Alunguludi Ayadi Avutukisa o Dijina Dya Nzambi mu Kikutu Kyobhe

O musambu wadyanga wene mudilonga athu avulu, o Musamba wa Tata, yalongo Jezú ku akayedi’ê. O musambu yú tutena ku usanga mu Kikutu Kyobhe. Kudimatekenu o musambu yú wamba kiki: “Tat’etu wene mu dyulu dijina dyé adizelese [mba, adixile kála dijina dikôla].” (Matesu 6:9) O dijina dya Nzambi, mu Kingileji adixana “Jihova” mba sayi bhabha dimoneka “Yahweh,” maji o dijina didi kubhonza ku disanga mu madivulu a Kikutu Kyobhe olungulule mu Kingileji. Mu madivulu yá, tusangamu majina a jinzambi ja makutu, kala: Zeus, Hermes, ni Artemis. O kwila katokalele kutumbula o dijina dya Nzambi ya kidi, o muthu Wavu o Bibidya?—Ikalakalu 14:12; 19:35; 2 Timote 3:16.

O alunguludi akwa Inglaterra, Lancelot Shadwell ni Frederick Parker axikinine kwila o dijina dya Nzambi atokalele kudivutukisa mu mikanda ya Kikutu Kyobe. Mukonda dyahi twamuzwela “kuvutukisa”? Mukonda ene axikinine kwila o dijina m’ukulu kwene ku dya kexile, maji kupholo adikatula. Kyebhi ene kyeza mukukala ni kibanzelu kiki?

Shadwell ni Parker ejidile kwila kwexile mikanda exile mu ixana Kikutu Kyokulu, a isonekene mu dimi dya Hebalayiku, mwala o dijina dya Nzambi mu jimidi ni jimidi ja jiveji. Ene exile mudibhwidisa se mukonda dyahi mu mikanda ya Kikutu Kyobhe ya kexile nayu, ki mwexile o dijina dya Nzambi.a Ku mbandu yamukwa, Shadwell wamono we kwila, kyoso o mikanda ya Kikutu Kyobhe ki itumbula izwelu ya Kikutu Kyokulu kala “o anju ya Jihova,” o asoneki a mikanda ya Kikutu Kyobhe mu Ngeleku, nange abhinganesa o dijina dya Nzambi ni dijina kala Kyʹrios, dilombolola “Ngana.”—2 Jisobha 1:3, 15; Ikalakalu 12:23.

Né mwene kyoso Shadwell ni Parker kyazubha kusoneka o bibidya yâ mu Kingileji, sayi athu amukwa, avutukisa we o dijina dya Nzambi mu mikanda yâ ya Kikutu Kyobhe mu Kingileji, maji mu ididi yofele ngó.b Kudimatekenu dya muvu wa 1863, kyoso Parker kyazubha kusoneka o bibidya Tradução Literal do Novo Testamento, ki kwexile mulunguludi a mwijidila kwila wavutukisa o dijina dya Nzambi mu veji javulu mu mikanda ya Kikutu Kyobhe. Ananyi exile Lancelot Shadwell ni Frederick Parker?

Lancelot Shadwell

Lancelot Shadwell (1808-1861) wexile muzokedi, mona a Ngana Lancelot Shadwell, wexile o kisengele kya kayadi kya ixi ya Inglaterra. O mona watokalele mu Ngeleja ya Inglaterra. Mwene waxikinine mu milongi ya Tilindade, mwene walondekesa kuxila mu dijina dya Nzambi, mukwamba: “o dijina dikôla dya JIHOVA.” Mu madivulu a Matesu ni Máluku asoneka mwene, mwene watumbula o dijina “Jihova” mu 28 ajiveji ni 465 mu jinota.

Nange Shadwell wadilongo o dijina dya Nzambi mu kutala mu mikanda ya Kikutu Kyokulu mu dimi dya Hebalayiku. Mwene wambe kwila o yó abhinganesa o dijina dya Nzambi ya ate o dijina Kyʹrios mu mikanda ya Kikutu Kyokulu mu Ngeleku, “exile alunguludi a makutu.”

O divulu dya Matesu ni jinota mu Kingileji, dyasoneka L. Shadwell (ku muvu wa 1859), yatundu mu jibiblioteka Bodleianas. Disesa CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 Reino Unido. Yolungulule: Izwelu yofwamese dingi

Mu madivulu asoneka mwene, Shadwell watumbula o dijina “Jihova” mu veji ya dyanga mu divulu dya Matesu 1:20. Mu nota ya velusu yiyi, mwene wambe: “O kizwelu [Kyʹrios] kyala bhabha, ni mu ididi yavulu yamukwa, kilombolola JIHOVA, didi dyene o dijina dya Nzambi. Kima kyambote kuvutukisa o dijina didi, mu mikanda ya Kingileji.” Mwene wambe we: “Kyéne kyamesena Nzambi. Mwene wa di ijidisa mu dijina JIHOVA, twatokala kutumbula o dijina didi kyoso kituzwela ni mwene.” Mukusuluka wambe dingi: “Mu madivulu azwela yalungu ni mwenyu wa Jezú, mu bibidya [Autorizada mba Versão Rei Jaime], o dijina JIHOVA ki dimoneka lwavulu . . . Muveji dya kumoneka o dijina dya Nzambi, kumoneka o dijina dya ujitu, “O Ngana.” Shadwell wambe: O dijina “Ngana . . . ki dyatokala kubhinganesa” o dijina dya Nzambi, wambe we kwila, mwene ene mu mwixana we “Ngana” kubhata dyê mba ku ixi yê.

