Michael Faraday​—Muena sianse ne muena ditabuja

“Tatu wa Nzembu.” “Muena sianse mutambe kupiluka wa katshia ne katshia.” Mishindu ibidi eyi ke idibu bafunkuna nayi Michael Faraday, muledibue mu 1791 mu Angleterre, wakasokolola dipetela nzembu ku diambuluisha dia tshiamu tshia nzembu diakafikisha ku dienza miotere ya nzembu ne dipatula nzembu.

FARADAY wakenza miyuki mivule pa shimi ne fizike mu tshilongelu tshia Institut Royal de Londres. Miyuki yende ya dimuangalaja sianse yakambuluisha bansonga bua kumvua malu makole bua kumanya. Wakanyishibua bikole mu université ya bungi. Kadi wakabenga dimuendeshila lumu. Uvua ulonda malu a Nzambi mu buondoke, uvua ne disanka dia bungi pa kuikala pa nkayende mu nzubu wende wa bibambalu bisatu ne dîku diende ne bena kuitabuja nende. Faraday uvua muena mu tshivuaye ubikila ne: “kasumbu ka bena nkristo katambe bukese ne kapepeja, kamanyike . . . bu Bena Sandeman.” Bavua banganyi? Bavua bitabuja tshinganyi? Ne mmunyi muvua mitabuja abu ne buenzeji kudi Faraday?

Bena Sandeman

“Bulanda bua nzanzanza pankatshi pa dîku dia Faraday ne Ekleziya wa bena Sandeman buakatuibua tshitampi kudi bakaku ba Michael Faraday,” ke mudi Geoffrey Cantor mufundi wa mukanda kampanda (Michael Faraday: Sandemanian and Scientist) wamba. Bakadisanga ne balondi ba ministre kampanda uvua kayi ulonda ekleziya muena bena diende bavua batua ku mitabuja a bena Sandeman.

Robert Sandeman (1718-71) uvua mulongi wa ku université mu Edinburgh, uvua ulonga makumi, tshiena-Greke, ne mikuabu miakulu pakatelejaye dimue dituku diyisha dia John Glas ministre uvua ku kale muena Ekleziya wa ba-Presbyterien. Biakumvuaye biakamusaka bua kumbuka ku université, kupingana ku tshimenga tshimulela tshia Perth, ne kukuatakanangana ne Glas ne bena diende.

Mu bidimu bia 1720, John Glas ukavua mubange kuela mpata ku amue malongesha a Ekleziya wa ku Ecosse. Dilonga diende dia Dîyi dia Nzambi diakamufikisha ku dikoma se: ditunga dia Izalele ditela mu Bible divua tshimfuanyi tshia ditunga kampanda dia mu nyuma dienza ne bena muabu badi bafumine ku matunga mavule. Kakamona muaba nansha umue dibingisha dikalaku dia ekleziya mushilangane bua ditunga dionso to.

Bu muvuabi kabiyi biumvuangana kabidi ne ekleziya wende uvua ku Tealing, pamue ne Dundee, mu Ecosse, Glas wakapatuka mu Ekleziya wa Ecosse ne kulongolola biende bisangilu. Bantu batue ku lukama bakadisanga kudiye, ne kutuadija ku mbangilu, bakumvua dijinga dia kulama buobumue mu milongo yabu. Bakapangadika bua kulonda ngenyi-mishidimunyi ya Kristo, mifunda mu Matayo nshapita wa 18, mvese wa 15 too ne ku 17, bua kujikija mapangakana avuabu mua kuikala nawu. Pashishe bakenza bisangilu bia ku lumingu muvua aba bonso bavua ne ditabuja dia muomumue badisangisha bua kusambila ne kukankamijangana.

