Namɛi Ji Masoretebii Lɛ?

YEHOWA, “Nyɔŋmɔ anɔkwafo” lɛ, ebaa e-Wiemɔ, Biblia lɛ, yi. (Lala 31:6) Shi, akɛni Satan, anɔkwale henyɛlɔ lɛ ebɔ mɔdɛŋ koni efutu mli ni ekpata hiɛ hewɔ lɛ, te fee tɛŋŋ ni wɔnine shɛ Biblia lɛ nɔ pɛpɛɛpɛ taakɛ aŋma lɛ lɛ?—Kwɛmɔ Mateo 13:39.

Abaanyɛ ana hetoo lɛ fã yɛ Nilelɔ Robert Gordis wiemɔ ko mli: “Hiɛ esɔko Hebri woloŋmalɔi, ni atsɛɔ amɛ masoretebii loo ‘kusum yibaalɔi’ lɛ amɔdɛŋbɔɔ lɛ jogbaŋŋ bɔ ni sa. Nɛkɛ woloŋmalɔi ni bɛ gbɛi nɛɛ kɛ henɔkwɛmɔ jogbaŋŋ kɛ suɔmɔ kwɛ Wolo Krɔŋkrɔŋ lɛ nɔ amɛŋmala ekrokomɛi pɛpɛɛpɛ.” Eyɛ mli akɛ wɔleee niŋmalalɔi nɛɛ ateŋ mɛi ni fa lɛ agbɛi ŋmɛnɛ moŋ, shi aŋma Masoretebii aweku ko gbɛi afɔ shi faŋŋ—Ben Asher. Mɛni wɔle yɛ amɛ kɛ amɛ nanemɛi Masoretebii lɛ ahe?

Ben Asher Weku Lɛ

Woloŋmalɔi Yudafoi ji mɛi ni kwɛ Biblia lɛ fa, ni aŋma yɛ Hebri wiemɔ mli kɛjɛ shishijee, ni afɔɔ lɛ tsɛmɔ akɛ Kpaŋmɔ Momo lɛ nɔ amɛŋmala eko pɛpɛɛpɛ. Atsɛ mɛi ni kwɛɔ woji anɔ amɛŋmalaa lɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ kɛjɛ afii ohai ekpaa kɛbashi afii ohai nyɔŋma Ŋ.B. lɛ mli lɛ akɛ Masoretebii. Mɛni ji amɛ nitsumɔ?

Afii ohai abɔ tee nɔ ni daaŋ-gbɛɛmɔ niŋmaa okadii pɛ akɛŋmalaa Hebri, ni nikanelɔ lɛ kɛ gbeeŋ-gbɛɛmɔ wiemɔi woɔ mli. Shi, beni shɛɔ Masoretebii lɛ abeaŋ lɛ, bɔ ni atsɛɔ Hebri wiemɔi lɛ ahaa diɛŋtsɛ lɛ miilaaje, ejaakɛ Yudafoi pii nyɛɛɛ awie nakai wiemɔ lɛ jogbaŋŋ dɔŋŋ. Masoretebii akui ni yɔɔ Babilon kɛ Israel kɛ niŋmaa okadii ni akɛbaabɔle daaŋ-gbɛɛmɔ niŋmaai lɛ ahe koni etsɔɔ wiemɔ nɔwómɔi kɛ bɔ ni atsɛɔ gbeeŋ-gbɛɛmɔ niŋmaai jogbaŋŋ ahaa ba. Kɛ hoo lɛ, akɛ gbɛjianɔtoi etɛ ni yɔɔ sɔrɔto ba, shi nɔ ni he gbɛi waa ji Masoretebii ni yɔɔ Tiberia, ni yɔɔ Galilea Ŋshɔ lɛ naa, he ni Ben Asher weku lɛ hi lɛ anɔ̃ lɛ.

