Kekeli Na Blukɔ Ƒe Ɣeyiɣi Aɖe Wu Enu

YESU KRISTO kple eƒe apostoloawo ŋɔli to vovo na Hebri Ŋɔŋlɔawo ŋlɔɣi sã. Ne Biblia-xlẽlawo menya esia o la, ɖewohĩ woabu be hadomenuwɔwɔ kple mawusubɔsubɔ yi edzi tso nyagblɔɖila Maleaxi dzi vaseɖe Nyanyuiŋlɔla Mateo dzi eye ɖeko woase nusi dzɔ le ƒe 400 siwo tso wo dome la gɔme ɖewoɖewoe.

Maleaxi si nye Hebri Ŋɔŋlɔawo ƒe agbalẽ mamletɔ le egbe Biblia akpa gãtɔ me la wu enu kple Israel-vi susɔeawo gbugbɔgaɖo wo denyigba dzi esime woɖe wo tso aboyo me le Babilon vɔ megbe. (Yeremya 23:3) Wode dzi ƒo na Yudatɔ siwo tsɔ wo ɖokui na la be woakpɔ Mawu ƒe ʋɔnudrɔ̃gbea sinu be wòava ɖe vɔ̃ɖinyenye ɖa le xexeame eye wòahe Mesia ƒe Ɣeyiɣi la vɛ. (Maleaxi 3:19, 20) Persia ye nɔ dzi ɖum ɣemaɣi. Persia-srafo siwo nɔ Yuda kpɔ egbɔ be ŋutifafa li eye wozi fia ƒe sededewo ɖe amewo dzi sesẽtɔe.—Tsɔe sɔ kple Ezra 4:23.

Gake Biblia-nyigbawo metsi matrɔmatrɔ le ƒe alafa ene siwo kplɔe ɖo katã me o. Gbɔgbɔmeviviti kple tɔtɔ te gege ɖe eme. Nuvlowɔwɔ, ŋɔdzidodo, ameteteɖeanyi, mawusubɔsubɔ ƒe susu siwo gbɔ eme, xexemenunyakpakpawo, kple kɔnu tsakatsakawo tɔtɔ Dzieheɣetoɖoƒe Asia kple Anyieheɣedzeƒe Afrika dukɔwo.

Ɣeyiɣi bubu kura mee woŋlɔ Mateo si nye Kristotɔwo ƒe Hela Ŋɔŋlɔawo ƒe agbalẽ gbãtɔ le. Roma-srafowo lé Pax Romana alo Roma Ŋutifafa ɖe te. Mawuvɔ̃lawo lala Mesia ƒe vava vevie be wòava ɖe fukpekpe, ŋutasẽdziɖuɖu, kple hiãkame ɖa, eye wòakɔ susu me na amewo ɖe agbenɔnɔ, nudzedziname, kple dziɖeɖi ŋu. (Tsɔe sɔ kple Luka 1:67-79; 24:21; Timoteo II, 1:10.) Na míalé ŋku ɖe aʋakɔ sesẽ siwo trɔ Yudatɔwo le ƒe alafa siwo do ŋgɔ na Yesu Kristo dzidzi ŋuti nyuie.

Yudatɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ le Persiatɔwo Ŋɔli

Le Kores ƒe gbeɖeɖe si ɖe Yudatɔwo tso Babilon ƒe aboyo me le ƒe 537 D.M.Ŋ. megbe la, Yudatɔwo kple wo xɔlɔ̃ siwo menye Yudatɔwo o ƒe ha aɖe ʋu tso Babilon. Ame susɔe siawo siwo ɖe afɔ le gbɔgbɔ me la trɔ gbɔ va du siwo wotsrɔ̃ kple du zuaƒedowo me. Edomtɔwo, Foeniketɔwo, Samariatɔwo, Arab-towo, kple dukɔ bubuwo xɔ Israel-nyigba si lolo tsã la wòzu sue. Yuda kple Benyamin ƒe akpa si susɔ la va zu Yuda-to le Persia-dziɖuɖunyigba si woyɔ be Abar Nahara (Tɔsisia Godo) la dzi.—Ezra 1:1-4; 2:64, 65.