Pakavua bantu bungi bubandile babuela mu bisangilu pa tshibidilu mu tusumbu tushilashilangane, dikengedibua dia bantu bavua mua kulombola ditendelela diabu diakamueneka. Kadi mbanganyi bavua bakumbanyine? John Glas ne bena diende bakatuma ntema ya bungi ku bivua mupostolo Paulo mufunde pa muanda eu. (1 Timote 3:1-7; Tito 1:5-9) Kabakasangana muaba nansha umue bakula bua malonga a ku université anyi dijinga dia kumanya tshiena-Ebelu ne tshiena-Greke. Nunku kunyima kua diela meji ne bululame pa ngenyi-milombodi ya mu Bible, bakasungula bantu balume bakumbanyine bua kulua bakulu. Aba bavua balamate ku Ekleziya wa Ecosse bakangata muanda eu bu “ndambu wa dipenda Nzambi” bualu bantu bakêna balonge “bakolesha ne mulonda wa kutela nawu, kashingi, anyi lukasu lua kudima nalu” bavua badiamba muvuabu bakumbane mua kumvua Bible ne kuyisha mukenji wende. Mu 1733, pakibaka Glas ne bena kuitabuja nende wabu nzubu wa bisangilu mu tshimenga tshia Perth, bamfumu ba ekleziya ba mu tshimenga etshi bakateta bua kuenzeja bakoshi ba nsanzu bua kubatula mu tshimenga. Bamfumu aba bakapangila, ne tshisumbu tshiakadiunda.

Robert Sandeman wakasela muana wa bakaji wa kumpala wa Glas ne, pakavuaye ne bidimu 26, wakalua mukulu mu tshisumbu tshia ku Perth tshia bena Glas. Bua bujitu bupite bungi bua midimu yende bu mukulu, wakapangadija bua kufila dîba diende dionso mu mudimu wa bulami. Pashishe, kunyima kua difua dia mukajende, Robert “wakasua ne disanka dionso kusadila Mukalenge muaba wonso uvua nshobo yedibua buende,” ke mudi amue malu manene a mu nsombelu wende aleja.

Buena-Sandeman budi bumuangalaka

Sandeman wakadiundisha mudimu wende kumbukila mu Ecosse kuya too ne mu Angleterre, kuakakola tusumbu tupiatupia tua bena kuitabuja nende. Tshikondo atshi, kuvua dipangakanangana munkatshi mua bena Calvin ba ku Angleterre. Bamue ba kudibu bavua bitabuja ne: bavua bamana kufundila bua kupeta lupandu. Sandeman, ku luende luseke, uvua utua ku tshia aba bavua bamba ne: ditabuja divua dikengedibua. Bua kushindika mmuenenu wende, wakapatula mukanda wakapatudibua misangu inayi ne kabidi mu mpatuidi ibidi bua Amerike. Bilondeshile Geoffrey Cantor, dipatula dia mukanda eu divua “bualu bua mushinga bua kumpala buakajula kasumbu ka [bena Sandeman] ku difinakajibua diaku ku mbangilu mu Ecosse.”

Mu 1764, Sandeman, pamue ne bakulu bakuabu bena Glas, wakaya mu Amerike, dikumbula diakajula dielangana ne buluishi bua bungi. Nansha nanku, kuakapatuka kasumbu ka bena nkristo ba mmuenenu umue ku Danbury, mu Connecticut.a Kuineku ke kuakafuila Sandeman, mu 1771.

Mitabuja a malu a Nzambi a Faraday

Nsonga Michael wakapeta malongesha a bena Sandeman kudi baledi bende. Wakalonga ne: bena Sandeman bavua batapuluke ne bantu bavua kabayi balonda tshivua Bible ulongesha. Tshilejilu, bavua babenga kubuelakana mu malu a ntendelelu menza kudi bena Ekleziya Anglikane dîba dia dibaka, bavua basue kujikija malu a difesto dia dibaka amu ku bivua bikengedibua ku mêsu a mbulamatadi.

Kukokela mbulamatadi, kadi ndubidilu mu malu a tshididi, ke tshivua tshisunguluja bena Sandeman. Nansha muvuabu banemekibue mu tshinsanga, bavua bitaba mu mpukapuka mianzu ya mu tshinsanga. Kadi mu nsombelu mikese muvuabu bayitaba, bavua babenga bisumbu bia malu a tshididi. Dilama ngikadilu eu diakabakebela bipendu. (Fuanyikija ne Yone 17:14.) Bena Sandeman bavua bamba ne: Bukalenge bua Nzambi bua mu diulu ndilongolola dipuangane bua mbulamatadi. Bavua bamona bididi bu “bintu bia mushinga mukese, bintu bia bukoya, bipange nsombelu wa tshitembu,” ke mudi Cantor wamba.

Nansha muvuabu batapuluke ne bakuabu bantu, kabakangata mmuenenu ya Bafarizeyi. Bavua bamba ne: “Bushuwa tudi tumona se: bidi bikengela kubenga Mmuenenu ne Bibidilu bia Bafarizeyi ba kale, pa kuenza Mpekatu mivule anyi Malu a kulonda a bungi kupita adi Mifundu ifila; ne pa kuupula Mikenji ya Nzambi ku Bilele bia bantu anyi ku Bienzedi bia diyepela.”

