Umusumba wa Tel Arad Ulatusambilisha Ifyacindama
Kwaliba umusumba umo uwaloba umwali itempele lishaishibikwa bwino. Muli uyu musumba mwali ne fintu ifya kale sana apo balembele ifyebo fimo. Ili lyashi kuti lyaumfwika kwati lushimi fye. Na kuba ifi fyonse twalandapo fyalishikeeme pa myaka iingi mu ciswebebe cabela ku ncende beta ati Tel Arad, iyaba mu calo ca Israele. Fyaishileishibikwa fye ilyo abashula ifya kale batendeke ukushula ifintu.
PALI ino nshita, abengi abaya mu kutandala ku Arad, batila ili tauni lyaba fye ngo musumba wali mu Israele ya kale. Ili tauni lyabela mu matololo ya mu Yudea lwa ku masamba ya Bemba Wafwa kabili mwaba abantu 27,000. Lelo, apo umusumba wa Aradi uwali mu Israele ya pa kale wabelele, paba amakilomita 8 ukufuma pali uyu musumba ukulola ku masamba. Uku kwine e ko bashulile ifintu ifya kale sana e lyo ne fipaapaatu ifyalembwapo.
Basangile ifipaanga fya nkola ne fipaapaatu fye bumba apalembelwe ifyebo. Aba kale baletemwa ukulemba ifyebo pa fintu fya musango yu. Ifipaanga fya nkola ne fipaapatu bashulile mu Tel Arad e fyafulisha ukucila fyonse ifyo basanga mu Israele. Nomba busuma nshi bwaba mu kushula ifi fintu fya kale sana?
Ifyo basangile mu Tel Arad fyaliko ukutula mu nshiku sha Bapingushi ba mu Israele wa ku kale ukufika mu 607 B.C.E. ilyo Babiloni asanshile Yuda. Kanshi ifyo bashulile filenga twaishiba ukuti ifyo Baibolo ilanda fya cine. Filatulanga bwino ne fyo abena Israele ba ku kale balemona ishina lya kwa Lesa.
Ifyo Baibolo Yalanda pa Musumba wa Aradi
Nangu ca kuti finono Baibolo yalanda pali uyu musumba, apo wabele paliweme pantu e mo aba makwebo bonse balepita. Kanshi te kuti tupape nga twamona ifyalembwa fya kale pamo ne fyo bashula ifilangilila ukuti uyu musumba wa kale libili libili baleusansa, ukuonaula no ku–ukuula cipya cipya. Pa mulandu wa kukuulwa imiku ne miku, uyu musumba wasukile wasansama.
Umuku wa kubalilapo Baibolo yalanda pali Aradi ni lintu ilanda pa myaka ya kulekeleshako pali ilya myaka 40 abena Israele baleendauka mu matololo. Ilyo Aarone, munyina kwa Mose afwile, tapakokwele, abantu ba kwa Lesa bailepita mupepi no mupaka wa Calo ca Bulayo ku kapinda ka ku kulyo. Imfumu ya bena Kanaani iyaleteeka mu Aradi yamwene kwati cali icayanguka ukucimfya aba bantu bale-endauka mu matololo. E pa kuyabasansa. Yehova Lesa alyafwilishe abena Israele ukulwisha abena Aradi no kubacimfya nakalya nakalya e lyo no konaula umusumba wabo nangu ca kuti abantu bamo balipuswike.—Impendwa 21:1-3.
Abena Kanaani tabaikete na ku cani, batendeke ukukuula cipya cipya umusumba wabo uwali pa ncende isuma. Ilyo Yoshua afikile pali ilya ncende pa numa ya myaka iinono, ninshi aleya alesansa abena Kanaani mu “calo ca mpili, na Negebu,” ukufumina ku kapinda ka ku kulyo, umulwani umo alolenkene na o ni “mfumu ya Aradi.” (Yoshua 10:40; 12:14) Mu kupita kwa nshita, aba mu lupwa lwa kwa Hobabu umwina Keni, abailundile ku bena Israele no kubafwilisha ilyo bali mu matololo, e baikele muli iyi ncende ya Negebu.—Abapingushi 1:16.
