Ba-Masorete: Bavua banganyi?

YEHOWA, “Nzambi wa bulelela,” mmukube Dîyi diende, Bible. (Musambu wa 31:5, NW) Kadi bu mudi Satana, muluishi wa bulelela, mutete bua kubunyanga ne kububutula, mmunyi muvua Bible mua kutufikila nangananga mu mushindu mufunda?​—Tangila Matayo 13:39.

Tshitupa tshia diandamuna tshidi mua kupetshibua mu diumvuija dia Profesere Robert Gordis dia ne: “Mudimu muenza kudi baskribe bena Ebelu, bavuabu babikila ne: ba-masorete anyi ‘balami ba bilele,’ ki mbawanyishe bu mudibi bikumbanyine. Baskribe aba bakena bamanyike mêna bakatentula Mukanda wa Tshijila pa kutabalela tunungu tuonso ne dinanga.” Nansha mudi bavule ba ku batentuludi aba kabayi bamanyike kutudi lelu’eu, dîna dia dîku dimue dia Ba-masorete ndimanyike bimpe​—Ben Asher. Ntshinyi tshitudi bamanye pa bidi bitangila dîku edi pamue ne Ba-masorete nabu?

Dîku dia Ben Asher

Tshitupa tshia Bible tshifunda kumpalampala mu tshiena-Ebelu, tshidibu batamba kubikila ne: Dipungila Dikulukulu, tshiakatentuludibua ne lulamatu kudi baskribe bena Yuda. Bituadijile mu siekele muisambombo too ne ku wa dikumi B.B., batentuludi aba bavua babikidibua ne: Ba-masorete. Mmudimu kayi wakenzabu?

Munkatshi mua siekele mivule tshiena-Ebelu tshivua tshifundibua amu ne maleta matshintamane, mubadi muikala usakidila maleta majikuke. Kadi, mu tshikondo tshia Ba-masorete, dishindumuna dijalame dia tshiena-Ebelu divua dienda dijimina bualu bena Yuda ba bungi kabatshivua kabidi ne ludimi lutue mu diakula muakulu eu. Bisumbu bia Ba-masorete mu Babilone ne mu Izalele biakafuka tumanyinu tua kuteka ku nyunguluilu wa maleta matshintamane bua kuleja dishintuluka dia dîyi ne dishindumuna dijalame dia maleta majikuke. Ndongoluelu mishilangane mipite pa isatu yakalongolodibua, kadi umue uvua mutamba kuikala ne buenzeji uvua eu wa Ba-masorete ba ku Tibériade, ku muelelu wa Mbuu wa Ngalileya, kuvua dîku dia Ben Asher disombele.

Mikanda idi ileja bipungu bitanu bia Ba-masorete bena mu dîku dimuepele edi, pa kutuadija ne Asher Mukulu wa mu siekele wa muanda-mukulu B.B. Bakuabu bavua Nehemiya Ben Asher, Asher Ben Nehemiya, Mozese Ben Asher, ne, wa ndekelu, Alona Ben Mozese Ben Asher wa mu siekele wa dikumi B.B.a Bantu aba bavua ba kumpala mu mulongo wa bapuangaji ba tumanyinu tufunda tuvua ne bua kumvuija bimpe bitambe tshivuabu bumvua bu dishindumuna dijalame dia mifundu ya Bible wa tshiena-Ebelu. Bua kulubuluja tumanyinu etu, bavua ne bua kujadika nshindamenu wa mikenji ya muakulu wa tshiena-Ebelu. Kakuvua ndongoluelu musunguluke nansha umue wa mikenji ya muakulu bua tshiena-Ebelu ukavua mumana kufunda. Nunku, tudi mua kuamba se: Ba-masorete aba bavua bashikuluji ba kumpala ba muakulu wa tshiena-Ebelu.

Alona, Masorete wa ndekelu bu mulami wa bilele bia dîku dia Ben Asher, uvua wa kumpala bua difunda ne dipatula mamanyisha aa. Wakabienza mu mukanda udi ne tshiena-bualu “Sefer Dikdukei ha-Te‘amim,” mukanda wa kumpala wa mikenji ya muakulu wa tshiena-Ebelu. Mukanda eu wakalua nshindamenu bua mudimu wa bashikuluji bakuabu ba muakulu wa tshiena-Ebelu munkatshi mua siekele yakalonda. Kadi ebi bivua amu mudimu mupatukile ku eu wa mushinga mukole wa Ba-masorete. Mmudimu kayi nanku?