Bakangata tshibidilu tshia mu Mifundu tshia kuipata eu wa kudibu uvua ulua mukuatshiki wa maluvu, munyengianganyi wa bintu, muena buendenda, anyi uvua wenza mikuabu mpekatu minene. Pavua muenji wa mpekatu unyingalala bushuwa, bavua bamupingaja. Yeye kayi muenze nunku, bavua balonda dîyi dia Mifundu bua ‘kumbusha muntu mubi.’​—1 Kolinto 5:5, 11, 13.

Bena Sandeman bavua balonda dîyi-dituma dia didilama ku mashi. (Bienzedi 15:29) John Glas wakamba ne: bantu ba Nzambi bavua ne bua kutumikila mukandu pa mashi amu bu muvua Nzambi mutumine bantu ba kumpala dîyi bua kudilama ku didia tshimuma tshia mutshi wa dimanya bimpe ne bibi. (Genese 2:16, 17) Dipanga kutumikila dîyi-dituma pa mashi divua diumvuija dibenga kutumika bimpe ne mashi a Kristo, mbuena kuamba ne: dibuikidila ku mpekatu. Glas wakakoma ne: “Dikandika dia didia mashi divu’anuku, ne didi’anu ne mushinga mutambe bunene ne mutambe kutumbuka.”

Dieleela meji pa Mifundu dia bena Sandeman diakabambuluisha bua kuepuka mateyi mavule. Tshilejilu, mu malu a dijikija lutetuku, bavua bangata ngenyi-mishidimunyi ya Kristo bu ngenyi-milombodi. “Katuena tukimina kuela Mikenji muaba uvua Kristo kayi muele nansha umue,” ke muakambabu, “anyi kumbusha mukenji umue ku idiye mutupeshe. Nunku, bu mutudi katuyi mua kupeta Dijikija mukodi, dia patoke anyi dia ku luseke, dikandikibue; tudi tumona se: Dijikija lutetuku dionso didi mu diumvuangana ne mikenji, padidi kadiyi dikuatakaja bushuwa ku Nsombelu ya mpekatu.”

Nansha muvua bena Sandeman ne mmuenenu mivule miashila pa Mifundu, kabakajingulula mushinga wa mudimu muine udi ufunkuna bena nkristo balelela, mbuena kuamba se: muntu yonso udi ne bua kuyisha lumu luimpe lua Bukalenge kudi bakuabu. (Matayo 24:14) Kadi, bisangilu biabu bivua biunzuluila bantu bonso, ne bavua baditatshisha bua kuandamuna bonso bavua babebeja kabingila ka ditekemena diabu.​—1 Petelo 3:15.

Mitabuja aa avua ne buenzeji kayi kudi muena sianse Michael Faraday?

Faraday muena Sandeman

Munemeka, muenzela mafesto, munemeka bikole bua masokolola ende a mpatshi, Michael Faraday uvua ne nsombelu mupepele. Pavua bantu bende lumu bafua ne batekemena se: bantu bamanyike baye ku nkita yabu, Faraday uvua mupumbishi munene, kuondo kende ka muoyo kavua kabenga bua yeye kuya ne kubuelakana mu malu a Nzambi a bena Ekleziya wa Angleterre.

Bu muena sianse, Faraday wakalamata bikole ku malu avuaye mua kuleja patoke bu malelela. Nunku wakepuka dikuatakana bikole ne bantu balonge bavua basanyika ngenyi yabu ne baya ku luseke lua muntu kampanda mu bilumbu. Bu muakambilaye umue musangu bamuteleji, ‘bulelela bumue bua nshindamenu kabuena mua kupangika, tshijadiki tshiabu tshitu’anu tshilelela.’ Wakaleja sianse bu udi ulonda ‘pa malu malelela mamueneke bimpebimpe.’ Pakakomaye dimue dia ku maleja pa makole a nshindamenu a mu bufuki, Faraday wakakankamija bamuteleji bua kutangila “eu uvua muenze [makole aa].” Pashishe wakatela mupostolo muena nkristo Paulo wamba ne: “Bintu Biende bikena bimueneka kutuadija ku difuka dia bukua-bintu bidi bimueneka bimpe, bidi biumvuika ku diambuluisha dia bintu bidi bienza, nansha bukole Buende bua tshiendelele ne Bunzambi Buende.”​—Lomo 1:20, King James Version.