The Cambridge History of Judaism gblɔ be le Persia-dziɖuɖu te la, Yuda va nɔ “takeke kple dzidziɖedzi ƒe ɣeyiɣi aɖe” me. Egagblɔ le Yerusalem ŋu be: “Agbledelawo kple subɔsubɔtsaɖilawo tsɔ nunanawo vɛ, nuwo va do agbogbo ɖe Gbedoxɔa kple dua me, eye woƒe kesinɔnuwo he dutasitsalawo kple asinudɔwɔlawo.” Togbɔ be Persiatɔwo ɖe mɔ ɖe afima dziɖuɖu kple subɔsubɔ ŋu hã la, adzɔwo lolo eye ga xɔasiwo ko wotsɔ xenɛ.—Tsɔe sɔ kple Nexemya 5:1-5, 15; 9:36, 37; 13:15, 16, 20.

Persia-fiaɖuƒea ƒe ƒe mamleawo me sesẽ ŋutɔ, eye ɣemaɣie dziɖuɖumegãwo dze aglã. Yudatɔ geɖe kpɔ gome le aglãdzenuwɔna si yi edzi le Mediterrania Ƒuta la me eye woɖe wo yi dzigbe gome ke, yi Hyrcania le Caspia-ƒua dzi. Gake edze abe Persiatɔwo mehe to na Yudatɔ akpa gãtɔ o ene.

Helatɔwo Ŋɔli

Alexander Gãtɔ dzo dze Titinaɣedzeƒe dzi le ƒe 332 D.M.Ŋ. me abe lãklẽ ene, gake Hela-dutanuwo dze amewo ŋu hafi wòva ɖu edzi. (Daniel 7:6) Esi wòkpɔ be Hela-kɔnuwo nyo na dunyahehe ta la, eɖoe be yeatrɔ yeƒe fiaɖuƒe si nɔ ta kekem la ɖe Helatɔwo tɔ nu. Hela va zu dukɔwo dome gbegbɔgblɔ. Alexander ƒe dziɖuɣi kpui la do nukpɔsusu totrowo lɔlɔ̃, vividodo ɖe kamedefefewo ŋu, kple ŋudzedzekpɔkpɔ ɖe aɖaŋudɔwo ŋu ɖe ŋgɔ. Ʋeʋeʋe la, Yudatɔwo ƒe kɔnu siwo dome wonyi gɔ̃ hã na ta Helatɔwo tɔ.

Esi Alexander ku le ƒe 323 D.M.Ŋ. megbe la, eteƒexɔla siwo le Aram kple Egipte woe nye ame gbãtɔ siwo xɔ ɖoƒe si nyagblɔɖila Daniel yɔ be “anyiehefia” kple “dziehefia” ƒe teƒewo. (Daniel 11:1-19) Le Egipte ƒe “dziehefia,” Ptolemy II Philadelphus, ƒe dziɖuɣi (ƒe 285-246 D.M.Ŋ.) la, wote Hebri Ŋɔŋlɔawo gɔmeɖeɖe ɖe Koine si nye Helagbe si wodona wu me. Wova yɔ gɔmeɖeɖe sia be Septuagint. Woyɔ nya tso ŋɔŋlɔ sia ƒe kpukpui geɖe me ɖe Kristotɔwo ƒe Hela Ŋɔŋlɔawo me. Helagbe sɔ nyuie na gɔmesese vovovowo me ɖeɖe na xexe si tɔtɔ hedo blukɔ le gbɔgbɔ me la.

Esi Antiochus IV Epiphanes zu Aram-fia kple Palestine-dziɖula (ƒe 175-164 D.M.Ŋ.) megbe la, yometiti si tso dziɖuɖua gbɔ ɖe Yudatɔnyenye ɖa kloe. Wotsɔ ku do ŋɔdzi na Yudatɔwo be woagbe Yehowa Mawu ahasa vɔ na Hela-mawuwo ko. Le December 168 D.M.Ŋ. me la, trɔ̃subɔlawo ɖi vɔsamlekpui aɖe ɖe Yehowa ƒe vɔsamlekpui gã la dzi le Yerusalem-gbedoxɔa me, eye wosa vɔwo le edzi na Olympia-mawu gã Zeus. Kɔƒe me ŋutsu siwo tɔtɔ evɔ dzi le woƒo la bla akpa nɔ Judas Maccabaeus ƒe kpɔkplɔ te ho aʋa sesĩe vaseɖe esime woxɔ Yerusalem. Wogbugbɔ gbedoxɔa ŋu kɔ na Mawu, eye ƒe etɔ̃ tututu le esi wodo gui megbe la, wogadze gbesiagbevɔwo sasa gɔme.

