BUZIBU KI OBWALIWO?: Abantu abaasooka okuwandiika Bayibuli n’abo abaagikoppolola baakozesanga bitoogo n’amaliba g’ensolo. (2 Timoseewo 4:13) Lwaki ebintu ebyo kwe baawandiikanga byali bisobola okuviirako Bayibuli okusaanawo?

Ebitoogo biyulika mangu, biggwaamu mangu langi, era bivunda mangu. Bakakensa Richard Parkinson ne Stephen Quirke abanoonyereza ku byafaayo bya Misiri bagamba nti: ‘Omuzingo ogukoleddwa mu bitoogo gusobola okuvunda amangu ne gusaanawo. Ate era omuzingo ng’ogwo bwe guterekebwa mu kifo ekinnyogovu oba bwe guziikibwa mu ttaka, gusobola okuwumba oba okuliibwa emmese oba ebiwuka, naddala enkuyege.’ Waliwo emizingo egy’ebitoogo egyazuulibwa, era egimu bwe gyateekebwa awaali ekitangaala ekingi oba mu bifo ebirimu ebbugumu, kyagiviirako okwonooneka amangu.

Emizingo egy’amaliba gyo giba migumu okusinga egy’ebitoogo, naye nagyo gyonooneka mangu singa giragajjalirwa oba singa giteekebwa awali ebbugumu eringi, awannyogovu, oba awali ekitangaala ekingi.a Ate era ebiwuka birya nnyo emizingo egy’amaliba. Eyo ye nsonga lwaki ebiwandiiko bingi eby’edda tebikyaliwo. Singa n’ebiwandiiko bya Bayibuli byasaanawo, obubaka obugirimu nabwo bwandibadde tebuliiwo.

ENGERI BAYIBULI GYE YAWONA OKUSAANAWO: Amateeka Katonda ge yawa Abayisirayiri gaali galagira buli kabaka okukoppolola Amateeka, kwe kugamba, ebitabo ebitaano ebisooka mu Bayibuli. (Ekyamateeka 17:18) Ate era abakoppolozi abakugu baakoppolola ebiwandiiko bingi nnyo ne kiba nti ekyasa ekyasooka we kyatuukira, mu makuŋŋaaniro g’Abayudaaya mu Isirayiri mwonna ne mu kitundu eky’ewala e Masedoniya, mwalimu Ebyawandiikibwa. (Lukka 4:16, 17; Ebikolwa 17:11) Kisobose kitya okuba nti ebimu ku biwandiiko eby’edda ennyo bikyaliwo?

Philip W. Comfort eyeekenneenya ebyawandiikibwa eby’Endagaano Empya agamba nti: “Abayudaaya baaterekanga emizingo gy’ebyawandiikibwa mu nsuwa okusobola okubikuuma bireme kwonooneka.” Kirabika Abakristaayo nabo baakozesanga enkola y’emu. N’ekyavaamu, ebiwandiiko bya Bayibuli eby’edda ennyo byazuulibwa mu nsuwa ne mu mpuku, ne mu bitundu ebirimu ebbugumu eringi.

EKIVUDDEMU: Ebiwandiiko bya Bayibuli nkumi na nkumi bikyaliwo, era ng’ebimu biwangadde emyaka egisukka mu 2,000. Tewali kitabo kirala eky’edda kirina biwandiiko bingi bwe bityo era nga biwangadde nnyo.

BUZIBU KI OBWALIWO?: Bannabyabufuzi ne bannaddiini bangi baalina ebigendererwa ebikontana n’ebiri mu Bayibuli. Emirundi mingi baakozesanga obuyinza bwabwe okulemesa abantu okufuna Bayibuli, okuzivvuunula, n’okuzibunyisa. Lowooza ku byokulabirako bino ebibiri:

• Awo nga mu mwaka gwa 167 E.E.T.a: Kabaka Antiyokasi Epifanesi, eyayagala okuwaliriza Abayudaaya bonna okusinza ng’Abayonaani, yalagira nti emizingo gyonna egy’Ebyawandiikibwa eby’Olwebbulaniya gisaanyizibwewo. Munnabyafaayo ayitibwa Heinrich Graetz agamba nti abakungu ba kabaka oyo “baanoonya emizingo gy’Amateeka buli wamu ne bagiyuza era ne bagyokya, era ne batta buli gwe baasanga ng’agisoma.”

• Wakati w’omwaka gwa 500 E.E. ne 1500 E.E.: Abakulembeze b’eddiini y’Ekikatuliki abamu baanyiiga nnyo bwe baakizuula nti abantu ba bulijjo baali babuulira abantu ebiri mu Bayibuli mu kifo ky’enjigiriza z’Ekkereziya. Abantu abaabanga n’ebitabo bya Bayibuli ebirala, ng’oggyeeko ekitabo kya Zabbuli ekyali mu Lulattini, baatwalibwanga ng’abajeemedde Ekkereziya. Ekkereziya yayisa ekiragiro nti abasajja baabwe “banoonye buli wamu abantu abawakanya oba abateeberezebwa okuwakanya enjigiriza z’Ekkereziya. . . . Ennyumba eyandisangiddwamu omuntu awakanya enjigiriza z’Ekkereziya yalina okusaanyizibwawo.”