Tshiakafila dishilangana dinene nunku pankatshi pa Faraday ne bena sianse bakuabu tshivua dijinga diende dia kulongela ku Mukanda mufunda ku spiritu wa Nzambi ne ku mukanda wa bufuki. “Ku diambuluisha dia Buena-Sandeman buende wakasokolola mushindu wa kuikala ne nsombelu wa ditumikila mikenji ya pa bikadilu ya Nzambi ne dilaya diende dia muoyo wa tshiendelele,” ke mudi Cantor wamba. “Ku diambuluisha dia sianse wende wakalua kumanya mikenji ya mu bufuki ivua Nzambi musungule bua kukokesha [nayi] bukua-mabulunge.” Faraday uvua witaba se: “bukenji bukole bua Bible kabuena mua kuzengudibua kudi sianse, kadi sianse, yeye muenza mu njila wa Buena-nkristo menemene, udi mua kutokesha mukanda mukuabu wa Nzambi.”

Faraday wakabenga ne budipuekeshi buonso lumu luvua bantu basua kumuambika. Mu diakula patoke uvu’amu uleja dibenga diende dia makumbu. Uvua musue kushala ‘amu Muadiamvita Faraday.’ Wakafila dîba dia bungi ku mudimu wende wa bukulu, kusangisha ne dienza ngendu kumbukila ku tshimamuende-wa-bukalenge kuya ku misoko ya mu Norfolk bua kutabalela kasumbu kakese ka bena kuitabuja nende kavuamu.

Michael Faraday wakafua mu dia 25 Tshimungu 1867, ne bakamujiika mu nkita ya mu Highgate ku nord wa Londres. John Thomas mushikuluji wa malu a nsombelu ya bantu udi utuambila ne: Faraday “wakashiila bakashala bipeta bia sianse mulelela bipite bungi kupita muena sianse wa fizike mukuabu kayi yonso, ne bipeta biakane bia masokolola ende bidi ne buenzeji buondoke pa nsombelu wa dimanya malu.” Sarah, mukaji mukamba wa Faraday, wakafunda ne: “Ndi’anu mua kufunkuna Dipungila Dipiadipia bu mulombodi ne muludiki wende; bualu uvua udiangata bu Dîyi dia Nzambi . . . dikale bia muomumue diambikila bena nkristo lelu ne [aba bavuaku] pavuadi difundibue”​—edi ndijadika dienzela muena sianse muende lumu uvua ne nsombelu uvua menemene mu diumvuangana ne ditabuja diende.

[Mêyi adi kuinshi]

[Kazubu mu dibeji 29]

Muteka bu muenji wa miyuki mu Royal Institution wa Grande-Bretagne, Michael Faraday wakatangalaja sianse mu mushindu wa se: too ne bana bamumvue. Mibelu yende kudi binende benji ba miyuki idi ne ngenyi miakanyine idi bena nkristo ba lelu badi bayisha patoke ne bua kuangata ne mushinga.

◻ “Muyuki kawena ne bua kuikala wa lukasa lukasa anyi lubilu lubilu, ne kuluawu kauyi umvuika bu tshipeta, kadi udi ne bua kuikala wa bitulu bitulu ne munefuke.”

◻ Ngamba-malu udi ne bua kuditatshisha bua kujula dijinga dia bamuteleji “ku mbangilu kua muyuki ne ku diambuluisha dia bitupatupa bikêna bimueneka, bikêna bimanyika kudi [bamuteleji], ulama [dijinga] dikole dia tshiena-bualu bilondeshile muditshi tshidilomba.”

◻ “Muenji wa muyuki udi ukuluka muinshi mua lumu lua bumuntu buende menemene padiye upueka panshi pale anu bua kukeba bikashi ne kulomba ka-lumbandi.”

◻ Pa ditumika ne plan: “Ntu’amu ndimona muenzeja . . . bua kuenza plan wa [tshiena-bualu] pa dibeji ne mfundapu bitupa ebi pa kubivuluka mu lungenyi, anyi pa kubifuanyikija mu meji peshi mukuabu mushindu. . . . Ndi ne mulongolongo wa mitu ya bualu minene ne mikese milondangane bimpe, ne ku [mitu ya bualu] eyi ndi ndongolola tshiena-bualu tshianyi.”

[Mêyi a dianyisha bua tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 26]

Bimfuanyi bionso bibidi: Ne dianyisha dia the Royal Institution