Woji tsiɔ Masoretebii ayinɔi enumɔ ni jɛ weku ni yɔɔ sɔrɔto nɛɛ mli, ni je shishi kɛjɛ Asher Onukpa lɛ nɔ yɛ afii ohai kpaanyɔ Ŋ.B. lɛ mli lɛ ta. Mɛi krokomɛi lɛ ji Nehemiah Ben Asher, Asher Ben Nehemiah, Moses Ben Asher kɛ naagbee lɛ, Aaron Ben Moses Ben Asher ni hi shi yɛ afii ohai nyɔŋma Ŋ.B. lɛ mli lɛ.a Nɛkɛ hii nɛɛ nyiɛ niŋmaa okadii ni aha eye emuu ni baanyɛ atsɔɔ nɔ ni amɛnuɔ shishi akɛ eji Hebri Biblia ŋmalɛ lɛ tsɛmɔ ni ja fe fɛɛ lɛ hiɛ. Bɔni afee ni okadii nɛɛ aya hiɛ lɛ, esa akɛ amɛle nɔ ni ji Hebri wiemɔ he mla gbɛjianɔtoo lɛ shishitoo nɔ̃. Aŋmalako Hebri wiemɔ he mla he gbɛjianɔtoo ni yɔɔ faŋŋ ashwieko shi. No hewɔ lɛ, mɔ ko baanyɛ akɛɛ akɛ Masoretebii nɛɛ fata klɛŋklɛŋ bii ni to Hebri wiemɔ he mla lɛ he gbɛjianɔ lɛ ahe.

Aaron, ni ji naagbee Masorete ni jɛ Ben Asher weku lɛ mli lɛ ji klɛŋklɛŋ mɔ ni ŋma ni ekwɛ sane nɛɛ mli ejaje lɛ. Efee nakai yɛ wolo ko ni atsɛɔ lɛ “Sefer Dikdukei ha-Te’amim,” klɛŋklɛŋ Hebri wiemɔ he mlai awolo lɛ mli. Nɛkɛ wolo nɛɛ batsɔ nɔ ni Hebri wiemɔ he mlai aŋmalalɔi krokomɛi damɔ nɔ amɛfee woji krokomɛi yɛ afii ohai abɔ ni nyiɛ sɛɛ ba lɛ amli. Shi enɛ ji nɔ ko ni jɛ Masoretebii lɛ anitsumɔ ko ni he hiaa waa lɛ mli ba kɛkɛ. Mɛni ji no?

Ebiɔ Kaimɔ ni Yɔɔ Sɔrɔto

Nɔ ni Masoretebii lɛ susuɔ he waa ji wiemɔ fɛɛ wiemɔ, loo niŋmaa okadii lɛ eko fɛɛ eko ni jɛ Biblia ŋmalɛ lɛ mli lɛ ni amɛaaŋma fɛɛ ni eja pɛpɛɛpɛ. Bɔni afee ni akwɛ ni eŋmaa aja lɛ, Masoretebii lɛ kɛ baafai lɛ anaabui lɛ tsu nii koni amɛkɛŋmala saji ni baatsɔɔ tsakemɔ ni aaanyɛ aba nɔ ni tsutsu niŋmalɔi lɛ ŋma lɛ mli, ni ekolɛ jeee gbɛ aje loo gbɛ aje afee. Masoretebii lɛ kadi wiemɔ sui komɛi ni ekaaa kɛ nɔ ni akɛfata ekomɛi ahe lɛ hu, yɛ naabui amli niŋmaai lɛ amli, ni amɛkadi shii abɔ ni enɛ pue yɛ wolo lɛ mli loo yɛ Hebri Ŋmalɛi lɛ fɛɛ mli. Aŋmala nɔ ni awie nɛɛ yɛ teemɔŋ niŋmaai kukuji amli, akɛni gbɛ ni yɔɔ lɛ faaa hewɔ. Ákɛ gbɛjianɔtoo ni haa akwɛɔ mli ekoŋŋ akɛ fɛɛ ja lo lɛ, amɛkadi wiemɔ ni yɔɔ teŋ lɛ kɛ woji komɛi aniŋmaa okadi. Amɛtee shɔŋŋ po akɛ amɛkane Biblia lɛ mli niŋmaa okadii lɛ fɛɛ, koni amɛkɛma eŋmaa ni ja lɛ nɔ mi.

