Bible Edidem N̄wọrọnda N̄kọri ke Ifiọk Ukabade Bible

KE NTỌN̄Ọ NTỌN̄Ọ ọyọhọ isua ikie 16, nsụn̄ikan̄ kiet ama awat osio ke Spain aka ekpri isuo kiet ke Italy. Enye ekemen mbiomo oro ọsọn̄de urua—ediwak ikpan̄wed Bible Complutensian Polyglot emi ẹkemịn̄de ke ufọt isua 1514 ye 1517. Ke mbuari, ọkpọsọn̄ oyobio ama ọwọrọ. Mme awat nsụn̄ikan̄ ẹma ẹsịn ọkpọsọn̄ ukeme ndinam nsụn̄ikan̄ oro okûsịp, edi ukeme mmọ ọkọwọrọ ikpîkpu. Nsụn̄ikan̄ oro ama esịp ye ọsọn̄urua mbiomo oro enye ekemende.

Afanikọn̄ oro ama anam ẹyom obufa nsiondi Bible Polyglot. Ke akpatre, ata emịn̄n̄wed oro Christophe Plantin ama enyịme ndinam ọkpọsọn̄ utom emi. Enye ama oyom imọ owo oro edimade ndinọ okụk ẹda ẹnam akwa utom emi, ntre enye ama obụp Philip II, edidem Spain, m̀mê enye akpama ndinọ okụk ẹda ẹnam utom emi. Mbemiso edidem ekenyịmede, enye ama eneme n̄kpọ emi ye ediwak mme ọfiọkn̄wed mbon Spain, esịnede ọwọrọetop eyen ukpepn̄kpọ Bible oro Benito Arias Montano. Plantin ama ọdọhọ Edidem Philip ete: “Ke ẹsiode afo ndinam n̄kpọ nnọ Abasi ẹfep nnyụn̄ nnam ufọn nnọ Ufọkabasi Roman Catholic, utom emi eyenen̄ede ọnọ enyịn̄ fo ubọn̄ n̄ko O Edidem onyụn̄ anam fi ọwọrọ etop.”

Sia obufa nsiondi Complutensian Polyglot emi edidide n̄wọrọnda n̄wed, Edidem Philip ama enyịme ndinọ utom Plantin ibetedem ofụri esịt. Edidem Philip ama ayak akwa utom edinen̄ede Bible oro ẹkedide ẹdidiọn̄ọ nte Bible Edidem, m̀mê Polyglot Antwerp,a esịn Arias Montano ke ubọk.

Philip ama enen̄ede enyene udọn̄ ke utom oro ẹkenamde ke Bible Polyglot tutu enye ọdọhọ ẹnọ kpukpru page oro ẹmịn̄de man ẹnam edinen̄ede ẹsọk imọ ikot inyụn̄ inam edinen̄ede. Nte ededi, Plantin ikamaha ndinọ mme page emi ẹsọk edidem, koro ayada ini ndimen mmọ nto ke Antwerp nsọk edidem ke Spain okot onyụn̄ anam edinen̄ede, mbemiso ẹfiakde ẹmen ẹnyọn̄ ẹdi Antwerp ẹdimịn̄. Ke ntak emi, ẹkenọ enye sụk mme akpa page oro ẹkemịn̄de ndien eyedi ẹma ẹnọ enye ndusụk n̄kani page n̄ko. Kan̄a ke emi, Montano ama ọtọn̄ọ ata ata utom edikot nnyụn̄ nnen̄ede Bible Polyglot ndien prọfesọ ita ke ufọkn̄wed ntaifiọk Louvain ọkọrọ ye eyen Plantin emi ekedide n̄kaiferi, ẹma ẹnen̄ede ẹn̄wam Montano.

Andima Ikọ Abasi

Ama enem Arias Montano ndinam utom ye mme ọfiọkn̄wed ke Antwerp. Plantin ama enen̄ede ama in̄wan̄-in̄wan̄ usụn̄ unam n̄kpọ Montano, ntre mmọ ẹma ẹkabade ẹdi ufan ẹnyụn̄ ẹnam utom ọtọkiet ke ofụri eyouwem mmọ. Ẹma ẹnen̄ede ẹdiọn̄ọ Montano ke ntak ifiọkn̄wed esie ye ọkpọsọn̄ ima oro enye akamade Ikọ Abasi.b Sia Montano ekedide akparawa, ama enen̄ede ọdọn̄ enye ndikụre n̄wed esie man esịn idem ofụri ofụri ke ndikpep N̄wed Abasi.