Singa abantu abaali batayagala Bayibuli baagisaanyaawo, obubaka obugirimu nabwo bwandibadde bwasaanawo.

ENGERI BAYIBULI GYE YAWONA OKUSAANAWO: Kabaka Antiyokasi yayiggannya nnyo Abayudaaya abaali mu Isirayiri, naye waaliwo Abayudaaya bangi abaali mu bitundu ebirala. Mu butuufu, bannabyafaayo bagamba nti ekyasa ekyasooka we kyatuukira, kirabika Abayudaaya 60 ku buli kikumi baali tebabeera mu Isirayiri. Abayudaaya baaterekanga kopi z’Ebyawandiikibwa mu makuŋŋaaniro gaabwe, era Ebyawandiikibwa ebyo bye byakozesebwanga abantu ab’emirembe egyaddawo, nga mw’otwalidde n’Abakristaayo.—Ebikolwa 15:21.

Wakati w’omwaka gwa 500 E.E. ne 1500 E.E.T., abantu abaali baagala ennyo Bayibuli baagumira okuyigganyizibwa ne bavvuunula era ne bakoppolola Ebyawandiikibwa. Ekyuma ekikuba ebitabo kyagenda okukolebwa mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ettaano, kirabika ebimu ku bitabo bya Bayibuli byaliwo mu nnimi nga 33. Oluvannyuma, Bayibuli yavvuunulwa era n’ebunyisibwa nnyo.

EKYAVAAMU: Wadde nga bakabaka ab’amaanyi ne bannaddiini baagezaako okusaanyaawo Bayibuli, Bayibuli kye kitabo ekikyasinze okuvvuunulwa n’okubunyisibwa mu byafaayo. Ereetedde amateeka g’ensi ezimu n’ennimi okukyuka, era ekyusizza n’obulamu bw’abantu bangi.

BUZIBU KI OBWALIWO?: Bayibuli teyavunda era n’abantu tebaasobola kugisaanyaawo. Kyokka, abakoppolozi abamu n’abavvuunuzi baagezaako okukyusa obubaka obuli mu Bayibuli bukwatagane n’enzikiriza zaabwe, mu kifo ky’okukyusa enzikiriza zaabwe zikwatagane n’ebyo ebiri mu Bayibuli. Lowooza ku byokulabirako bino:

• Ekifo eky’okusinzizaamu: Wakati w’ekyasa eky’okuna n’eky’okubiri E.E.T., Abasamaliya abaakoppolola ebitabo ebitaano ebisooka mu Bayibuli (Samaritan Pentateuch), baayongeramu ebigambo ebigamba nti, “mu Gerizimu. Eyo gye munaazimba ekyoto.” Ebigambo ebyo baabyongera mu Okuva 20:17. Abasamaliya baali baazimba yeekaalu ku Lusozi Gerizimu era baali baagala Ebyawandiikibwa biwagire ekyo kye baali bakoze.

• Enjigiriza egamba nti Katonda ali mu busatu: Oluvannyuma lw’emyaka nga 300 nga Bayibuli emaze okuwandiikibwa, waaliwo omuwandiisi eyali awagira enjigiriza egamba nti Katonda ali mu busatu, eyayongera mu 1 Yokaana 5:7 ebigambo ebigamba nti, “mu ggulu, Kitaffe, Kigambo, n’Omwoyo Omutukuvu: abasatu bano bali omu.” Ebigambo ebyo tebyali mu biwandiiko ebyasooka. Omwekenneenya wa Bayibuli ayitibwa Bruce Metzger agamba nti: “Okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga n’okweyongerayo, ebigambo ebyo byali bisinga kusangibwa mu mizingo egy’Olulattini olw’edda, ne mu Bayibuli y’Olulattini eyitibwa Vulgate.”

• Erinnya lya Katonda: Abavvuunuzi ba Bayibuli bangi baasalawo okuggya erinnya lya Katonda mu Byawandiikibwa nga bagoberera akalombolombo k’Abayudaaya. Mu bifo awalina okuba erinnya lya Katonda bassaawo ebitiibwa gamba nga “Katonda” oba “Mukama,” kyokka nga mu Bayibuli ebitiibwa ebyo tebikozesebwa ku Mutonzi yekka, wabula bikozesebwa ne ku bantu, ku bintu ebisinzibwa, era ne ku Sitaani.—Yokaana 10:34, 35; 1 Abakkolinso 8:5, 6; 2 Abakkolinso 4:4.a