Ifyo Basanga mu fyo Bashula
Ifyo basanga mu Tel Arad filalenga twaishiba ne fyaishilecitika pa numa ifyo Baibolo yalandapo. Ku ca kumwenako, abashula ifintu balisanga ifibumba ifyakuulilwe mu kukonkana. Ifibumba fimo ni filya fyakuulilwe ilyo Imfumu Solomone yaleteeka, pantu yalitemenwe ifya kukuula-kuula. (1 Ishamfumu 9:15-19) Ifibumba fimo basangile mu mushili, fyalangile ukuti pa ncende fyali palipitile umulilo wa kababa kabili batila ifi fibumba fyaliko ku kutampa kwa myaka ya ba 900 B.C.E. Ifi fintu fifwile fyaliko pali ilya nshita Shishaki, Imfumu ya bena Egupti yasanshile abena Israele, imyaka fye isano ukutula apo Solomone afwilile. Mu mushi wa Karnak, uwabela ku kapinda ka ku kulyo aka Egypt, mwaliba icibumba ico bebukishishako uku kucimfya. Pali ici cibumba, balilembapo imisumba bacimfishe, no musumba wa Aradi wine baliubikapo.—2 Imilandu 12:1-4.
Cimbi icacindama ca kuti, pa fipaanga fya nkola nalimo 200 ifyo bashula, paliba ifingi ifyakwata amashina ya ciHebere pamo nga Pashuri, Meremote, na ya bana ba kwa Kora ayasangwa na mu Baibolo. Fimbi fyena paliba ne shina lya kwa Lesa. Ili shina lyalinga ilya kwa Lesa wa maka yonse lyalembwa mu filembo fine ifya ciHebere nge fi יהוה atemwa YHWH. Mu kuya kwa nshita abengi basumine ukuti ukulumbula ishina lya kwa Lesa no kulilemba kusaalula Lesa. Lelo nge fyo ne fintu fimbi filangilila, ifyo baashula mu Tel Arad filanga ukuti kale sana abantu balebomfya ishina lya kwa Lesa pa kuposha na pa kupaala umuntu, tabaletiina iyo. Cimo ico twingamwenako, cipaapaatu apo balemba ati: “Kuli shikulu wandi Elyashibu. Shi Yahwe [Yehova] akusakamane bwino bwino. . . . Aleikala mwi tempele lya kwa Yahwe.”
Nomba natulande pe tempele twacilumbula pa ntendekelo ya lino lyashi. Itempele lyapikana, ilyakwata ne cipailo ca mu nshiku sha baYuda ilyo basangile mu musumba wa Tel Arad, lyalenga abantu ukulatunganya ifintu fyalekanalekana. Ili itempele lyalipalana sana ne lyo Solomone akuliile mu Yerusalemu, nangu ca kutila ilya kwa Solomone lyalikulile sana. Cinshi bakuulile itempele lya mu Aradi kabili ni lilali balikuulile? Bushe balelibomfya kuli finshi? Abashula ifintu na basambilila ilyashi lya kale bonse batunganya fye.
Yehova alipeele abena Israele ifunde lya kuti balesefesha imitebeto yabo iya cila mwaka no kupeela amalambo pe tempele fye ilyali mu Yerusalemu epela. (Amalango 12:5; 2 Imilandu 7:12) Kanshi bapulile fye mu Mafunde ya kwa Lesa pa kukuula itempele mu Aradi. Napamo ici cacitike ilyo abena Israele bashile ukupepa kwa cine no kutendeka ukubomfya ifipailo fimbi e lyo no kukonka intambi sha cisenshi. (Esekiele 6:13) Nga cine cine ili tempele lyali lya bakapepa ba bufi, ninshi lyaonawilwe lintu Hisekia na Yoshia baimishe luulu wa kupwisha ukupepa kwa bufi mu myaka ya ba 600 na 700 B.C.E.—2 Imilandu 31:1; 34:3-5, 33.
Cine cine, ifinono ifyo basanga mwi tauni lya Arad kuti fyatusambilisha ifintu ifyacindama. Pa numa ya myaka iingi, abashula ifintu balisanga ifyapangilwe kale sana ifilanga ukuti ifyo Baibolo yalanda fya cine. Ifi fine fintu filatwafwa no kwishiba ifyo ukupepa kwa bufi kwatendeke ne fyo kwapwile, e lyo kabili filatulanga no kuti abantu kale balebomfya ishina lya kwa Yehova mu mucinshi.
[Mapu ne Cikope pe bula 23]
(Nga mulefwaya ukumona mapu ne cikope, moneni muli magazini)
YERUSALEMU
Bemba Wafwa
Arad
Tel Arad
[Abatusuminishe]
Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.
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Ifyo balemba pa cibumba mu Karnak, ku Egypt
[Abatusuminishe]
Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.
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Apa pali ne filembo ifitila: “Shi Yahwe [Yehova] akusakamane bwino bwino”
[Abatusuminishe]
Photograph © Israel Museum, Jerusalem; courtesy of Israel Antiquities Authority
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Ulubali lumo ulwe tempele lyapikaana ilyali mu Tel Arad
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Ifyo Tel Arad imoneka nga mubelele ku kabanga
[Abatusuminishe Ukubomfya Icikope pe bula 25]
Todd Bolen/Bible Places.com