Bivua bilomba dilama ku muoyo dia mpatshi

Diditatshisha dinene dia Ba-masorete divua ditentulula dijalame dia muaku ne muaku, nansha dileta ne dileta, bia mifundu ya Bible. Bua kushindika bujalame, Ba-masorete bakatumika ne mielelu ya kumpenga kua dibeji dionso bua kufunda mamanyisha avua ne bua kufunkuna dishintuluka dionso divua mua kuikala mu mifundu dienza ku tshipua-muoyo anyi ku bukole kudi batentuludi ba kumpala. Mu note eyi ya ku mielelu, Ba-masorete bavua bafunda kabidi miaku ne ntuangajilu bivua kabiyi bia pa tshibidilu, pa kufunda bungi bua misangu buvuabi bimueneka mu mukanda kampanda anyi mu Mifundu ya tshiena-Ebelu yonso. Mumvuija aa avua mafunda pa kulonda ndongoluelu kampanda wa tumanyinu tukepesha menemene, bu muvua muaba mukepele. Bu tshiamu tshia mudimu wa dikebulula bilema tshia pa mutu, bavua bafunda muaku ne dileta bia pankatshi bia imue mikanda. Bakafika too ne ku dibadika dileta ne dileta dionso dia mu Bible bua kujadika ditentulula dijalame.

Ku mielelu ya kuulu ne kuinshi kua dibeji, Ba-masorete bakafunda mumvuija mavule pa bidi bitangila imue note mikepesha ku mielelu ya ku nseke ya mabeji.b Ebi bivua biambuluisha mu dikebulula bilema mu mudimu wabu. Tshikondo atshi bu muvua mvese kayiyi ne nimero ne kakuyi bikebelu bia miaku ya mu Bible, mmunyi muvua Ba-masorete batangila bikuabu bitupa bia Bible bua kuenza dikebulula dia bilema edi? Ku mielelu ya kuulu ne kuinshi, bavua bafunda tshitupa tshia mvese wa muomumue bua kuvuluka muaba uvua muaku anyi miaku eyi mifunda isanganyibua muaba mukuabu mu Bible. Bua kupangika kua muaba wa kufundila, misangu mivule bavua ne bua kufunda amu muaku umue wa nshindamenu bua kuvuluka mvese kayi yonso mifuanangane. Bua note ya ku mielelu eyi kuambuluishayi, batentuludi aba bavua ne bua kumanya pamue ne Bible mujima wa tshiena-Ebelu ku muoyo.

Liste ivua mile mipite mielelu ivua itekibua mu tshitupa tshikuabu tshia maniskri. Tshilejilu, note wa Ba-masorete ku muelelu wa ku luseke pa Genese 18:3 udi uleja maleta asatu a tshiena-Ebelu, קלד. Eu ke mfundilu wa mu tshiena-Ebelu wa tshishiferi 134. Mu tshitupa tshikuabu tshia maniskri, mudi liste udi uleja miaba 134 ivua batentuludi ba kumpala kua Ba-masorete bumbusha ku bukole dîna dia Yehowa mu mifundu ya tshiena-Ebelu, pa kupingaja pa muaba wadi muaku “Mukalenge.”c Nansha muvuabu bamanye mashintulula aa, Ba-masorete kabakasungula bua kushintulula mikanda yakapetabu. Pamutu pa nanku, bakaleja mashintuluka aa mu note yabu ya ku mielelu. Kadi bua tshinyi Ba-masorete bakadilama bikole bua kubenga kushintulula mifundu pavua batentuludi ba kumpala kuabu bayishintulule? Mushindu wabu wa ditabuja dia buena Yuda uvua mushilangane ne eu wa bavua kumpala kuabu anyi?

Ntshinyi tshivuabu bitabuja?

Mu tshikondo etshi tshia dilubuluka dia Ba-masorete, ntendelelu wa bena Yuda uvua muditue ne kasuki mu mvita miela miji ya mmuenenu. Kubangila mu siekele wa kumpala B.B., ntendelelu wa bena Yuda wa ba-rabi uvua wenda ulubuluka. Ne difundibua dia Talmud ne mumvuija kudi ba-rabi, mifundu ya Bible kayitshivua kabidi yangatshibua ne mushinga pa kufuanyikija ne diumvuija dia ba-rabi dia mikenji idi kayiyi mifunda.d Nunku, dikubibua ne ntema dia mifundu ya Bible diakamba kujimija mushinga wadi.

Mu siekele wa muanda-mukulu, tshisumbu kampanda tshia bantu bamanyibue bu Ba-karaite tshiakatombokela dinyikibua edi. Bua kuzangika mushinga wa dilonga dia Bible muntu pa nkayende, bakimansha bukenji ne mumvuija bia ba-rabi ne Talmud. Bakitaba anu Bible nkayende bu nshindamenu wabu. Ebi biakavudija dikengela dia ditentulula dijalame dia mifundu ayi, ne malonga a Ba-masorete akapeta bukole bupiabupia.

Mmu bualabale kayi muvua ditabuja dia ba-rabi anyi dia Ba-karaite ne buenzeji pa mudimu wa Ba-masorete? M. H. Goshen-Gottstein, mushikuluji wa maniskri ya Bible mu tshiena-Ebelu, udi wamba ne: “Ba-masorete bavua batuishibue . . . se: batshivua balame bilele bia kale, ne kubitontolola ku budisuile kuvua ne bua kuikala tshibawu tshibi tshitambe tshivua mua kupiibua.”

Ba-masorete bavua bangata ditentulula dijalame dia mifundu ya Bible bu mudimu munsantu. Nansha muvuabu mua kuikala nkayabu basonsodibue bikole kudi mikuabu ngenyi ya malu a Nzambi, mbimueneke se: ngenyi ya mushindu’eu kayivua ne buenzeji pa mudimu wa Ba-masorete. Note mîpi ya ku mielelu ivua imana mpata ya bena teoloji. Mifundu ya Bible nkayayi ivua diditatshisha bua muoyo wabu mujima; kabavua banyisha bua kuyinyanga.

Dibabidila mudimu wabu

Nansha muvua Izalele wa ku tshilelelu katshiyi kabidi tshisamba tshisungula tshia Nzambi, batentuludi bena Yuda aba bavua badifile ne kasuki ku dikuba dijalame dia Dîyi dia Nzambi. (Matayo 21:42-44; 23:37, 38) Mudimu muenza kudi dîku dia Ben Asher ne bakuabu Ba-masorete mmumvuija bimpe mu tshikoso kudi Robert Gordis, wakafunda ne: “Bena mudimu abu bena budipuekeshi kadi bakena kutshimunyibua . . . bakenza mu musokoko mudimu wabu mutambe bunene ne mukole wa kukuba Mifundu ya Bible ku dijimina anyi dishintuluka.” (The Biblical Text in the Making) Bu tshipeta, pavua Bashintuludi ba mu siekele wa 16 bu mudi Luther ne Tyndale bajule mpata pa bukokeshi bua ekleziya ne batuadije kukudimuna Bible mu miakulu ya bantu bua buonso kubalabu, bavua ne mifundu milama bimpe ya tshiena-Ebelu ya kukuata nayi mudimu bu nshindamenu wa mudimu wabu.

Mudimu wa Ba-masorete mmutungunuke ne kutukuatshisha too ne ku lelu. Mifundu yabu ya tshiena-Ebelu ke idi nshindamenu bua Mifundu ya tshiena-Ebelu ya mu Les Saintes Écritures​—Traduction du monde nouveau. Nkudimuinu eu mmutungunuke ne kukudimunyibua mu miakulu ya bungi ne tshipatshila tshia muomumue tshia didifila ne diditatshisha bua bujalame tshivua natshi Ba-masorete ba kale. Tudi petu ne bua kuikala ne tshipatshila tshia muomumue pa kuteya ntema ku Dîyi dia Yehowa Nzambi.​—2 Petelo 1:19.

[Mêyi adi kuinshi]

[Kazubu/​Tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 28]

Ndongoluelu wa dishindumuna wa tshiena-Ebelu

DIKEBULULA dia mushindu mutambe buimpe wa difunda tumanyinu tua maleta majikuke ne etu tua dishintuluka dia dîyi diakanenga siekele mivule munkatshi mua Ba-masorete. Bua bualu ebu, kabiena bikemesha pa kusangana dilubuluka dia pa mutu mu tshipungu tshionso tshia dîku dia Ben Asher. Maniskri adiku too ne ku lelu adi aleja mfundilu ne ngenzelu amu ya Ba-masorete babidi ba ndekelu ba mu dîku dia Ben Asher, Mozese ne Alona.e Dilonga dienza pa kufuanyikija maniskri aa didi dileja se: Alona wakenza mikenji pa amue malu makese a dishindumuna ne difunda ivua mishilangane ne eyi ya tatuende, Mozese.

Ben Naphtali uvua wa mu tshikondo tshimue ne Alona Ben Asher. Maniskri a ku Caire a Mozese Ben Asher adi ne mumvuija a pa buawu a bungi adibu bamba ne: ng’a Ben Naphtali. Nunku, nansha Ben Naphtali muine wakalonga ku bulombodi bua Mozese Ben Asher anyi buonso buabu bakalama bilele bia kale bia muomumue. Bashikuluji bavule badi bakula bua mashilangana pankatshi pa ndongoluelu wa Ben Asher ne wa Ben Naphtali, kadi Goshen-Gottstein mmufunde ne: “Mbifuana kuikala bijalame pa kuakula se: kuvua ndongoluelu ibidi mishilangane munda mua dîku dia Ben Asher ne kubikila dishilangana dia mumvuija a pa buawu aa ne: Ben Asher [mubengangane] ne Ben Asher.” Nunku kabiakuikala bijalame pa kuakula bua ngenzelu anu umuepele wa Ben Asher. Kabiyi bu tshipeta tshia bupiluke buayi, ngenzelu ya Alona Ben Asher yakalua kuanyishibua ndekelu wa bionso. Bakatamba kuanyisha mifundu ya Alona Ben Asher amu bualu mushikuluji wa Talmud Mozese Maimonide wa mu siekele wa 12 wakayitumbisha.

[Bimfuanyi​—Maleta a tshiena-Ebelu]

Tshitupa tshia Ekesode 6:2 tshikale ne tshikena ne tutoba tua maleta majikuke ne tumanyinu tua disungulujila

[Mêyi adi kuinshi]

[Tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 26]

Tibériade, muaba wa mudimu wa Ba-masorete kutuadija mu siekele wa muanda-mukulu too ne ku wa dikumi

[Mêyi a dianyisha]

Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.