Masoretebii lɛ ŋmala saji babaoo ni kɔɔ wiemɔi ni afolɔ amɛ kuku yɛ baafa lɛ gbɛ ni ashi yɛ ŋwɛigbɛ kɛ shishigbɛ lɛ amli.b Enɛɛmɛi ye bua yɛ amɛ nitsumɔ ni haa amɛkwɛɔ akɛ eja lɛ amli. Akɛni yibɔ okadi bɛ kukuji lɛ ahe ni woji ni akɛnaa Biblia mli wiemɔi komekomei hu bɛ hewɔ lɛ, mɛɛ gbɛ nɔ Masoretebii lɛ tsɔ amɛwie Biblia lɛ fai krokomɛi ahe ni amɛkɛkwɛ akɛ eja lo? Amɛto kukuji ni kɛ amɛhe yeɔ egbɔ lɛ anaa yɛ ŋwɛigbɛ kɛ shishigbɛ gbɛi ni ashi lɛ amli, koni ekai amɛ hei krokomɛi ni anaa wiemɔ loo wiemɔi ni atsɔɔ lɛ hu yɛ, yɛ Biblia lɛ mli. Akɛni gbɛ pii bɛ hewɔ lɛ, yɛ bei pii amli lɛ, amɛŋmaa wiemɔ titri kome pɛ koni ekai amɛ kuku fɛɛ kuku ni kɛ ekroko yeɔ egbɔ lɛ. Bɔni afee ni nɛkɛ saji ni yɔɔ naabu gbɛ nɛɛ ahe aba sɛɛnamɔ lɛ, esa akɛ mɛi ni kwɛɔ wolo nɔ amɛŋmalaa nɛɛ ale Hebri Biblia muu lɛ fɛɛ yɛ amɛyitsoŋ.

Ajie nibii ni aŋmala ni kɛlɛ tsɔ kɛha naabu gbɛ lɛ kɛtee niŋmaa lɛ naagbee. Akɛ nɔkwɛmɔ nɔ lɛ, anaa Hebri niŋmaa okadii etɛ, קלד yɛ Masoretebii aniŋmaa ni yɔɔ 1 Mose 18:3 lɛ koŋ nɔ gbɛ. Enɛ kɛ Hebri yibɔ okadi 134 yeɔ egbɔ. Yɛ niŋmaa lɛ naagbee lɛ, saji ni ato naa jeɔ kpo ni tsɔɔ hei 134 ni niŋmalalɔi ni tsɔ Masoretebii aniŋmaai ahiɛ lɛ je gbɛ amɛjie Yehowa gbɛi lɛ kɛjɛ Hebri ŋmalɛ lɛ mli, ni amɛkɛ wiemɔ “Nuntsɔ” eto najiaŋ.c Eyɛ mli akɛ Masoretebii lɛ le tsakemɔi nɛɛ moŋ, shi amɛhalaaa akɛ amɛkɛ heyeli baatsake ŋmalɛ ni akɛha amɛ lɛ. Shi moŋ, amɛkadi tsakemɔi nɛɛ yɛ naabu gbɛ niŋmaai lɛ amli. Shi, mɛni hewɔ Masoretebii lɛ kwɛ jogbaŋŋ koni amɛkatsake ŋmalɛ lɛ, yɛ be mli ni niŋmalalɔi ni tsɔ amɛhiɛ lɛ etsake lɛ lɛ? Ani amɛ hemɔkɛyeli akɛ Yudafoi lɛ yɛ sɔrɔto yɛ mɛi ni tsɔ amɛhiɛ lɛ anɔ̃ he?

Mɛni Amɛhe Amɛye?

Yɛ nɛkɛ be ni Masoretebii anilee yaa hiɛ nɛɛ mli lɛ, Yuda jamɔ kɛ ehe ewo susumɔi kɛ tsɔɔmɔi ahe tawuu ni mli wa waa mli. Kɛjɛ Ŋ.B. klɛŋklɛŋ afii oha lɛ mli ni rabifoi a-Yuda jamɔ etee nɔ eha hewalɛ ni enaa lɛ efa. Beni aŋma Talmud lɛ, ni rabifoi lɛ kɛ eshishitsɔɔmɔi ha lɛ, no mli lɛ Biblia ŋmalɛ lɛ miifee nɔ ni baa yɛ rabifoi ashishitsɔɔmɔ ni amɛkɛhaa mla ni akɛ naabu tãa lɛ sɛɛ. No hewɔ lɛ, Biblia ŋmalɛ lɛ ni abaa yi jogbaŋŋ lɛ baanyɛ alaaje bɔ ni ehe hiaa ha lɛ.