Le Helatɔwo ƒe ɣeyiɣi mamleawo me la, Yudatɔwo tsɔ akpasesẽ di be yewoakeke liƒoa ɖe nu wòaɖo afisi wònɔ tsã. Wozã asrafoŋusẽ yeye si ɖo wo ŋu le mawumavɔ̃mavɔ̃ me heɖe yi ɖe woƒe aƒelika trɔ̃subɔlawo dzi be woatrɔ dzime. Hela-dunyahenufiafia ganɔ dugãwo kple duviwo dzi ɖum kokoko.

Le ɣeyiɣi sia me la, nunɔlagã ƒe ɖoƒea ʋlilawo wɔa nu fitifiti zi geɖe. Tamevɔ̃ɖoɖo, amewuwu yakatsyɔ, kple dunyahehe me nuvlowɔwɔwo ƒo ɖi woƒe ɖoƒe kɔkɔwo. Zi alesi mawumavɔ̃mavɔ̃ ƒe gbɔgbɔ le Yudatɔwo domee la, zi nenemae Hela-kamedefefewo hã de dui. Aleke wòhewɔ nuku enye si be nunɔla ɖekakpuiwo gblẽa woƒe dɔwo ɖi ɖakpɔa gome le kamedefefeawo me! Yudatɔ kamedefefewɔlawo gɔ̃ hã lɔ̃ wowɔ dɔ na wo wose veve vevie bene woazu “aʋamatsomatsotɔwo” ale be ŋukpe malé wo ne woɖe amama le ho ʋlim kple Trɔ̃subɔla o.—Tsɔe sɔ kple Korintotɔwo I, 7:18.

Mawusubɔsubɔ me Tɔtrɔwo

Le aboyo megbe ƒeawo ƒe gɔmedzedze la, Yudatɔ wɔnuteƒewo gbe be yewomatsɔ trɔ̃subɔlawo ƒe susuwo kple xexemenufiafiawo atsaka subɔsubɔ vavã si woɖe fia le Hebri Ŋɔŋlɔawo me o. Zoroaster-ha ƒe nufiafia ɖeka pɛ hã mele Ester ƒe agbalẽ si woŋlɔ esi wode ha kplikplikpli kple Persia ƒe 60 kple vɔ megbe la me o. Hekpe ɖe eŋu la, Persia-subɔsubɔha sia ƒe nufiafia aɖeke medze le Biblia-gbalẽ siwo nye Ezra, Nexemya, alo Maleaxi, siwo katã woŋlɔ le Persiatɔwo ƒe ɣeyiɣia (ƒe 537-443 D.M.Ŋ.) ƒe gɔmedzeɣi la me o.

Gake agbalẽnyalawo xɔe se be le Persiatɔwo ƒe ɣeyiɣia ƒe nuwuɣi la, Yudatɔ geɖe va nɔ Ahura Mazda, Persia-trɔ̃ gã la, subɔlawo ƒe susu aɖewo xɔm. Esia dze le aʋatsodzixɔse siwo bɔ kple Yuda-saɖagahameviwo ƒe nufiafiawo me. Alesi ame geɖe yɔa amegãxiwo, dzogbelã bubuwo, kple zãxewoe le Hebrigbe me la zu gbɔgbɔ vɔ̃wo kple ŋɔli siwo le Babilon kple Persiatɔwo ƒe xotutuwo me na Yudatɔwo.

Yudatɔwo va nɔ trɔ̃subɔlawo ƒe susuwo gɔme sem bubui. Gɔmesese yeyewo nɔ dziƒo, hell, luʋɔ, Nya la (Logos), kple nunya ŋu na wo. Eye ne Mawu le adzɔge ale gbegbe be megaƒoa nu kple amegbetɔwo o abe alesi wofia nui ɣemaɣi ene la, ke ehiã na domenɔlawo. Helatɔwo yɔa gbɔgbɔ domenɔla kple ameŋudzɔla siawo be gbɔgbɔ vɔ̃wo. Esi Yudatɔwo xɔ susu si nye be gbɔgbɔ vɔ̃wo ate ŋu anye nyui alo vɔ̃ ta la, gbɔgbɔ vɔ̃wo te ŋu kpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe wo dzi bɔbɔe.