Arias Montano ekenịm ke ẹkpenyene ndikabade Bible ke ata ata usụn̄ nte ẹkekeme. Enye ama esịn ukeme ndikabade nnennen nnennen se ẹkewetde ke akpasarade uwetn̄kpọ Hebrew ye Greek, ntem anamde mme owo ẹkeme ndikot Ikọ Abasi oro owo mîsiakke mmọn̄. Montano ama anam n̄kpọ ke n̄kemuyo ye ufiet Erasmus, emi ekesịnde udọn̄ ọnọ nditọ ukpepn̄kpọ “ndikwọrọ Christ ukem nte ẹwetde ke akpasarade uwetn̄kpọ Hebrew ye Greek.” Ke ediwak isua ikie, mme owo ikọfiọkke nnennen n̄kpọ oro okodude ke Ikọ Abasi oro ẹkedade mme akpasarade usem emi ẹwet, koro mme edikabade eke usem Latin ikan̄wan̄ake mmọ.

Nte Ẹketịmde Bible Edidem

Arias Montano ama ọbọ kpukpru n̄kani uwetn̄kpọ oro Alfonso de Zamora eketịmde onyụn̄ enen̄erede ndida mmịn̄ Complutensian Polyglot, onyụn̄ ada etịm Bible Edidem.c

Ke akpa, ẹkeduak Bible Edidem edi udiana nsiondi Complutensian Polyglot, edi enye ama ọdọn̄ọ n̄kpọ akan oro. Ẹkeda uwetn̄kpọ usem Hebrew ye Greek eke edikabade Septuagint ẹto Bible Complutum; ẹma ẹnyụn̄ ẹda mbufa uwetn̄kpọ ẹdisịn ọkọrọ ye ediwak n̄kpọ oro ẹwetde ẹdian. Obufa Polyglot emi ekedi eboho itiaita. Ẹkeda isua ition ẹmịn̄ enye, ọtọn̄ọde ke isua 1568 esịm isua 1572—ata ibio ini ke ikerede iban̄a nte utom oro akawakde n̄kukọhọ. Ke akpatre, ẹma ẹmịn̄ idem 1,213.

Okposụkedi Complutensian Polyglot eke isua 1517 ekedide “n̄kpọ editi ido uwetn̄wed,” obufa Polyglot Antwerp emi ama ọfọn akan Complutensian Polyglot ke nte ẹketịmde ye se ikọdọn̄ọde ke esịt. Nte ẹkemịn̄de enye ekedi ata n̄wọrọnda ke mbụk umịn̄n̄wed, ndien enye ekenen̄ede an̄wam ẹtịm akpan uwetn̄kpọ oro ẹma ẹkenen̄ede ẹsion̄o ndudue, emi mme edikabade Bible eken ẹkọn̄ọde.

Mme Asua Ikọ Abasi Ẹsịn Ntịme

Ikakpaha owo idem ndikụt ke ikebịghike, mbon oro ẹkesuade nnennen edikabade Bible ẹma ẹtọn̄ọ ntịme. Okposụkedi Pope ọkọnọde unyịme ẹsio Polyglot Antwerp, ẹkenyụn̄ ẹdiọn̄ọde Arias Montano nte ọfiọkn̄wed oro ẹkponode, mme andibiọn̄ọ ẹma ẹtie ntiense nsu ẹban̄a enye ke Esopikpe Isio Ukpepn̄kpọ. Mme andibiọn̄ọ ẹkedọhọ ke Bible esie okowụt ke uwetn̄kpọ Santes Pagninus eke usem Latin oro ẹkefiakde ẹnen̄ede ama akabarede akpasarade uwetn̄kpọ usem Hebrew ye Greek enen akan Vulgate, emi ẹkekabarede ediwak isua ikie ke mbemiso. Mmọ ẹma ẹdori Montano ikọ n̄ko ke ntak emi enye akadade mme uwetn̄kpọ akpasarade usem man osio nnennen edikabade Bible—edinam oro mmọ ẹkedade nte edikpep isio ukpepn̄kpọ.

Esopikpe Isio Ukpepn̄kpọ ama akam ọdọhọ ke “ekedi n̄kpọ o-bụt Edidem ndinọ okụk ẹda ẹtịm Bible emi.” Mmọ ẹma ẹyat esịt ke Montano ikọnọhọ Vulgate ukpono oro odotde, nte Bible oro ukara ekenyịmede. Kpa ye mme edori ikọ oro, mmọ ikenyeneke uyarade oro ekemde ndibiom Montano m̀mê Bible Polyglot esie ikpe. Ke akpatre, mme owo ẹma ẹdinen̄ede ẹma Bible Edidem, ndien enye ekedi akpan Bible oro ẹkekamade ke ediwak ufọkn̄wed ntaifiọk.

