Nanchi “Mambo Awama a kwa Yudasa” o a Ka?

MU April 2006, mu mapepala a byambo bya ntanda yonse, mwajinga jishimikila ja kuba’mba jibumba ja bashayuka jibena kusampanya bintu byakatataka byo bataine mu mabuku akala bitelwa’mba, “Mambo Awama a kwa Yudasa.” Bino bibaba byaambilenga’mba bashayuka babena kwiumvwa kuba’mba ano mabuku etulengela kupimpula ndangulukilo yetu pe Yudasa, mwana wa bwanga wasolwele Yesu. Ñambilo yabo imwesha kuba’mba Yudasa wajinga kilobo, mutumwa wayukishe Yesu, kabiji bamba’mba wasolwele Yesu mambo Yesu mwine ye wamwambijile’mba a musolole.

Nanchi bino byambo bya kala bya kine nyi? Umvwe bya kine, nanchi byasolola byabujile kuyukanyikwa pe Yudasa Isakaliota, Yesu Kilishitu nangwa pa bena Kilishitu batanshi nyi? Nanchi byakunza byo tumona Kilishitu ne mafunjisho anji nyi?

BATAINE “MAMBO AWAMA A KWA YUDASA”

“Mambo Awama a kwa Yudasa” kechi twayuka kobeataine nangwa wiataine ne. Twayukatu kuba’mba batendekele kwibipotesha kumpelo ya ma 1970 nangwa kuntendekelo ya ma 1980. Kyamweka beataine mu Ijipita mu mwaka wa 1978 mu kilende kya kala, mukachi mu jiyengo. Ano ajinga pa mabuku ana a kala apusene na mabuku anembelwe mu mulaka wa bena Ijipita wa Coptic.

Ano mabuku byo beafumishe mu Ijipita mo baelamijile pa myaka yavula mwabujile mufunte, ko beatwajile biseba byatendekele konaika. Mu 1983, bashayuka bamo beba mweshesheko pacheche ano mabuku, pano bino ajinga bingi na mutengo kabiji kechi bakonsheshe kwiapota ne. Byo papichile myaka yavula aonaikile mambo beasujile kabiji kechi kwajinga mwa kwialamina bulongo ne. Mu mwaka wa 2000, musulu mwina Switzerland ulama bya kala wamupotele. Mu kuya kwa kimye, uno musulu wamupaine uno buku ku jibumba ja bashayuka ja Foundation for Ancient Art ne ja National Geographic Society. Bano bebapele mwingilo wa kumunembulula ne kumulenga jibiji, mapa amo asusaukile bingi. Jino jibumba ja monanga ne pa kubanda kwa uno buku, kutuntulula ne kwalula byambo bijimo.

Bapesa bya kupesapesa baswile kuba’mba ano mabuku kyamweka atendekele kunembwa mu ma 200 nangwa mu 300 C.E. Pano bino, bashayuka baambile’mba mabuku a “Mambo awama a kwa Yudasa” beatuntulwile kufuma mu Kingiliki kine kitanshi. Ñanyi kimye kine kabiji bintu byajinga byepi kimye kyo banembejilemo “Mambo awama a kwa Yudasa”?

“MAMBO AWAMA A KWA YUDASA”—KE MABUKU A BATEMWAMAANA

Byambo bitanshi bya kuba’mba “Mambo Awama a kwa Yudasa” bitanwa mu byanembele Irenaeus, witelanga’mba nembi mwina Kilishitu, wajingako ku mpelo ya kitota kya bubiji. Mu buku ye batelanga’mba Against Heresies, Irenaeus wanembele pa mafunjisho o alengulwile a jibumba jimo ja pa o a mabumba amba: “Bamba kuba’mba Yudasa wasolwele Yesu wayukile bingi bulongo bino bintu, kabiji amba ye yenkatu wayukile bukine pa bonse, wafikizhe kyafyamika kya kusolola Yesu. Bintu byonse bya pano pa ntanda ne mwiulu, byavulañene kupichila mwi aye. Banemba bya bubela byo batela’mba, Mambo awama a kwa Yudasa.”