ENGERI BAYIBULI GYE YAWONA OKUSAANAWO: Okusookera ddala, wadde ng’abaakoppolola Bayibuli abamu baali tebeefiirayo oba nga bakuusa, abalala baali beegendereza nnyo era nga bakugu. Wakati w’ekyasa eky’omukaaga n’eky’ekkumi E.E., Abamasoreti baakoppolola Ebyawandiikibwa eby’Endagaano Enkadde era ebyo bye baakoppolola biyitibwa Masoretic text. Kigambibwa nti baabalanga ebigambo n’ennukuta okukakasa nti tewali nsobi n’emu ekoleddwa. Bwe baabanga bakoppolola ne basanga kye bateebereza okuba ensobi, baakiwandiikanga ebbali. Abamasoreti tebaakyusa Byawandiikibwa. Profesa Moshe Goshen-Gottstein yagamba nti: “Okuggya oba okwongera ekintu mu Byawandiikibwa mu bugenderevu baakitwalanga ng’omusango ogwa nnaggomola.”

Eky’okubiri, emizingo gya Bayibuli emingi egizuuliddwa giyambye abeekenneenya Bayibuli okulaba ensobi. Ng’ekyokulabirako, okumala ebyasa bingi abakulembeze b’amadiini baali bayigiriza nti Bayibuli eziri mu Lulattini ze zaalimu Ebyawandiikibwa ebituufu. Eyo ye nsonga lwaki mu 1 Yokaana 5:7 baagattamu ebigambo bye tulabye mu kitundu kino. Ensobi eyo yateekebwa ne mu Bayibuli y’Olungereza emanyiddwa ennyo, eyitibwa King James Version! Naye ebiwandiiko bya Bayibuli ebirala ebyazuulibwa byalaga ki? Bruce Metzger yawandiika nti: “Ebigambo [ebiri mu 1 Yokaana 5:7] tebiri mu biwandiiko byonna eby’edda (omuli n’ebyo ebiri mu nnimi zino: Syriac, Coptic, Armenian, Arabic, Ethiopic, Slavonic) okuggyako ebyo ebiri mu Lulattini.” N’ekyavaamu, enkyusa eza King James Version ez’oluvvannyuma n’enkyusa za Bayibuli endala zaggyamu ebigambo ebyo mu 1 Yokaana 5:7.

Abeekenneenyezza ebiwandiiko eby’edda bakakasizza nti obubaka obuli mu Bayibuli tebwakyusibwa? Emizingo bwe gyazuulibwa okumpi n’ennyanja enfu mu 1947, abeekenneenya Bayibuli baageraageranya Ebyawandiikibwa eby’Endagaano Enkadde Abamasoreti bye baakoppolola n’emizingo egyo egyali gyawandiikibwa emyaka 1000 emabega. Omu ku abo abeekenneenya emizingo egyo yagamba nti omuzingo gumu gwokka “gwatuyamba okukiraba nti Abayudaaya abaakoppolola ebyawandiikibwa mu bbanga ery’emyaka egisukka mu 1000 baali beegendereza nnyo era baali beesigwa.”

Etterekero ly’ebiwandiiko eby’edda eriyitibwa Chester Beatty Library eriri mu kibuga Dublin eky’omu Ireland, lirimu emizingo gy’ebitoogo ebiriko kumpi buli kitabo ekiri mu Bwawandiikibwa eby’Oluyonaani (Endagaano Empya). Muno mulimu n’ebiwandiiko eby’omu kyasa eky’okubiri E.E., ebyawandiikibwa emyaka nga 100 gyokka nga Bayibuli emaze okuwandiikibwa. Ekitabo ekiyitibwa The Anchor Bible Dictionary kigamba nti: “Emizingo gy’ebitoogo tegikoma kutuyamba buyambi kwongera kumanya ebiri mu Bayibuli, naye era gituyamba okulaba nti obubaka obuli mu Bayibuli tebwakyusibwa wadde nga bwakoppololwa okumala ebyasa bingi.”

EKYAVAAMU: Ebiwandiiko ebyo ebingi era ebimaze emyaka emingi tebyaleetera bubaka obuli mu Bayibuli kukyuka, wabula bituyambye okwongera okubutegeera. Sir Frederic Kenyon yagamba bw’ati ku Byawandiikibwa eby’Olulyonaani (Endagaano Empya): “Tewali kitabo kirala eky’edda ekiriko obujulizi obungi ennyo obukwata ku ebyo ebikirimu, era tewali mwekenneenya wa Bayibuli yenna omwesimbu ayinza obutakkiriza nti Ebyawandiikibwa bye tulina bituufu.” Ate ye omwekenneenya ayitibwa William Henry Green ng’ayogera ku Byawandiikibwa eby’Olwebbulaniya (Endagaaano Enkadde) yagamba nti: ‘Tusobola okugamba nti tewali kiwandiiko kirala eky’edda ekyakoppololwa obulungi nga Bayibuli.’