Eti Un̄wam Ukabade Bible

Okposụkedi owo mîkosioho Polyglot Antwerp inọ ofụri owo, enye ama akabade edi eti n̄kpọutom ọnọ mme akabade Bible. Ukem nte Complutensian Polyglot, Polyglot Antwerp ama an̄wam ẹnen̄ede ẹnyụn̄ ẹsion̄o ndudue ke mme uwetn̄kpọ N̄wed Abasi oro ẹkedude. Enye n̄ko ama an̄wam mme akabade n̄wed ndinen̄ede mfiọk mme akpasarade uwetn̄kpọ. Polyglot Antwerp ama an̄wam ke edikabade Bible nsịn ke ediwak akpan usem Europe. Ke uwụtn̄kpọ, The Cambridge History of the Bible ọdọhọ ke Polyglot Antwerp ama enen̄ede an̄wam mbon oro ẹkekabarede ọwọrọetop King James Version, m̀mê Authorized Version, eke isua 1611 ndikabade mme akpasarade usem. Bible Edidem ama enen̄ede an̄wam n̄ko ke edikabade akpan Bible Polyglot iba emi ẹkesiode ke ọyọhọ isua ikie 17.—Se ekebe oro “Mme Bible Polyglot.”

Kiet ke otu ediwak ufọn oro Polyglot Antwerp enyenede edi ke enye ama anam nditọ ukpepn̄kpọ Europe ẹnyene edikabade N̄wed Abasi Usem Greek ke usem Syriac. Uwetn̄kpọ Syriac okodu ke ufien ke adan̄aemi edikabade usem Latin okodude ke nnasia. Uwetn̄kpọ Syriac oro ẹkemende ẹdisịn mi ama enen̄ede enyene ufọn, koro edikabade Syriac ekedi kiet ke otu mbịghi-n̄kan edikabade N̄wed Abasi Christian Usem Greek. Sia edikabade Syriac ebịghide toto ke ọyọhọ isua ikie ition E.N., enye ọkọkọn̄ọ ke n̄kani uwetn̄kpọ oro okodude toto ke ọyọhọ isua ikie iba E.N. The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia ọdọhọ ke “ẹma ẹnen̄ede ẹfiọk ufọn oro [Syriac] Peshitta enyenede ke ndida ndụn̄ọde nnyụn̄ nnen̄ede mme uwetn̄kpọ. Enye edi kiet ke otu mbịghi-n̄kan ye ata akpan uwetn̄kpọ oro ẹtịn̄de n̄kpọ ẹban̄a ido unam n̄kpọ eset.”

Ọkpọsọn̄ oyobio oro ekesịpde nsụn̄ikan̄ m̀mê ubiọn̄ọ otode Esopikpe Isio Ukpepn̄kpọ Spain ikakpanke edifiak nsio Complutensian Polyglot—oro eketịmde ọfọn onyụn̄ okponde akan—ke isua 1572, emi ẹkekotde Bible Edidem. Mbụk Bible Edidem m̀mê Bible Polyglot Antwerp edi uwụtn̄kpọ en̄wen oro owụtde ukeme oro iren oro ẹnyenede esịt akpanikọ ẹsịnde ndin̄wana nnọ Ikọ Abasi.

Edide mmọ ẹma ẹfiọk m̀mê ikọfiọkke, utom n̄waidem oro iren oro ẹnyenede ifịk mi ẹkenamde owụt nte ntịn̄nnịm ikọ Isaiah edide akpanikọ. Isaiah ekewet ke se ikperede ndisịm isua tọsịn ita emi ẹkebede, ete: “Mbiet amasat, ediye ikọn̄ onyụn̄ akpa: edi ikọ Abasi nnyịn ayada ke nsinsi.”—Isaiah 40:8.

[Mme Ikọ idakisọn̄]

[Se Ẹwetde ke Ikpọ Abisi ke page 13]

“Ikọ Abasi nnyịn ayada ke nsinsi”

[Ekebe/Mme ndise ke page 12]

MME BIBLE POLYGLOT

Ọfiọkn̄wed eyen Spain oro Federico Pérez Castro ọdọhọ ke “Bible Polyglot edi Bible ediwak usem. Nte ido edide, Bible Polyglot edi mme Bible oro ẹwetde Ikọ Abasi ke mme akpasarade usem Hebrew ye Greek. Ke edide ntre, do ibat Bible Polyglot oro ẹwetde ke akpasarade usem emi iwakke.”