Yɛ afii ohai kpaanyɔ lɛ mli lɛ, kuu ko ni ale amɛ akɛ Karaitebii tse atua amɛshi nɛkɛ su nɛɛ. Akɛni amɛma bɔ ni Biblia lɛ kasemɔ yɛ teemɔŋ he hiaa ha nɔ mi hewɔ lɛ, amɛkpoo rabifoi lɛ ahegbɛ kɛ bɔ ni amɛtsɔɔ Talmud lɛ shishi lɛ. Amɛkpɛlɛ Biblia ŋmalɛ lɛ pɛ nɔ akɛ amɛ hegbɛ. Enɛ ha bɔ ni ehe hiaa akɛ aaatsɔɔ ŋmalɛ lɛ shishi yɛ gbɛ ni ja nɔ lɛ tee hiɛ, ni eha Masoretebii anikasemɔi na hewalɛ hee.

Rabifoi loo Karaitebii ahemɔkɛyeli na Masoretebii lɛ nɔ hewalɛ kɛyashɛ nɛgbɛ? M. H. Goshen-Gottstein, ni le Hebri Biblia ni akɛ niji ŋmala lɛ jogbaŋŋ lɛ kɛɔ akɛ: “Masoretebii lɛ he ye . . . akɛ amɛmiibu blema kusum ko he, ni kɛha amɛ lɛ, gbɛ ni amɛaaje amɛta he lɛ baanyɛ afee efɔŋ ni ehiii kwraa ni amɛaafee.”

Masoretebii lɛ bu Biblia ŋmalɛ lɛ ni amɛaakwɛ nɔ amɛŋma lɛ jogbaŋŋ lɛ akɛ nitsumɔ krɔŋkrɔŋ. Eyɛ mli akɛ ekolɛ jamɔ mli nibii krokomɛi kanya amɛ waa moŋ, shi etamɔ nɔ ni Masoretebii lɛ anitsumɔ lɛ diɛŋtsɛ fe tsɔɔmɔi komɛi ahe saji. Afã gbɛ niŋmalamɔi kukuji ni ashi lɛ diɛŋtsɛ eŋmɛɛɛ gbɛ ni atee jamɔ he naataomɔ shi. Biblia mli ŋmalɛ lɛ diɛŋtsɛ ji nii ni amɛsusuɔ he yɛ amɛ shihilɛ mli; amɛtaŋ he.

Amɛ Nitsumɔ lɛ He Sɛɛ ni Wɔɔna

Eyɛ mli akɛ heloonaa Israel jeee Nyɔŋmɔ maŋ ni ehala dɔŋŋ moŋ, shi nɛkɛ Yudafoi ni kwɛɔ woji anɔ amɛŋmalaa eko nɛɛ ejɔɔ amɛhe nɔ kwraa amɛha Nyɔŋmɔ Wiemɔ lɛ yibaamɔ pɛpɛɛpɛ. (Mateo 21:42-44; 23:37, 38) Robert Gordis emua mɔdɛŋ ni Ben Asher weku lɛ kɛ Masoretebii krokomɛi lɛ bɔ lɛ naa, eŋma akɛ: “Nakai nitsulɔi heshibalɔi, shi kɛlɛ anyɛɛɛ aye amɛnɔ lɛ . . . tsu amɛ nitsumɔ ni wa waa, ni ji Biblia Ŋmalɛ lɛ ni amɛbu he kɛjɛ laajemɔ loo tsakemɔ he lɛ ni mɛi enaaa.” (The Biblical Text in the Making) Nɔ ni jɛ mli ba ji akɛ, beni afii ohai 16 lɛ mli Jamɔ Tsakelɔi tamɔ Luther kɛ Tyndale tse sɔlemɔ lɛ nɔyeli-hegbɛ hiɛ atua ni amɛje shishi amɛtsɔɔ Biblia lɛ shishi kɛtee wiemɔi foji ni mɛi fɛɛ baanyɛ akane mli lɛ, no mli lɛ amɛyɛ Hebri ŋmalɛ ni abaa yi jogbaŋŋ ni amɛkɛbaatsu nii akɛ amɛ nitsumɔ lɛ nɔdaamɔ nɔ.