Irenaeus wibikangako bingi kukana mafunjisho apusanapusana a bena Kilishitu Bantemwamaana, bemonanga’mba bayuka bintu byavula byafyamika. Kyambo kya kuba’mba Butemwamaana kilumbulula mabumba avula, bonse bapusana pusana ñumvwino ne ndumbulwilo ya “bukine” bwa bwina Kilishitu. Mabumba a Bantemwamaana atundaikanga bingi mafunjisho abo, kabiji jibumba jonse jajinga na byambo byajo byasampukile ne pa katele mu myaka kitota kya bubiji.

Ano mambo awama a Bantemwamaana amba kuba’mba batumwa ba kwa Yesu kechi baumvwishishe byambo byanji ne, kabiji kuji mafunjisho afyamika afunjishenga Yesu ayukiletu batumwa bacheche.a Bantemwamaana bamo baitabijile’mba ino ntanda kajinga kaleya, bwikalo bwa bafwa bwa mu bumupashi bwawama. Onkao mambo, “lesa mulenga’ wa mu Binembelo bya Kihebelu wajinga mucheche pa kumwesakanya ku balesa bapusana pusana bo baitabijilemo. Baitabijile kuba’mba muntu uji na “maana” a kuyuka bintu ye wakonshatu kuyuka kino “kyafyamika” ne kuchinuzhuka bya mubiji.

Ano mafunjisho po paimena buku wa “Mambo Awama a kwa Yudasa.” Atendeka na byambo bya kuba’mba: “Byambo byafyamika byaambile Yesu kimye kyo esambilenga ne Yudasa Isakaliota, mu moba atanu na asatu, byo kwashajile moba asatu saka akyangye kwikala na “Kijiilo kya Lupitailo.”

Nanchi uno buku ye anembelepo ne Irenaeus, waelekele pa myaka yavula nyi? Marvin Meyer, wa mu kabungwe kapesapesa ne kutuntulula ano mabuku, waambile’mba, “byambo bicheche byaambile Irenaeus byailamo bingi na biji mu mabuku a mu mulaka wa Coptic ajiko lelo jino atelwa’mba Mambo Awama a kwa Yudasa.”

BASHAYUKA BAZHINAUKA BYANEMBWA PE YUDASA MU ANO MAMBO AWAMA

Mu “Mambo Awama a kwa Yudasa,” Yesu bamwambapo’mba wasekanga baana banji ba bwanga inge bakankalwa kuyuka bintu. Bino pa batumwa 12, Yudasa ye yenkatu wamuyukile Yesu bulongo. O ene mambo Yesu o amubujilanga “byafyamika bya bufumu.”

Kimye kitanshi jino jibumba ja bashayuka kyo jalengelenga jibiji uno buku bavwangilemo byavula byanembele Irenaeus pa mambo awama a kwa Yudasa. Mu ntuntulwilo yabo, Yudasa bamwambapo amba bamutemenwe bingi kwi Yesu kabiji amba ye mutumwa wafwainwe kumvwisha byafyamika ne “kutwela” mu “bufumu.” Nangwa kya kuba batumwa bapingizhepo mukwabo pe Yudasa, Yudasa ye wafwainwe kwikala pa kifulo kikatampe kukila batumwa bakwabo mambo wakwashishe Yesu kusha mubiji wanji.

Banembi bavula nabiji Bart Ehrman ne Elaine Pagels bashayuka bayukanyikwa ba mu bena Kilishitu batanshi ne mu Buntemwamaana, basampenye bukiji bukiji byo bataine ne byo banembele pa “Mambo Awama a kwa Yudasa” bipashishe bingi na ntuntulwilo ya jibumba jitanshi. Nangwa byonkabyo, palutwe kacheche bashayuka bakwabo nabiji April DeConick ne Birger Pearson batendekele kutako muchima. Baambile kuba’mba mwafwainwe kumvwangwa bavula bamapepala a byambo, kabungwe ka National Geographic Society kajile kabakubaku pa kusampanya ano mabuku a kala bukiji. April DeConick ne Birger Pearson baakaminwe kuba’mba basampenye mabuku pa kuba’mba ba mapepala a byambo bateko muchima. Kabiji baambilenga kuba’mba kechi balondejile jishinda jawama ja kusampanyinyamo mabuku ne.

