Nzambi mmumane kujadika tshiatufikila anyi?

“NUNKU ntatu mivule midifuanyikijila ivua mua kuepukibua bu muaku tshimana-kufunda udi misangu mivule mumvua bibi kawuyi mutumika nawu.” Udi mua kudiebeja diumvuija dia mêyi aa, biwikale mumane kutumika ne muaku “tshimana-kufunda” anyi muumvua batumika nawu.

Bilondeshile ansiklopedi mupiamupia wa Katolike wa mu mfualanse Théo, mbimpe bua tuetu kuepuka muaku “tshimana-kufunda.” Mukuabu mukanda udi wamba ne: “Lelu’eu, mbimueneke ne: tshimana-kufunda katshiena kabidi pa ludimi mu miyuki ya bena malu a Nzambi, ne kabidi mene bua bena Mishonyi ba bungi.”

Nansha nanku, bualu bua tshimana-kufunda mbupampakaja bavule mu kupita kua mianda ya bantu. Dilongesha edi ke divua menemene dijudija dielangana diakalela Diakajilula, ne nansha mu Ekleziya Katolike, divua tshiena-bualu tshiakatemesha dikokangana ku mêyi munkatshi mua siekele mivule. Nansha mudi dikokangana dikepela lelu’eu, ditshidi anu lutatu. Nnganyi udi mua kubenga kusua bua kumanya tshiamufikila né ntshimana kujadika?

Tshimana-kufunda​—Diumvuija dia muaku

Ntshinyi tshidi muaku “tshimana-kufunda” umvuija mu ekleziya? Nkonga-miaku wa Dictionnaire de théologie catholique udi uwangata bu “dijinga dia Nzambi bua kufikisha bamue, bafunkuna ku mêna, ku muoyo wa kashidi.” Batu bela meji pa tshibidilu ne: basungula aba, “bafunkuna ku mêna,” ke badi mupostolo Paulo utela mu mukanda wende kudi bena Lomo mu mêyi adi alonda aa: “Nzambi udi wenzela aba badi bamunange bimpe, badi babikidibua bilondeshile dilongolola diende. Bualu bakavuaye mumane kumanya wakamana kubafundila kabidi bua kuakanangana ne tshimfuanyi tshia Muanende . . . Ne aba bakamanaye kufundila wakababikila kabidi; ne aba bakabikilaye wakababingisha kabidi; ne aba bakabingishaye wakabatumbisha kabidi.”​—Lomo 8:28-30, nkudimuinu wa Revised Standard Version.

Badi batshinka se: nansha mene kumpala kua diledibua diabo, bamue bantu bakavua bamana kusungula bua kuabanyangana butumbi ne Kristo mu diulu. Ebi bidi bitutuma ku lukonko luena bilumbu lua kale: Nzambi utu udisunguila nkayende aba badiye musue kupandisha, peshi bantu badi ne budisunguidi ne tshiabu tshitupa tshia kukumbaja mu dipeta ne dilama dianyishibua dia Nzambi?

Augustin, tatu wa tshimana-kufunda

Nansha mukavua bakuabo Bafundi bena Ekleziya bafunda pa tshimana-kufunda, Augustin (354-430 B.B.) ke utu wangatshibua pa tshibidilu bu uvua muteke bishimikidi bia dilongesha edi bua ekleziya wa bena Katolike ne wa bena Mishonyi. Bilondeshile Augustin, bakane bakaadi kuonso eku bamana kufundila mabenesha a kashidi kudi Nzambi. Ku lunga luseke, bapange-buakane, nansha kabayi bilondeshile diumvuija disunguluke dia muakua bafundila tshiabafikila kudi Nzambi, badi ne bua kupeta dinyoka diakanyine mpekato yabo, dipishibua. Diumvuija dia Augustin divua dishiya mpunga mukese bua budisunguidi, nenku diunzulula njila ku milandu ya bungi.

Bapianyi ba Augustin

Dielangana pa tshimana-kufunda ne budisunguidi divuaku pa tshibidilu mu Moyen Âge, ne diakatua mulu mu tshikondo tshia Diakajilula. Luther uvua umona tshimana-kufunda tshia muntu pa nkayende bu disungula dia ku budisuile dienza kudi Nzambi, kayi udianjila kumona ngikadilu anyi midimu mimpe bia basungula. Calvin wakafika ku nkomenu mukole ne mmuenenu wende wa bitupa bibidi bia tshimana-kufunda: bamue mbamana kufundila lupandu lua kashidi, ne bakuabo dipishibua dia kashidi. Nansha nanku, Calvin pende wakamona disungula dia Nzambi dikala kadiyi kabingila, kadiyi mene diumvuika.

Tshilumbu tshia tshimana-kufunda ne tshikuabo tshidi tshitamba kukuatakanaku tshia “ngasa”​—muaku mutumika nawu kudi bitendelelu bua kufunkuna tshienzedi tshia Nzambi tshia disungila ne dibala muntu bu muakane—​tshiakadiundadiunda kufikishabi mu 1611 Tshisombelu Tshinsantu tshia Pape ku dikandika bua se: tshintu nansha tshimue katshifundibu pa tshilumbu etshi kakuyi dianyisha diatshi. Mu Ekleziya Katolike, malongesha a Augustin akanyishibua bikole kudi balondi ba Jansen bena ku France mu siekele wa 17 ne wa 18. Bakasungula Buena-nkristo bua kudipangisha masanka ne bua mpatshi ne bakabalonda mene kudi bamue ba mu bantu ba nsongo. Nansha nanku, milandu pa tshilumbu etshi kayakakepela to. Mukalenge Louis XIV wakatuma dîyi bua kubumbulabu nzubu wa badiambike wa ku Port-Royal, muaba wakatuadijila lungenyi lua balondi ba Jansen.

Munkatshi mua ekleziya Miakajilula ya bena Mishonyi, dikokangana ditshivu’anuku. Batontolodi ne bikuabo bisumbu bia malu a Nzambi, bakalonda Jacobus Arminius, bakitabuja ne: muntu udi ne tshiende tshitupa tshidiye ukumbaja mu disungidibua diende. Tshisangilu tshia bena Mishonyi tshia ku Dordrecht (1618-1619) tshiakajandula bua katupa kîpi nshinga pa kuangata mmuenenu mukole wa malongesha a Calvin. Bilondeshile mukanda wa L’Aventure de la Réforme​—Le monde de Jean Calvin, dikokangana ku mêyi edi pa tshimana-kufunda ne budisunguidi diakalela lupolo lule lua “dipangila dia madikolela menza bua kumvuangana, kabidi ne tshinyangu, dielangana mu maloko, ne dikandikangana bia bena malu a Nzambi” mu Allemagne.

Ntshimana-kufunda anyi mbudisunguidi?

Kutuadija ku mbangilu, ngenyi eyi ibidi mibengangane, tshimana-kufunda ne budisunguidi, yakajula makokangana mavule a mudilu. Ku luende luseke Augustin wakapanga mua kumvuija dibengangana edi. Calvin pende wakadimona bu dileja dia disua kuikala ku mutu kua bionso dia Nzambi ne nunku kadiyi kumvuija.

Kadi disokolola dia Bible pa ngikadilu ya Nzambi ne bu-muntu buende didi dituambuluisha bua kumvua bimpe mianda eyi anyi? Tshiena-bualu tshidi tshilonda netshizenzeke malu aa.

[Bimfuanyi mu dibeji 4]

Calvin

Luther

Jansen

[Mêyi a dianyisha]

Bimfuanyi: Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris