Miyuki ya kale ya mu Bible mmilelela anyi?

MUFUNDI kampanda wa Bible wakafundila mulunda wende utshivua nsonga mukanda, wamba ne: “Ndi ngamba bualu bulelela, tshiena ndinga to.” (1 Timote 2:7) Biambilu bia mushindu’eu, bidi bisanganyibua mu mikanda ya Paulo, bidi bualu budi bukengela kuandamuna kudi batontolodi ba Bible.a Bidimu mbipite pa 1 900 katshia mikanda ya Paulo yafundibua. Kunyima kua tshikondo etshi tshionso, muntu nansha umue katu muanji kufika ku dijadika patoke bualu bua se: muanda nansha umue wa mu mikanda yende kawena wa bulelela.

Mufundi wa Bible, Luka, uvua muleje kabidi diditatshisha diende bua malu ikale malelela. Ufundile muyuki wa muoyo ne mudimu bia Yezu bivuabo balonda panyima kudi muyuki wende udi ne dîna ne: Bienzedi bia Bapostolo. Luka ufundile ne: “Ndi mulondolole bintu bionso anu muvuabi kubangila ku ntuadijilu.”​—Luka 1:3.

Mamanyisha a dijadika bulelela

Batontolodi ba Bible ba ku ntuadijilu wa siekele wa 19 bavua bela mpata pa bidi bitangila bushikuluji bulelela bua Luka bua mianda ya kale. Bavua kabidi bajadika se: mianda ya kale idi mu Bienzedi bavua bayifuanyikije mu lungenyi munkatshi mua siekele muibidi B.B. Mukonkononyi wa bintu biangula muinshi mua buloba wa bena Grande Bretagne Sir William Mitchell Ramsay uvua wela meji mushindu’eu. Kadi, kunyima kua makebulula a mêna ne miaba bitela kudi Luka, wakatonda bua se: “Ku kakese ku kakese, ndi ngenda mpeta dishindika dia se: muyuki udiye ulonda, pa kukonkoloja bionso kutua kumpala ne kutua kunyima, uvua uleja bualu bulelela bua dikema.”

Pavua Ramsay mufunde bidi kulu eku, tshilumbu kampanda tshitshivua tshishala katshiyi tshikoshibua pa bidi bitangila miyuki mifunda kudi Luka. Tshivua tshitangila malanda makole avua pankatshi pa bimenga bia Ikoniuma, Listra ne Derbé. Luka uvua usua kuamba ne: Ikoniuma uvua muabulukangane ne Listra ne Derbé, bivua bikale bine ebi “bimenga bia Lykaoniya.” (Bienzedi 14:6) Pinapo, anu bu mudi karte kadi ku luseke eku kabileja, mutantshi wa kumbukila ku Listra too ne ku Ikoniuma uvua muipi, wa kumbukila ku Listra too ne ku Derbé muikale mule. Bamue bashikuluji ba mianda ya kale bavua bumvuija ne: Ikoniuma uvua bu tshitupa kampanda tshia buloba bua Likaoniya; pa nanku, batontolodi e kuvuabo kuasa Luka tshilumbu bua pavuaye pende kayi ne mmuenenu wa mushindu’eu.

Pashishe, mu 1910, Ramsay e kuvua kujandula mu bibuwa bia kale bia Ikoniuma dibue dia tshivulukilu kampanda divua dileja bua se: muakulu uvuabo bakula mu tshimenga etshi uvua tshiena-Phrygie kadi kauvua tshiena-Likaoniya. Mu mukanda wende wa Archaeology and the New Testament, Dr. Merrill Unger wambile ne: “Mifundu mikuabo mivule mianguila ku Ikoniuma ne ku maloba a ku mpenga idi ijadika bua se: pa bidi bitangila tshisa, tshimenga etshi tshivua mua kuangatshibua bu tshia bena Phrygie.” Bushuwa, Ikoniuma wa mu tshikondo tshia Paulo uvua ne nshidimukilu wa bena Phrygie, ne uvua muabulukangane ne “bimenga bia Lykaoniya,” muvua bantu bakula “tshiena Lykaoniya.”​—Bienzedi 14:6, 11.

Batontolodi ba Bible bavua kabidi belesha mpata bua ditumikila dia Luka dia muaku “politarque” bua kufunkuna bamfumu ba tshimenga tshia Tesalonike. (Bienzedi 17:6, Traduction du monde nouveau, diumvuija kuinshi kua dibeji) Muaku eu kawuvua mumanyike bilondeshile mikanda mifunda mu tshiena-Greke. Pashishe, dibua dia tshivulukilu tshia ditshimuna kampanda diakavua kuangudibua mu tshimenga tshia kale, dikale difunda mêna a bamfumu ba tshimenga bavua babikidibua ne: “politarque”​—dîna divuabo batumikila bulelela kudi Luka. Mu mukanda wende wa Expository Dictionary of Old and New Testament Words, W. E. Vine udi umvuija ne: “Bulelela bua miyuki ya Luka buakajadikibua kudi ditumikila dia muaku eu.”

Ngendu ya Luka ya pa mâyi

Bamanyi bapiluke mu mianda ya mazuwa a pa mâyi bakakonkonona diamba kufua mu mâyi didibo bumvuije mu Bienzedi nshapita wa 27. Bilondeshile Luka, mazuwa manene avuabo babuele ne Paulo akakokibua kudi tshipepele tshikole tshia ku Nord-Est pabuipi ne tshidiila tshikese tshia Kauda, ke bualu kayi bendeshi ba mazuwa bavua batshina bua kuvua kututakana ku mishiki ya njiwu ya lusenge ya ku mielelu ya mâyi ya ku Nord wa Afrika. (Bienzedi 27:14, 17, Traduction du monde nouveau, diumvuija kuinshi kua dibeji) Bakatshiungulula mazuwa ne budimu buonso bua kuatangija kuntu kule ne Afrika, ku luseke lua kudi dîba dibuelela. Tshipepele patshi anu tshikole, nunku mazuwa e kushisha kukokibua too ne ku lusenga pabuipi ne ku mielelu ya tshidiila tshia Malte, kunyima kua bamane kuenda mutantshi wa kilomètre 870. Bamanyi bapiluke mu mianda ya mazuwa ne ngendu ya pa mâyi bakabadika bua se: bivua bikengela matuku 13 kudi mazuwa kampanda manene avuabo benda batuta kudi tshipepele tshikole bua wowo kufikishibua kuntu kule mushindu’eu. Makumi abu adi mu diumvuangana ne muyuki wa Luka, udi wamba ne: diamba kufua mu mâyi diakenzeka dituku dia 14. (Bienzedi 27:27, 33, 39, 41) Kunyima kua dikonkonona dia bualu bua luendu lua Luka, kutua kumpala kutua kunyima, muenji wa manaya a dinyema mbilu ne mazuwa pa mâyi James Smith, wakafika ku nkomenu eu: “Mmuyuki udi umanyisha malu malelela, mafuma kudi mumonyi wa bualu . . . Muntu nansha umue udi kayi muena mazuwa kena mua kuenza muyuki mukuatangane mushindu’eu mu malu awu wonso, wa disabuka edi, bu yeye muine kayi muikalepu.”

Bua malu majandula a mushindu’eu, bamue bashikuluji ba malu a Nzambi bavua basakibue bua kuluila Mifundu ya buena nkristo ya tshiena-Greke bu mianda ya kale milelela. Apo, ntshinyi tshitudi mua kuamba bua mianda ya kale mifundibue diambedi idi isanganyibua mu Mifundu ya tshiena-Ebelu? Bamfumu ba bitendelelu badi bangata mmuenenu wa bena filozofi wa buena lelu, bamba ne: mudi musanganyibua malu kampanda mafuanyikija mu lungenyi. Kadi, tumalu tukese tuvule tua miyuki ya mianda ya kale ya ku ntuadijilu wa Bible tuvua kabidi tukenketshibue bua kushiya batontolodi ba Bible kabayi ne tshia kuamba menemene. Tshilejilu, tukonkononayi dijandudibua dia bukalenge bua Assyrie bupua muoyo mukungulu mule.

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