Tɔtrɔ deŋgɔ aɖe va woƒe subɔsubɔ me. Woɖo ƒuƒoƒewo kabakaba ɖe afisiwo Yudatɔwo ƒe hame siwo le nuto ɖeka me kpea ta le hena subɔsubɔ me hehexɔxɔ kple subɔsubɔdɔwo wɔwɔ. Womenya ɣeyiɣi, teƒe, kple alesi tututu Yudatɔwo ƒe ƒuƒoƒewo dze egɔmee o. Esi ƒuƒoƒewo kpɔa Yudatɔ siwo le didiƒewo ƒe tadeagunuhiahiãwo gbɔ ne womate ŋu ayi gbedoxɔa me o ta la, ame geɖe xɔe se be woƒe aboyomenɔɣi alo aboyo megbe ƒeawo mee woɖo wo. Eɖe dzesi ŋutɔ be wova zu dutakpeƒe nyuiwo na Yesu kple eƒe nusrɔ̃lawo, afisi ‘woɖe gbeƒã Mawu, amesi le amewo yɔm tso viviti me va ye ŋutɔ ƒe nukukekeli gbɔ la ƒe nutsuwɔwɔwo’ le.—Petro I, 2:9.

Habɔbɔ Vovovowo Ge Ðe Yuda-subɔsubɔ Me

Le ƒe alafa evelia D.M.Ŋ. me la, habɔbɔ vovovowo va te dodo. Menye subɔsubɔha bubuwoe wonye o. Ke Yuda subɔsubɔhaŋgɔnɔlawo, xexemenunyalawo, kple dunyahehe ƒe zazɛ̃nyahelawo ƒe habɔbɔ suesuewo siwo di be yewoakpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe ameawo dzi ahaɖu dukɔa dzi lae wonye, wo katã wotra ɖe Yuda-subɔsubɔ me.

Zadukitɔ dunyahelawo nye dziɖula kesinɔtɔ deŋgɔ siwo xɔ ŋkɔ le woƒe nyamedzodzro aɖaŋutɔe me tso Maccabeewo ƒe aglãdzeɣi le ƒe alafa evelia D.M.Ŋ. ƒe titina ke. Woƒe akpa gãtɔ nye nunɔlawo, gake ɖewo hã nye asitsalawo kple anyigbatɔwo. Le Yesu dziɣi la, Zadukitɔ akpa gãtɔ de Roma ƒe Palestine dzi ɖuɖu dzi elabena wobui be eli ke wu eye wòate ŋu ana nɔnɔme si li la matrɔ o. (Tsɔe sɔ kple Yohanes 11:47, 48.) Ame ʋee aɖewo (Herodiatɔwo) xɔe se be Herodes ƒe ƒomea ƒe dziɖuɖu asɔ kple dukɔa ƒe nukpɔsusu wu. Azɔ hã Zadukitɔwo medi be dukɔa nanɔ Yudatɔ zazɛ̃nyahelawo te alo be ame bubu aɖeke nakpɔ gbedoxɔa dzi le mɔ aɖeke nu tsɔ wu nunɔlawo o. Zadukitɔwo ƒe dzixɔsewo nye blemanufiafia siwo me wolé ɖe asi, siwo nɔ te ɖe alesi woɖe Mose ƒe nuŋɔŋlɔwo mee dzi, eye wòɖe woƒe tsitretsitsi ɖe Farisitɔwo ƒe kɔmamã sẽŋua ŋuti fia. (Dɔwɔwɔwo 23:6-8) Zadukitɔwo gbe Hebri Ŋɔŋlɔawo me nyagblɔɖiwo be wonye nususugblɔwo. Wofia nu be Biblia ƒe ŋutinya, hakpanya, kple lododogbalẽwo metso gbɔgbɔ me o eye womele vevie hã o.

Farisitɔwo do le Helatɔwo ŋɔli wònye Yudatɔwo ƒe tsitretsitsi ɖe Helatɔnyenye ŋuti ƒe afɔɖeɖe sesẽ aɖe. Gake le Yesu ƒe ŋkekea me la, woƒe nya dzi va sẽ, woku ɖe dekɔnuwo ŋu, wonye senyahelawo, dadalawo, dzimetrɔnamela ɖokuiŋudzelawo kple nufiala siwo di be woatsɔ ƒuƒoƒe ƒe nufiamewo aɖu dukɔa dzii. Woƒe akpa gãtɔ nye agbalẽnyalawo eye woɖua fewu le ame tsɛwo ŋu. Yesu bu Farisitɔ akpa gãtɔ be wonye ɖokuitɔdilawo, galɔ̃la vivivo siwo nu aʋatsokaka dona le bababa. (Mateo, ta 23) Woxɔ Hebri Ŋɔŋlɔawo katã le woa ŋutɔwo ƒe gɔmeɖeɖewo nu, gake wode asixɔxɔ kɔnyinyi siwo woa ŋutɔwo ɖo ŋu wu alo wotsɔ wo ɖo tasɔsɔ me. Wogblɔ be yewoƒe kɔnyinyiwo nye “kpɔtɔtɔ si le Sea ŋu.” Gake le esi teƒe be woƒe kɔnyinyiwo nanye kpɔtɔtɔ la, woɖi gbɔ Mawu ƒe Nya la eye wotɔtɔ amehawo.—Mateo 23:2-4; Marko 7:1, 9-13.

