitika mu cifulo mushimikilamo ukusangwa abantu abengi ica kutila kuti mwabombako ubunte bwa mu lyashi nelyo ukushimikila mu musebo?

Icingatwafwa te kubelenga fye ifyalembwa mu Baibolo pa Bena Kristu ba kubalilapo, lelo kwishiba ifyo balebomba ne fifulo balebombelamo. E lyo cimbi icingatwafwa ukwishiba sana ifyo balebomba ne fifulo balebombelamo ni broshuwa wa ‘Moneni Icalo Cisuma,’ iyakwata bamapu abengi ne fikope.

[Amafutunoti]

[Chati pe bula 14]

UMUTUMWA PAULO ALIBIKILE AMANO KU BAYUDA BASALANGANINE MU FYALO FIMBI

MU 49 C.E. PA NTANSHI YA KUKUMANA MU YERUSALEMU

Imilimo 9:19, 20 Damaseke — “mu masunagoge atendeke ukushimikila”

Imilimo 13:14 Antioke mu Pisidia — “baingile mwi sunagoge”

PA NUMA YA KUKUMANA MU YERUSALEMU MU 49 C.E.

Imilimo 16:14 Filipi — “Ludia, . . . kapepa wa kwa Lesa”

Imilimo 17:1 Tesalonika — “isunagoge lya baYuda”

Imilimo 17:10 Berea — “isunagoge lya baYuda”

Imilimo 17:17 Atena — “alapelulushanya na baYuda mwi sunagoge”

Imilimo 18:4 Korinti — “alelanda mwi sunagoge”

Imilimo 28:17 Roma — “alongenye abakalamba ba baYuda”

[Mapu pe bula 15]

(Nga mulefwaya ukumona mapu, moneni muli magazini)

Abaumfwile imbila nsuma pa Pentekoste wa 33 C.E. bafumine ku fifulo ifingi

ILURIKI

ITALY

Roma

MAKEDONIA

GRISI

Atena

KRETE

Kurene

LIBYA

BITHYNIA

GALATIA

ASIA

FRUGIA

PAMFULIA

KUPRO

EGUPTI

ETIOPIA

PONTE

KAPADOKIA

CILICIA

MESOPOTAMIA

SURIA

SAMARIA

Yerusalemu

YUDEA

MEDIA

Babiloni

ELAMU

ARABIA

PARTIA

[Babemba]

Bemba wa Mediterranean

Bemba Wafiita

Bemba wa Kashika

Icisumbu ca mu Persia