Masoretebii lɛ anitsumɔ lɛ yaa nɔ efeɔ sɛɛnamɔ kɛhaa wɔ ŋmɛnɛ. Amɛ Hebri ŋmalɛi lɛ feɔ nɔdaamɔ nɔ kɛhaa New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures lɛ Hebri Ŋmalɛi lɛ. Ayaa nɔ atsɔɔ shishitsɔɔmɔ nɛɛ shishi kɛyaa wiemɔi pii amli yɛ nakai henɔjɔɔmɔ mumɔ kɛ ejalɛ he susumɔ ni blema Masoretebii lɛ jie lɛ kpo lɛ nɔŋŋ mli. Wɔɔfee jogbaŋŋ akɛ wɔɔjie mumɔ ni tamɔ nɛkɛ nɔŋŋ kpo yɛ Yehowa Nyɔŋmɔ Wiemɔ lɛ ni wɔɔfee toiboo wɔha lɛ he.—2 Petro 1:19.

[Shishigbɛ niŋmai]

[Akrabatsa/Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 28]

Gbɛjianɔtoo Kɛha Hebri Wiemɔ-tsɛmɔ

BƆ NI ataoɔ gbɛ ni hi fe fɛɛ ni aaatsɔ nɔ aŋmala gbeeŋ-gbɛɛmɔ wiemɔi ahe okadii kɛ wiemɔ nɔwomɔ kadimɔ nii ashwie shi lɛ tee nɔ afii ohai abɔ yɛ Masoretebii lɛ ateŋ. No hewɔ lɛ, ebɛ naakpɛɛ akɛ aaana ni aaha eeya hiɛ yɛ Ben Asher weku lɛ yinɔ fɛɛ yinɔ mli. Nɔ ni yɔɔ ni akɛ niji ŋmala lɛ su kɛ gbɛ ni atsɔ nɔ aŋmala lɛ tsɔɔ akɛ eji naagbee Masoretebii enyɔ ni jɛ Ben Asher weku lɛ mli, ni ji Moses kɛ Aaron nɔ̃.d Nɔ ni akɛ niji ŋmala ni akɛtoɔ he akaseɔ he nii lɛ tsɔɔ akɛ, Aaron kɛ gbɛi-tsɛmɔ he saji bibii komɛi ahe mlai kɛ kadimɔ nii baa ni esoro no yɛ etsɛ, Moses, nɔ̃ he.

Ben Naphtali kɛ Aaron Ben Asher hi shi yɛ be kome mli. Shishitsɔɔmɔi pii yɛ Moses Ben Asher Cairo Codex lɛ mli ni akɛɛ Ben Naphtali ŋma. No hewɔ lɛ, ekolɛ Ben Naphtali diɛŋtsɛ kase nii yɛ Moses Ben Asher shishi, loo amɛyi enyɔ lɛ fɛɛ baa blema kusum ko ni ehe shi waa yi. Woloŋlelɔi pii wieɔ sɔrɔto-feemɔi ni yɔɔ Ben Asher kɛ Ben Naphtali gbɛjianɔtoi lɛ amli lɛ ahe, shi M. H. Goshen-Gottstein ŋma akɛ: “Ebaafee nɔ ni kɛ anɔkwale teŋ jɛkɛɛɛ akɛ aaawie gbɛjianɔtoi bibii enyɔ ni yɔɔ Ben Asher weku lɛ mli lɛ ahe, ni atsɛ nikanemɔi lɛ amli sɔrɔto-feemɔi lɛ akɛ: Ben Asher kɛ Ben Asher akaŋshii.” No hewɔ lɛ, efeŋ nɔ ni ja akɛ aaawie Ben Asher nifeemɔ-gbɛ kome he. Jeee bɔ ni Aaron Ben Asher nifeemɔ-gbɛ lɛ hi fe fɛɛ hewɔ ebafee nɔ ni yɛ naagbee lɛ akpɛlɛ nɔ kwraa lɛ. Bɔ ni afii ohai 12 lɛ mli Talmud he nilelɔ Moses Maimonides jie Aaron Ben Asher ŋmalɛ lɛ eko yi lɛ hewɔ ni ebafee nɔ ni asumɔɔ klɛŋklɛŋ lɛ.

[Artwork​—⁠Hebrew characters]

Mose Wolo ni Ji Enyɔ 6:2 fã, ni gbeeŋ-gbɛɛmɔ yɔɔ mli ni eko hu bɛ mli kɛ gbee nɔwomɔ kɛ eshibaa kadimɔ nii

[Shishigbɛ niŋmai]

[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 26]

Tiberia, Masoretebii ashihemɔ kɛ nifeemɔ he kɛjɛ afii ohai kpaanyɔ kɛbashi ohai nyɔŋma lɛ amli

[He ni Sane lɛ Jɛ]

Pictoria Archive (Near Estern History) Est.