Yuda-saɖagahameviwo nye vivimenuwɔla siwo edze ƒã be wonɔ saɖaganuto ʋee aɖewo me. Wobu wo ɖokui Israel-me susɔe akuaku siwo le lalam le dzadzɛnyenye me be yewoaxɔ Mesia si ŋugbe wodo la. Yuda-saɖagahameviwo nɔ subɔsubɔ ƒe fuwɔameɖokui ƒe agbe le tamebubu geɖe me, eye woƒe dzixɔse geɖe nye Persiatɔwo kple Helatɔwo ƒe susuwo.

Dulɔ̃la zãzɛnyahelawo ƒe Kɔmamã vovovo geɖe siwo mawusubɔsubɔ ʋã la bua amesiame si de nu Yuda-dukɔ nɔɖokuisi ƒe nya me futɔ vɔ̃ɖii. Wotsɔ wo sɔ kple Maccabeewo eye ɖekakpui tamebula deŋgɔ donutamewo koŋ ye nɔ eme. Esi wokpɔe be adzoblasu amewulawo alo tsitretsiɖeŋulawoe wonye ta la, wotrɔ ɖe nudomegbegblẽ ƒe ayemɔwo ŋu, si wɔe be vɔvɔ̃ nɔ dua ƒe mɔdodowo kple ablɔwo dzi eye wòna dzitsitsi nɔ ŋkeke mawo me vevie.

Le Egipte la, Hela-xexemenunya wɔ dɔ nyuie le Yudatɔ siwo nɔ Alexandria dome. Etso afima kaka de Palestine kple Yudatɔ Tsigbe siwo kaka ɖe gbedzi keŋ la gbɔ. Yuda-nufiala siwo ŋlɔ “Apocrypha” (Ŋɔŋlɔ Ɣaɣlawo) kple “Pseudepigrapha” (Yuda Subɔsubɔgbalẽwo) gblɔ be gɔmesese mele Mose ƒe nuŋɔŋlɔwo ŋu o eye wonye nyakpakpa ŋɔnɔewo.

Kaka Romatɔwo ŋɔli naɖo la, Helatɔnyenye trɔ Palestine ƒe hadomenuwɔwɔ, dunyahehe, kple xexemenunya keŋkeŋ. Yuda-subɔsubɔ si nye Babilon, Persia, kple Helatɔwo ƒe nufiafia tsakatsaka si wotsɔ Ŋɔŋlɔawo me nyateƒe sue aɖe blui la va xɔ ɖe Yudatɔwo ƒe subɔsubɔ si nɔ te ɖe Biblia dzi la teƒe. Gake ne wotsɔ ye katã ƒo ƒu la, Zadukitɔwo, Farisitɔwo, kple Yuda-saɖagahameviwo mede dukɔa ƒe akpa 7 le alafa me o. Yudatɔ gbogbo siwo ƒe “lãme gbɔdzɔ, eye woka hlẽ abe alẽ, siwo kplɔla meli na o la ene” la nɔ ƒuƒoƒo siawo siwo tsi tre ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu ƒe tɔtɔ gã sia me.—Mateo 9:36.

Xexe doblukɔ ma mee Yesu Kristo do ɖo. Eƒe amekpekpe si ŋu kakaɖedzi le la faa akɔ na ame ŋutɔ: “Mite va gbɔnye, mi amesiwo katã le agbagba dzem, eye agba le mia wum la, eye nye la mana dzudzɔ mi.” (Mateo 11:28) Dzidzɔ ka gbegbee nye si wònye be míase wòagblɔ be: “Nyee nye xexeame ƒe kekeli”! (Yohanes 8:12) Eye eƒe ŋugbedodo lédziname sia nye dzidzɔ nyateƒe be: “Amesi ke dzea yonyeme la, mele viviti la me zɔ ge akpɔ o, ke boŋ agbe la ƒe kekeli anɔ esi.”—Yohanes 8:12.

[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 26]

Yesu ɖee fia be Yuda-subɔsubɔhaŋgɔnɔlawo nɔ gbɔgbɔmeviviti me

[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 28]

Gaku si dzi Antiochus IV (Epiphanes) ƒe nɔnɔmetata le

[Afi Si Míexɔ Mɔɖeɖe Tso]

Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.