1. The Complutensian Polyglot (1514-1517), emi Cardinal Cisneros ọkọnọde okụk ẹda ẹtịm; ẹkenyụn̄ ẹmịn̄ ke Alcalá de Henares ke Spain. Enye edi eboho itiokiet onyụn̄ ọdọn̄ọ uwetn̄kpọ Bible ke usem inan̄: Hebrew, Greek, Aramaic, ye Latin. Enye ekedi akpan uwetn̄kpọ N̄wed Abasi usem Hebrew ye Aramaic oro mme akabade Bible ọyọhọ isua ikie 16 ẹkesidade ẹkabade Bible.

2. The Antwerp Polyglot (1568-1572), emi Benito Arias Montano eketịmde esịne edikabade N̄wed Abasi Christian Usem Greek ke usem Syriac Peshitta ọkọrọ ye edikabade Aramaic Targum eke Jonathan. Ẹma ẹda uwetn̄kpọ Hebrew eke Jacob ben Hayyim ẹnen̄ede uwetn̄kpọ Hebrew oro ẹkedọn̄ọde mme idiọn̄ọ ukot ikọ ye mme enyene-uyo abisi. Ntem, enye ama akabade edi akpan uwetn̄kpọ N̄wed Abasi Usem Hebrew oro mme akabade Bible ẹsidade ẹkabade Bible.

3. The Paris Polyglot (1629-1645), emi Guy Michel le Jay ekpeibet eyen France ọkọnọde okụk ẹda ẹtịm. Polyglot Antwerp akanam ẹsio enye, okposụkedi enye ekesịnede n̄ko ndusụk uwetn̄kpọ mbon Samaria ye eke Arabic.

4. The London Polyglot (1655-1657), emi Brian Walton eketịmde, ọkọkọn̄ọ n̄ko ke Polyglot Antwerp. Polyglot emi ama esịne n̄kani edikabade Bible ke usem Ethiopia ye Persia, okposụkedi mme edikabade emi mîketịmke inam uwetn̄kpọ akpasarade usem Bible ẹn̄wan̄a.

[Mme Ebiet Ẹdade N̄kpọ Ẹto]

Ọfọn̄ etakubom emi ẹwetde n̄kpọ ye mme Polyglot Antwerp (iba ẹdude mi ke isọn̄ isọn̄): Biblioteca Histórica. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Polyglot Antwerp (ke enyọn̄): Ẹbọ ẹto Museum Plantin-Moretus/Stedelijk Prentenkabinet Antwerpen; Polyglot London: Ẹda ẹto n̄wed oro The Walton Polyglot Bible, Eboho III, 1655-1657

[Ndise ke page 9]

Philip II, edidem Spain

[Ebiet Ẹdade N̄kpọ Ẹto]

Philip II: Biblioteca Nacional, Madrid

[Ndise ke page 10]

Arias Montano

[Ebiet Ẹdade N̄kpọ Ẹto]

Montano: Biblioteca Histórica. Universidad Complutense de Madrid

[Ndise ke page 10]

Ata akpa ufọk umịn̄n̄wed ke Antwerp ke Belgium

[Ebiet Ẹdade N̄kpọ Ẹto]

Ukwak umịn̄n̄wed: Ẹbọ ẹto Museum Plantin-Moretus/Stedelijk Prentenkabinet Antwerpen

[Mme ndise ke page 11]

Ufien: Christophe Plantin ye ibuotikọ enyọn̄ n̄wed Polyglot Antwerp

[Ebiet Ẹdade N̄kpọ Ẹto]

Ikpaedem ye Plantin: Ẹbọ ẹto Museum Plantin-Moretus/Stedelijk Prentenkabinet Antwerpen

[Ndise ke page 11]

Enyọn̄ enyọn̄: Exodus ibuot 15 oro ẹwetde ke usem inan̄

[Ebiet Ẹdade Ndise Ẹto ke page 9]

Ikpaedem ye Plantin: Ẹbọ ẹto Museum Plantin-Moretus/Stedelijk Prentenkabinet Antwerpen

[Ebiet Ẹdade Ndise Ẹto ke page 13]

Biblioteca Histórica. Universidad Complutense de Madrid