Shadwell wazubha kulungulula o divulu dya Matesu, ku muvu wa 1859 ni versão combinada ya divulu dya Matesu ni Máluku ku muvu wa 1861. Maji kupholo o kikalakalu kyê kya suku. Mwene wafu mu kizuwa kya 11 ya mbeji ya Katatu ka muvu wa 1861, ni 52 a muvu. Kyenyiki o nguzu yê yoso ki yexile yakingoho.

Frederick Parker

Maji o kikalakalu kyakulungulula kya Shadwell, kya divulu dya Matesu, yabhangesa mvwama mukwa wengi amwixana Frederick Parker kudiwana (1804-1888), wamateka kulungulula o Kikutu Kyobhe kyoso kya kexile ni 20 amivu. Mwene kadifwile ni Shadwell, Parker waditunu o milongi ya Tilindade. Mwene wasoneka: “[O Ngeleja yoso ya mona wa kazola wa [Nzambi] . . . itena kuxikina o kidi ni muxima woso . . . ni kubheza we o Muteni wa Yoso, Jihova.” Parker wamono we kwila o mikanda ya Kikutu Kyobhe itumbula o kizwelu Kyʹrios phala kuzwela Ngana Nzambi ni Ngana Jezú, ki kikwatekesa kutungula kiyadi kyâ, kwila kadifu. Maji mwene wexile mudibhwidisa se mukonda dyahi sayi jivelusu Shadwell wasoneka Kyʹrios muveji dya kusoneka “Jihova.”

Kyebhi Parker kyeza mutendela o maka enyá? Mwene wadilongo o dimi dya Ngeleku, wasoneka madivulu avulu ni tumikanda mu Ngeleku. Mwene wabhange we mbandu ya Instituto Anglo-Biblical, yexile mutokwesa mu mikanda yokulukulu ya Bibidya, phala kubhanga Jibibidya jabetakota mu Kingileji. Ku muvu wa 1842, Parker wamateka kulondekesa o bibidya yê ya Kikutu Kyobhe mu jimbandu javulu ni edisá yavulu.c

O Nguzu Yabhange Parker Phala Kuvutukisa o Dijina Dya Nzambi mu Bibidya

Mu mivu yavulu, Parker wadibhange ibhwidisu yavulu kala: “Mu ithangana yebhi o kizwelu Kyʹrios kyalungu ni Ngana Jezú ni mu ithangana yebhi kyalungu ni Ngana Nzambi?” “Mukonda dyahi Kyʹrios akitumbula jinga kala dijina, muveji dya kukitumbula kala dijina dya ujitu?”

Kyoso Parker kyamono o divulu dya Matesu dya soneka Shadwell ku muvu wa 1859, ni kumona we o izwelu yexile mu nota ya kizwelu Kyʹrios, mwene waxikina kwila sayi ididi o kizwelu, Kyʹrios “atokalele ku kilungulula Jihova.” Mukiki mwene wabhitulula kusoneka o mikanda ya Kikutu Kyobhe phala kuvutukisa o dijina dya “Jihova,” mu ididi yaxikinine mwene kwila o mikanda ni Ngalamatika mu Ngeleku yamulondekesa o kima kiki. Mukonda dya kiki, mu divulu dya dyanga dya Parker, o Tradução Literal do Novo Testamento ya muvu wa 1863, mwala o dijina dya Nzambi mu 187 a jiveji. Katé bhabha twejiya kwila, didi dyene o bibidya ya dyanga mu kingileji yatumbula o dijina dya Nzambi mu Mikanda yoso ya Ngeleku.d

Ku Muvu wa 1864, Parker walondekesa we o divulu Um agrupamento de uma versão em inglês do Novo Testamento . . . Com a versão em inglês autorizada. O kima kyamubhangesa kubunda o madivulu ayadi phala kukala ngo divulu dimoxi, o kulondekesa ku athu kyebhi o madivulu ayadi, ki yadifwile.e

Phala kulondekesa o valolo ya kuvutukisa o dijina dya Nzambi, Parker watumbula jivelusu javulu ja bibidya Versão Rei Jaime, kala Loma 10:13, yamba: “Mukonda woso udikola mu dijina dya Ngana wanda bhuluka.” Parker wadibhwidisa: “[O kwila sayi muthu waxinganekene kya kwila o izwelu mu bibidya Versão Rei Jaime mu Kingileji mu jivelusu jiji yamuzwela yalungu ni Jihova, ki yamuzwela yalungu ni Mona, Jezú Kidistu Ngana yetu”?

Parker wangastala jimidi ni jimidi ja jilibra—m’ukulu jexile kitadi kyavulu—phala kubhanga madivulu, tumikanda, jijurnale ni mikanda yengi. Mu kidi mu muvu umoxi ngo, mwene wangastala 800 dya jilibras, mu izuwa yetu kyasoko ni 100.000 ya jilibra ja Inglaterra, mba ($132,000 ya jidolale, kifwa 66.408.540 a jikwanza). Mwene watumikisa we jikopya ja madivulu avulu ku athu amwijidile ni atwameni a jingeleja phala kwatonginina.

O mikanda ya Parker ni madivulu a Kikutu Kyobhe alungulula mwene, ka ibhange yavulu, ni kwila a isebhulula ku akwa kutokwesa. Mu kubhanga kiki, ene ka bhana valolo mu nguzu yabhange Parker ni Shadwell ni athu amukwa, ya kuvutukisa dingi o dijina dya Nzambi mu mikanda ya Kikutu Kyobhe mu Kingileji.

Eye wanda wabhela kumona we o vidyu yala ni dikwinyi dya ithangana ni dyambu: Visitas aos Museus de Warwick: “A Bíblia e o Nome Divino.”