Byo baingijilenga bunke bunke, DeConick ne Pearson baambile kuba’mba bibaba bine bikatampe bya ano mabuku kechi bebituntulwile bulongo ku bashayuka mu jibumba jitanshi ne. Mu bibaba byatuntulwile DeConick, Yudasa bamutela kwi Yesu amba “Ndemona wa bujikumi na busatu,” kechi amba “mupashi wa bujikumi na busatu” ne.b Kabiji Yesu wamwambijile patoka Yudasa amba kechi ukatwela mu “bufumu” ne. Mu kifulo kya kukila baana ba bwanga bakwabo, Yudasa bakamukambula na mambo a kwipaya Yesu. Mu mweno ya kwa DeConick, banembi ba “Mambo Awama a kwa Yudasa” ke Bantemwamaana baendelekelenga batumwa bonse. DeConick ne Pearson baambile byambo bya kupezhako bya kuba’mba mu ano “Mambo Awama a kwa Yudasa,” Yudasa kechi bamwambapo’mba kilobo ne.

TWAKONSHA KUFUNJILAKO KA KU “MAMBO AWAMA A KWA YUDASA”?

Bashayuka nangwa bamwenenga Yudasa mwina ano mambo awama amba kilobo nangwa’mba ndemona, kafwako shayuka nangwa umo wapesele bino bibaba wataine kuba’mba muji mashimikila a kine ne. Bart Ehrman walumbulwile’mba: “Yudasa kechi ye wanembele ano Mambo Awama ne, nangwa boba bemonanga’mba. . . . Kabiji ano Mambo Awama kechi anembelwe mu moba a kwa Yudasa na muntu wamuyukile ne . . . Onkao mambo kechi buku wakonsha kwitubula bintu bikwabo byamwekele mu bwikalo bwa kwa Yesu ne.”

“Mambo awama a kwa Yudasa” ke byambo bya bantemwamaana byatendekele kunembwa mu Kingiliki mu myaka kitota kitanshi. Ne luno bashayuka kechi bayuka inge ano “Mambo Awama a kwa Yudasa” o bataine epasha na bibaba byaambilepo Irenaeus ne. Pano bino “Mambo Awama a kwa Yudasa” amwesha kuba’mba kwajinga kimye kimo bwina Kilishitu po bwazhiile, po kwabukile tumabumba twavula twikyombeshanga twafunjishanga mafunjisho a bubela. Mu kifulo kya kunyanchijila Binembelo, “Mambo Awama a kwa Yudasa” amwesha’mba lujimuno lwa batumwa lwajinga lwa kine nabiji lo lwa luji mu Byubilo 20:29, 30 lwaamba’mba: “Nayuka namba byo nkafumako . . . mukachi kenu mukafuma bantu bakafunjishanga mafunjisho aluwankana kukeba kongola baana ba bwanga amba bebalondelenga.”

[Tubyambo twa mushi]

[Kipikichala pa peja 13]

Kipikichala kibena kumwesha Yudasa ubena kusolola Yesu, kya kwa Gustave Doré wajingako mu myaka kitota kya bu 19

[Byambo bya Muntu Ungi]

Bipikichala bya kwa Doré

[Mabulañano pa peja 14]

“Ano Mambo Awama kechi anembelwe mu moba a kwa Yudasa” na muntu wamuyukile ne”

[Byambo bya Muntu Ungi]

Kenneth Garrett/National Geographic Stock

[Mabulañano pa peja 15]

Bashayuka bonse bapesele pesele bino bibaba kafwako nangwa umo waambile kuba’mba muji mashimikila a kine ne